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Shaw TE, Diethrich TJ, Scott BL, Gilbert TM, Sattelberger AP, Jurca T. "MoCl 3(dme)" Revisited: Improved Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray and Electronic Structures. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12218-12225. [PMID: 34353020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"MoCl3(dme)" (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) is an important precursor for midvalent molybdenum chemistry, particularly for triply Mo-Mo bonded compounds of the type Mo2X6 (X = bulky anionic ligand). However, its exact structural identity has been obscure for more than 50 years. In search of a convenient, large-scale synthesis, we have found that trans-MoCl4(Et2O)2 dissolved in dme can be cleanly reduced with dimethylphenylsilane, Me2PhSiH, to provide khaki Mo2Cl6(dme)2 in ∼90% yield. If the reduction is performed on a small scale, single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography can be obtained. Two different crystal morphologies were identified, each belonging to the P21/n space group, but with slightly different unit cell constants. The refined structure of each form is an edge-shared bioctahedron with overall Ci symmetry and metal-metal separations on the order of 2.8 Å. The bulk material is diamagnetic as determined by both the Gouy method and SQUID magnetometry. Density functional theory calculations suggest a σ2π2δ*2 ground state for the dimer with the diamagnetism arising from a singlet diradical "broken symmetry" electronic configuration. In addition to a definitive structural assignment for "MoCl3(dme)", this work highlights the utility of organosilanes as easy to handle, alternative reductants for inorganic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Timothy J Diethrich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brian L Scott
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Thomas M Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Alfred P Sattelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.,Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT) Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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Hewage JW, Cavigliasso G, Stranger R. Metal-Metal Bonding in Trinuclear, Mixed-Valence [Ti3X12](4-) (X = F, Cl, Br, I) Face-Shared Complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10632-41. [PMID: 26523831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-metal bonding in structurally characterized In4Ti3Br12, comprising linear, mixed-valence d(1)d(2)d(1) face-shared [Ti3Br12](4-) units with a Ti-Ti separation of 3.087 Å and strong antiferromagnetic coupling (Θ = -1216 K), has been investigated using density functional theory. The antiferromagnetic configuration, in which the single d electron on each terminal Ti(III) (d(1)) metal center is aligned antiparallel to the two electrons occupying the central Ti(II) (d(2)) metal site, is shown to best agree with the reported structural and magnetic data and is consistent with an S = 0 ground state in which two of the four metal-based electrons are involved in a two-electron, three-center σ bond between the Ti atoms (formal Ti-Ti bond order of ∼0.5). However, the unpaired spin densities on the Ti sites indicate that while the metal-metal σ interaction is strong, the electrons are not fully paired off and consequently dominate the ground state antiferromagnetic coupling. The same overall partially delocalized bonding regime is predicted for the other three halide [Ti3X12](4-) (X = F, Cl, I) systems with the metal-metal bonding becoming weaker as the halide group is descended. The possibility of bond-stretch isomerism was also examined where one isomer has a symmetric structure with identical Ti-Ti bonds while the other is unsymmetric with one short and one long Ti-Ti bond. Although calculations indicate that the latter form is more stable, the barrier to interconversion between equivalent unsymmetric forms, where the short Ti-Ti bond is on one side of the trinuclear unit or the other, is relatively small such that at room temperature only the averaged (symmetric) structure is likely to be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán Cavigliasso
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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Mos A, Castro C, Indris S, Ströbele M, Fink RF, Meyer HJ. From WCl6 to WCl2: Properties of Intermediate Fe-W-Cl Phases. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9826-32. [PMID: 26431486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenomenological studies of WCl6 reduction with transition metal powders M = Mn, Fe, and Co have been recently reported. These reactions involve a series of reductive intercalation steps of M atoms into layered tungsten chloride arrangements, followed by exsolution of MCl2. In the series M = Fe, the presence of divalent iron is evidenced for Fe(x)WCl6, FeW2Cl10, Fe2W2Cl10, and (Fe,W)Cl2 by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic properties are reported. Bonding characteristics between tungsten atoms in edge-sharing [W2Cl10](n-) bioctahedra reveal that a double bond can be addressed to FeW2Cl10. A similar situation appears for Fe2W2Cl10, due to the localized and thus nonbonding character of the two electrons in the δ orbitals of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Post Office Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Brogden DW, Turov Y, Nippe M, Li Manni G, Hillard EA, Clérac R, Gagliardi L, Berry JF. Oxidative Stretching of Metal–Metal Bonds to Their Limits. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4777-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5007204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Brogden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yevgeniya Turov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Giovanni Li Manni
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing
Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Hillard
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing
Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Sabounchei SJ, Ahmadi M, Shahriari P, Hoseini-Fashami F, Samiee S. Edge-shared [M2Cl10]2− complexes of reaction between oxophilic group 4 metal and phosphorus ylides. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023612070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Poineau F, Johnstone EV, Weck PF, Forster PM, Kim E, Czerwinski KR, Sattelberger AP. β-Technetium Trichloride: Formation, Structure, and First-Principles Calculations. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4915-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Poineau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Erik V. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Philippe F. Weck
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United
States
| | - Paul M. Forster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Eunja Kim
- Department
of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Czerwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Alfred P. Sattelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las
Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
- Energy Engineering and Systems
Analysis Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Cavigliasso G, Wilson L, McAlpine S, Attar M, Stranger R, Yates BF. Activation and cleavage of the N–N bond in side-on bound [L2M-NN-ML2] (L = NH2, NMe2, NiPr2, C5H5, C5Me4H) dinitrogen complexes of transition metals from groups 4 through 9. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4529-40. [DOI: 10.1039/b924999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cavigliasso
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Cavigliasso G, Stranger R. Electronic Structure and Metal−Metal Interactions in Trinuclear Face-Shared [M3X12]3− (M = Mo, W; X = F, Cl, Br, I) Systems. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:3072-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702070z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cavigliasso
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Robert Stranger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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