Microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis and stereogenic properties of monospirocyclotriphosphazene derivatives

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 24. Syntheses, crystal structures, spectroscopic and stereogenic properties, biological activities, and DNA interactions of novel spiro-ansa-spiro- and ansa-spiro-ansa-cyclotetraphosphazenes

The reactions of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N(4)P(4)Cl(8), with N(2)O(2) donor-type aminopodands (1a, 1b, 1g, and 1h) afforded two kinds of derivatives, namely, spiro-ansa-spiro (sas) (2a, 2b, 2g, and 2h) and ansa-spiro-ansa (asa) (3a and 3b) phosphazenes. The partly substituted sas phosphazenes (2a and 2b) reacted with excess pyrrolidine and morpholine in tetrahydrofuran to produce the tetrapyrrolidino (2c and 2d) and morpholino (2e and 2f) derivatives. The reactions of the asa phosphazenes (3a and 3b) with excess pyrrolidine and morpholine produced gem-2-trans-6-dichloropyrrolidinophosphazenes (3c and 3d) and -morpholinophosphazenes (3e and 3f). However, the fully substituted products were not obtained in these solvents. In addition, the expected fully substituted compound was not obtained from the reaction of 3a with excess pyrrolidine by standard or microwave-assisted methods. The reaction of the long-chain starting compound (1g) with N(4)P(4)Cl(8) gave sas (2g) and the interesting 2,6-ansa-spiro-bicyclo product (bicyclo-2,6-as; 4g), while the reaction of 1h with N(4)P(4)Cl(8) yielded only sas (2h). The structural investigations of the compounds were verified by elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, (1)H, (13)C, and (31)P NMR techniques. The crystal structures of 2b, 3a, 3b, 3e, and 4g were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2a-2h, 3a-3f, and 4g had two stereogenic P atoms. Compound 3b had one enantiomer according to the Flack parameter, and 3f was a racemic mixture, as shown by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and chiral-solvating-agent, (R)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9'-anthryl)ethanol, experiments. Furthermore, compounds 2a, 2c, and 2d exhibited weak antibacterial activity against (G+) bacterium, and 3c and 3d displayed moderate antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis. Gel electrophoresis data demonstrated that 2e, 3c, and 3e promoted the formation of DNA cleavage. The prevention of BamHI digestion by 2a-2f and 3a-3f, except 2b and 2e, disclosed binding with GG nucleotides in DNA.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 23: syntheses, structural investigations, biological activities, and DNA interactions of new N/O spirocyclotriphosphazenes

The Schiff base compounds (1 and 2) are synthesized by the condensation reactions of 2-furan-2-yl-methylamine with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy- and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzaldehydes and reduced with NaBH(4) to give the new N/O-donor-type ligands (3 and 4). The monospirocyclotriphosphazenes containing 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine rings (5 and 6) are prepared from the reactions of N(3)P(3)Cl(6) with 3 and 4, respectively. The reactions of 5 and 6 with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine, and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] decane (DASD) produce tetrapyrrolidino (5a and 6a), morpholino (5b and 6b), and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] deca (5c and 6c) spirocyclotriphosphazenes. The structural investigations of the compounds are examined by (1)H, (13)C, (31)P NMR, DEPT, HSQC, and HMBC techniques. The solid-state structures of 5, 5a, and 6 are determined using X-ray crystallography. The compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, and 6c are subjected to antimicrobial activity against six patojen bacteria and two yeast strains. In addition, interactions between these compounds and pBR322 plasmid DNA are presented by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. 21. Syntheses, structural investigations, biological activities, and DNA interactions of new N/O spirocyclic phosphazene derivatives. The NMR behaviors of chiral phosphazenes with stereogenic centers upon the addition of chiral solvating agents

The reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazatriene, N(3)P(3)Cl(6), with N/O-donor-type N-alkyl (or aryl)-o-hydroxybenzylamines (1a-1e) produce mono- (2a-2e), di- (3a-3d), and tri- (4a and 4b) spirocyclic phosphazenes. The tetrapyrrolidino monospirocyclic phosphazenes (2f-2i) are prepared from the reactions of partly substituted compounds (2a-2d) with excess pyrrolidine. The dispirodipyrrolidinophosphazenes (3e-3h) and trispirophosphazenes (3i-3k) are obtained from the reactions of trans-dispirophosphazenes with excess pyrrolidine and sodium (3-amino-1-propanoxide), respectively. Compounds 3a-3d have cis and trans geometric isomers. Only the trans isomers of these compounds are isolated. Compounds 3a-3h have two stereogenic P atoms. They are expected to be in cis (meso) and trans (racemic) geometric isomers. In the trans trispiro compounds (3i-3k), there are three stereogenic P atoms. They are expected to be in racemic mixtures. The stereogenic properties of 3a-3k are confirmed by (31)P NMR spectroscopy upon the addition of the chiral solvating agent; (S)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9'-anthryl)ethanol. The molecular structures of 3i-3k, 4a, and 4b look similar to a propeller, where the chemical environment of one P atom is different from that of others. Additionally, 4a and 4b are also expected to exist as cis-trans-trans and cis-cis-cis geometric isomers, but both of them are found to be in cis-trans-trans geometries. The solid-state structures of 2a, 2e, 2f, 3e, and 3f are determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k are screened for antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and for antifungal activity against yeast strains. These compounds (except 3f) have shown a strong affinity against most of the bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are determined for 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k. DNA binding and the nature of interaction with pUC18 plasmid DNA are studied. The compounds 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k induce changes on the DNA mobility. The prevention of BamHI and HindIII digestion (except 2g) with compounds indicates that the compounds bind with nucleotides in DNA.