1
|
Spin Crossover in 3D Metal Centers Binding Halide-Containing Ligands: Magnetism, Structure and Computational Studies. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The capability of a given substance to change its spin state by the action of a stimulus, such as a change in temperature, is by itself a very challenging property. Its interest is increased by the potential applications and the need to find sustainable functional materials. 3D transition metal complexes, mainly with octahedral geometry, display this property when coordinated to particular sets of ligands. The prediction of this behavior has been attempted by many authors. It is, however, made very difficult because spin crossover (SCO), as it is called, occurs most often in the solid state, where besides complexes, counter ions, and solvents are also present in many cases. Intermolecular interactions definitely play a major role in SCO. In this review, we decided to analyze SCO in mono- and binuclear transition metal complexes containing halogens as ligands or as substituents of the ligands. The aim was to try and find trends in the properties which might be correlated to halogen substitution patterns. Besides a revision of the properties, we analyzed structures and other information. We also tried to build a simple model to run Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and calculate several parameters hoping to find correlations between calculated indices and SCO data. Although there are many experimental studies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures, there are only few examples with the F, Cl, Br and series. When their intermolecular interactions were not very different, T1/2 (temperature with 50% high spin and 50% low spin states) usually increased with the calculated ligand field parameter (Δoct) within a given family. A way to predict SCO remains elusive.
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng X, Yang L, Luo F. Unique magnetic behaviour of coexistence of single ion magnet and spin crossover. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
3
|
Abstract
In this paper, the bromo- and phosphonate-ester-functionalized complexes [Zn(1)2][CF3SO3]2 and [Zn(2)2][CF3SO3]2 (1 = 4′-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 2 = diethyl (4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)phosphonate) are reported. The complexes have been characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry, IR and absorption spectroscopies, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The single-crystal structures of [Zn(1)2][CF3SO3]2.MeCN.1/2Et2O and [Zn(2)2][CF3SO3]2 have been determined and they confirm {Zn(tpy)2}2+ cores (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine). Ongoing from X = Br to P(O)(OEt)2, the {Zn(4′-XC6H4tpy)2}2+ unit exhibits significant “bowing” of the backbone, which is associated with changes in packing interactions. The [Zn(1)2]2+ cations engage in head-to-tail 4′-Phtpy...4′-Phtpy embraces with efficient pyridine...phenylene π-stacking interactions. The [Zn(2)2]2+ cations pack with one of the two ligands involved in pyridine...pyridine π-stacking; steric hindrance between one C6H4PO(OEt)2 group and an adjacent pair of π-stacked pyridine rings results in distortion of backbone of the ligand. This report is the first crystallographic determination of a salt of a homoleptic [M{4′-(RO)2OPC6H4tpy}2]n+ cation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Capel Berdiell I, Kulmaczewski R, Halcrow MA. Iron(II) Complexes of 2,4-Dipyrazolyl-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives-The Influence of Ligand Geometry on Metal Ion Spin State. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8817-8828. [PMID: 28699741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seven [FeL2][BF4]2 complex salts were prepared, where L is a 6-substituted 2,4-di(pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (bpt) derivative. The complexes are all crystallographically high-spin, and exhibit significant distortions from an ideal D2d-symmetric coordination geometry. In one case, an unusual type of metal ion disorder was observed among a cubic array of ligands in the crystal lattice. The complexes are also high-spin between 3 and 300 K in the solid state and, where measured, between 239 and 333 K in CD3CN solution. This result is unexpected, since homoleptic iron(II) complexes of related 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine, 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrazine, and 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives often exhibit thermal spin-crossover behavior. Gas-phase density functional theory calculations confirm the high-spin form of [Fe(bpt)2]2+ and its derivatives is stabilized relative to iron(II) complexes of the other ligand types. This reflects a weaker Fe/pyrazolyl σ-bonding interaction, which we attribute to a small narrowing of the chelate ligand bite angle associated with the geometry of the 1,3,5-triazinyl ring. Hence, the high-spin state of [Fe(bpt)2]2+ centers does not reflect the electronic properties of its heterocyclic ligand donors but is imposed by the bpt ligand conformation. A high-spin homoleptic iron(III) complex of one of the bpt derivatives was also synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izar Capel Berdiell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Rafal Kulmaczewski
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Malcolm A Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar V, Kumar V, Upadhyay N, Sharma S. Interactions of atrazine with transition metal ions in aqueous media: experimental and computational approach. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:791-798. [PMID: 28324532 PMCID: PMC4569625 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal ions have their own significances and utility. Externally applied pesticides may alter the bioavailability of these metal ions to plants through the coordinating ability of these pesticides with metal ions. In current study a series of metal complexes containing atrazine (Atr) group(s) attached to metal(II) (M) frame, with the formula; [M(Atr)n.xH2O.yCl] (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn; n = 1 or 2; x = 1-4; y = 1-2), have been synthesized for the first time to check the interactions of atrazine with transition metal ions. More importantly, all the complexes were synthesized at neutral pH in aqueous medium. The major differences among the FTIR spectra were observed between 3,700-2,800 and 1,800-1,350 cm-1. On the basis of FTIR, CHN and computational study, it was observed that Mn, Ni and Cu formed complexes in 1:2 and Fe, Co and Zn in 1:1. The obtained results were supported by 3D molecular modeling using GAMESS computations as a package of ChemBio3D Ultra14 program. The FTIR spectral analysis and 3D molecular modeling suggests that the Atr can show coordination through the nitrogen (in between two side chains) of ring as well as nitrogen (non steric amine) of side chain with different metal ions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghosh BN, Topić F, Sahoo PK, Mal P, Linnera J, Kalenius E, Tuononen HM, Rissanen K. Synthesis, structure and photophysical properties of a highly luminescent terpyridine-diphenylacetylene hybrid fluorophore and its metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:254-67. [PMID: 25373423 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02728k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent terpyridyl-diphenylacetylene hybrid fluorophore 4'-[4-{(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl}phenyl]-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, L, was synthesized via Sonogashira cross-coupling of 4'-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and 4-ethynylanisole in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4/CuI as a catalyst. The solid state structure of L shows a trans arrangement of pyridine nitrogen atoms along the interannular bond in the terpyridine domain. Five transition metal complexes of L, {[FeL2](CF3SO3)2 (1), [ZnL2](ClO4)2 (2), [CdL2](ClO4)2 (3), [RuL2](PF6)2 (4), and PtMe3IL (5)}, have also been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of complexes 1-3 show a distorted octahedral MN6 arrangement with tridentate coordination of the two terpyridine ligands, whereas in complex 5 the ligand L binds in a bidentate fashion. The ligand L displays bright blue emission in the solid state and in both non-polar and polar organic media. The fluorescence quantum yield of L is exceptionally high for a monoterpyridine ligand of its kind, which can be rationalized with density functional theory calculations. The electronic structure of L shows that the fluorescence involves intramolecular charge transfer from the diphenylacetylene moiety to the terpyridine group, and it is not affected by the usual non-radiative relaxation processes such as pyridine rotation. The Fe(II), Ru(II) and Pt(IV) complexes of L were found to be non-emissive, whereas both Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes displayed significant green emission attributed to intra-ligand charge transfer states. These results were supported by the observed red-shift of the emission maxima of complexes 2 and 3 with increasing the solvent polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswa Nath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shaban SY, El-Shafai N, Mansour H, Van Eldik R. Iron(II) complexes containing the 2,6-bis-iminopyridyl moiety. Synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and DNA binding. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1031656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Y. Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nagi El-Shafai
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mansour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rudi Van Eldik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu WW, Zhang FX, Kuang DZ. Syntheses and crystal structures of [Fe(m-NO2phtpy)2](ClO4)2 and [Fe(m-Clphtpy)2](ClO4)2 (m-NO2phtpy = 4′-(3-nitrophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and m-Clphtpy = 4′-(3-chlorophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine). J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661405014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Schwarz G, Haßlauer I, Kurth DG. From terpyridine-based assemblies to metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes (MEPEs). Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:107-20. [PMID: 24485594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introducing metal ion coordination as bonding motive into polymer architectures provides new structures and properties for polymeric materials. The metal ions can be part of the backbone or of the side-chains. In the case of linear metallo-polymers the repeat unit bears at least two metal ion receptors in order to facilitate metal-ion induced self-assembly. If the binding constants are sufficiently high, macromolecular assemblies will form in a solution. Likewise, polymeric networks can be formed by metal ion induced crosslinking. The metal ion coordination sites introduce dynamic features, e.g. for self-healing or responsive materials, as well as additional functional properties including spin-crossover, electro-chromism, and reactivity. Terpyridines have attracted attention as receptors in metallo-polymers due to their favorable properties. It is well suited to assemble linear rigid-rod like metallo-polymers in case of rigid ditopic ligands. Terpyridine binds a large number of metal ions and are readily functionalized giving rise to a plethora of available ligands as components in metallo-polymers. By the judicious choice of the metal ions, the design of the ligands, the counter ions and the boundary conditions of self-assembly, the final structure and properties of the resulting metallo-polymers can be tailored at all length scales. Here, we review recent activities in the area of metallo-polymers based on terpyridines as central metal ion receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guntram Schwarz
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iris Haßlauer
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk G Kurth
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Chemical Technology of Advanced Materials, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer ISC, Neunerplatz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kershaw Cook LJ, Tuna F, Halcrow MA. Iron(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes of tris-azinyl analogues of 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine. Dalton Trans 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Young MC, Liew E, Ashby J, McCoy KE, Hooley RJ. Spin state modulation of iron spin crossover complexes via hydrogen-bonding self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6331-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42851f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Bowman DN, Jakubikova E. Low-Spin versus High-Spin Ground State in Pseudo-Octahedral Iron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6011-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202344w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina
State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina
State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chenneberg L, Ferreira JG, Hanan GS. Supramolecular interactions in a copper(II) 4'-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine complex. Acta Crystallogr C 2011; 67:m81-4. [PMID: 21467613 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270111004641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, [4'-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]chlorido(trifluoromethanesulfonato)copper(II), [Cu(CF(3)O(3)S)Cl(C(21)H(14)BrN(3))], is a new copper complex containing a polypyridyl-based ligand. The Cu(II) centre is five-coordinated in a square-pyramidal manner by one substituted 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand, one chloride ligand and a coordinated trifluoromethanesulfonate anion. The Cu-N bond lengths differ by 0.1 Å for the peripheral and central pyridine rings [2.032 (2) (mean) and 1.9345 (15) Å, respectively]. The presence of the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion coordinated to the metal centre allows Br···F halogen-halogen interactions, giving rise to the formation of a dimer about an inversion centre. This work also demonstrates that the rigidity of the ligand allows the formation of other types of nonclassical interactions (C-H···Cl and C-H···O), yielding a three-dimensional network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Chenneberg
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuroiwa K, Kimizuka N. Electrochemically Controlled Self-assembly of Lipophilic FeII1,2,4-Triazole Complexes in Chloroform. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Hain SK, Heinemann FW, Gieb K, Müller P, Hörner G, Grohmann A. On the Spin Behaviour of Iron(II)–Dipyridyltriazine Complexes and Their Performance as Thermal and Photonic Spin Switches. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K. Hain
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐314‐22935
| | - Frank W. Heinemann
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Gieb
- Department Physik, Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erwin‐Rommel‐Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Department Physik, Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erwin‐Rommel‐Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Grunwaldzka 6, 60‐780 Poznań, Poland, Fax: +48‐61‐829‐1505
| | - Andreas Grohmann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐314‐22935
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ebralidze II, Leitus G, Shimon LJ, Neumann R. Structural and magnetic behavior of mono- and dinuclear nickel (II) complexes of N,N′-bis-(3,5-dipiperidin-1-yl-[2,4,6]triazin-1-yl)-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Ebralidze II, Leitus G, Shimon LJ, Wang Y, Shaik S, Neumann R. Structural variability in manganese(II) complexes of N,N′-bis(2-pyridinylmethylene) ethane (and propane) diamine ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|