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Sievers R, Sellin M, Rupf SM, Parche J, Malischewski M. Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand into Coordination Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211147. [PMID: 35984742 PMCID: PMC9826324 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of AgBF4 and [Rh(COD)Cl]2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) in presence of [NEt4 ][C5 (CF3 )5 ] afforded the fluorocarbon soluble complex [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )5 )] by salt metathesis. This complex represents the first example for a successful coordination of the weakly basic [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand, since its first synthesis in 1980. In addition to [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )5 )] also the byproduct [Rh(COD)(C5 (CF3 )4 H)] was isolated and fully characterized. Accompanying DFT studies showed that the interaction energy of the [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand towards the 12-electron fragment [Rh(COD)]+ is ≈70 kcal mol-1 lower in comparison to [C5 (CH3 )5 ]- due to reduced electrostatic interactions and weaker π-donor properties of the ligand. The quantitative but reversible substitution of the [C5 (CF3 )5 ]- ligand by toluene, converting it into a weakly coordinating anion, experimentally proved the extraordinary weak bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sievers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Malte Sellin
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany,Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgInstitut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Joshua Parche
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische ChemieFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
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Sievers R, Sellin M, Rupf SM, Parche J, Malischewski M. Introducing the Perfluorinated Cp* Ligand into Coordination Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sievers
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Malte Sellin
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg: Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Susanne M. Rupf
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Joshua Parche
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität Berlin - Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstrasse 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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Nimax PR, Sünkel K. Coordination Chemistry of Polynitriles, Part X. [Li{C5(CN)5}(H2O)]: Synthesis, Molecular and Crystal Structure of the Last Missing Alkali Metal Pentacyanocyclopentadienide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rene Nimax
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen GERMANY
| | - Karlheinz Sünkel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Chemistry Butenandtstr. 9 81377 München GERMANY
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Khan M, Leszczynska D, Majumdar D, Roszak S, Leszczynski J. Interactions of Substituted Nitroaromatics with Model Graphene Systems: Applicability of Hammett Substituent Constants To Predict Binding Energies. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2773-2785. [PMID: 31458554 PMCID: PMC6641519 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Applicability of Hammett parameters (σ m and σ p ) was tested in extended π-systems in gas phase. Three different model graphene systems, viz. 5,5-graphene (GR), 3-B-5,5-graphene (3BGR), and 3-N-5,5-graphene (3NGR), were designed as extended π-systems, and interactions of various nitrobenzene derivatives (mainly m- and p-substituted together with some multiple substitutions) on such platforms were monitored using density functional theory (M06/cc-pVDZ, M06/cc-pVTZ, M06/sp-aug-cc-pVTZ) and Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2/cc-pV-DZ) theory. Offset face to face (OSFF) stackings were found to be the favored orientations, and reasonable correlations were found between binding energies (ΔE B) and the ∑|σ m | values of the substituted nitrobenzenes. It was proposed previously that |σ m | contains information about the substituents' polarizability and controls electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The combination of ∑|σ m | and molar refractivity (as ∑M r) or change in polarizability (Δα: with respect to benzene) of nitrobenzene derivatives generated statistically significant correlation with respect to ΔE B, thereby supporting the hypothesis related to the validity of |σ m | correlations. The |σ p | parameters also maintain similar correlations for the various p-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives together with several multiply-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives. The correlation properties in such cases are similar to the |σ m | cases, and the energy partition analysis for both the situations reveled importance of electrostatic and dispersion contributions in such interactions. The applicability of Hammett parameters was observed previously on the restricted parallel face to face orientation of benzene···substituted benzene systems, and the present results show that such an idea could be used to predict ΔE B values in OSFF orientations, if the scaffolds are designed in such a way that substituted benzene systems cannot escape their π-clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi
H. Khan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity,
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Danuta Leszczynska
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity,
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - D. Majumdar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity,
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Szczepan Roszak
- Advanced
Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity,
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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Wireduaah S, Parker TM, Bagwill C, Kirkpatrick CC, Lewis M. Predicting the cation–π binding of substituted benzenes: energy decomposition calculations and the development of a cation–π substituent constant. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a new substituent constant,Π+, to describe cation–π binding using computational methods at the MP2(full)/6-311++G** level of theory with Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) calculations on selected cation–π complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Chemistry
- Saint Louis University
- St. Louis, USA
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Wireduaah S, Parker TM, Lewis M. Effects of the aromatic substitution pattern in cation-π sandwich complexes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2598-604. [PMID: 23452189 DOI: 10.1021/jp309740r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A computational study investigating the effects of the aromatic substitution pattern on the structure and binding energies of cation-π sandwich complexes is reported. The correlation between the binding energies (Ebind) and Hammett substituent constants is approximately the same as what is observed for cation-π half-sandwich complexes. For cation-π sandwich complexes where both aromatics contain substituents the issue of relative conformation is a possible factor in the strength of the binding; however, the work presented here shows the Ebind values are approximately the same regardless of the relative conformation of the two substituted aromatics. Finally, recent computational work has shown conflicting results on whether cation-π sandwich Ebind values (Ebind,S) are approximately equal to twice the respective half-sandwich Ebind values (Ebind,HS), or if cation-π sandwich Ebind,S values are less than double the respective half-sandwich Ebind,HS values. The work presented here shows that for cation-π sandwich complexes involving substituted aromatics the Ebind,S values are less than twice the respective half-sandwich Ebind,HS values, and this is termed nonadditive. The extent to which the cation-π sandwich complexes investigated here are nonadditive is greater for B3LYP calculated values than for MP2 calculated values and for sandwich complexes with electron-donating substituents than those with electron-withdrawing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Wireduaah
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
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Mahadevi AS, Sastry GN. Cation-π interaction: its role and relevance in chemistry, biology, and material science. Chem Rev 2012; 113:2100-38. [PMID: 23145968 DOI: 10.1021/cr300222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Subha Mahadevi
- Molecular Modeling Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Lewis M, Bagwill C, Hardebeck LKE, Wireduaah S. The use of hammett constants to understand the non-covalent binding of aromatics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 1:e201204004. [PMID: 24688634 PMCID: PMC3962106 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201204004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions of aromatics are important in a wide range of chemical and biological applications. The past two decades have seen numerous reports of arene-arene binding being understood in terms Hammett substituent constants, and similar analyses have recently been extended to cation-arene and anion-arene binding. It is not immediately clear why electrostatic Hammett parameters should work so well in predicting the binding for all three interactions, given that different intermolecular forces dominate each interaction. This review explores such anomalies, and summarizes how Hammett substituent constants have been employed to understand the non-covalent binding in arene-arene, cation-arene and anion-arene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lewis
- Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 63130
| | - Christina Bagwill
- Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 63130
| | - Laura K E Hardebeck
- Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 63130
| | - Selina Wireduaah
- Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 63130
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Cormier KW, Watt M, Lewis M. The quadrupole moment of substituted cyclopentadienyl anions. J Phys Chem A 2011; 114:11708-13. [PMID: 20931953 DOI: 10.1021/jp104499y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work in our group on the cation binding of substituted cyclopentadienyl anions (Cp) showed the curious result that Cp traceless electric quadrupole moments (Θ(zz)) are almost all positive. Probing this issue further here we show that substituted Cp Θ(zz) values are always significantly more positive than the analogous substituted benzenes. Given the nature of aromatic Θ(zz) values, this is the opposite of what would be predicted. Furthermore, we show that the quadrupole moments of Cp anions do not behave as one would expect based on Cp substitutions. Unlike the quadrupole moments of substituted benzenes, which generally become more negative with the addition of electron-donating groups and more positive with the addition of electron-withdrawing groups, Cp quadrupole moments become more positive when any substituent is added, regardless of the electron-donating/withdrawing nature of the substituent. To explain these results we propose a model where the anionic Cp π-electron density repels the substituent electron density toward the molecular periphery and AIM calculations support this view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Cormier
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, USA
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Watt M, Hardebeck LKE, Kirkpatrick CC, Lewis M. Face-to-Face Arene−Arene Binding Energies: Dominated by Dispersion but Predicted by Electrostatic and Dispersion/Polarizability Substituent Constants. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3854-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Watt
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Laura K. E. Hardebeck
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Charles C. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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