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Zanotti G, Palmeri F, Raglione V. Phthalocyanines Synthesis: A State-of-The-Art Review of Sustainable Approaches Through Green Chemistry Metrics. Chemistry 2024:e202400908. [PMID: 38837556 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by escalating environmental concerns, synthetic chemistry faces an urgent need for a green revolution. Green chemistry, with its focus on low environmental impacting chemicals and minimized waste production, emerges as a powerful tool in addressing this challenge. Metrics such as the E-factor guide the design of environmentally friendly strategies for chemical processes by quantifying the waste generated in obtaining target products, thus enabling interventions to minimize it. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), versatile molecules with exceptional physical and chemical properties, hold immense potential for technological applications. This review aims to bridge the gap between green chemistry and phthalocyanine synthesis by collecting the main examples of environmentally sustainable syntheses documented in the literature. The calculation of the E-factor of a selection of them provides insights on how crucial it is to evaluate a synthetic process in its entirety. This approach allows for a better evaluation of the actual sustainability of the phthalocyanine synthetic process and indicates possible strategies to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Zanotti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
| | - Federica Palmeri
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Venanzio Raglione
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
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Hao P, Liu Y, Dong S, Fan G, Li G, Xie M, Liu Q. Enhanced peroxidase-like activity of 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-octamethoxyphthalocyanine modified CoFe LDH for a sensor array for reducing substances with catechol structure. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:289-301. [PMID: 36352035 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Improving the catalytic activity of artificial nanozymes to realize the real-time detection of small molecules becomes an important task. Herein, a highly active nanozyme, 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-octamethoxyphthalocyanine (Pc(OH)8) modified CoFe LDH microspheres (Pc(OH)8-CoFe LDH) have been prepared by the two-step hydrothermal method. The 3,3',5,5'-tetramylbenzidine (TMB), a chromogenic substrate, was fast oxidized into blue oxTMB by H2O2 in the presence of Pc(OH)8-CoFe LDH, indicating that Pc(OH)8-CoFe LDH possesses high peroxidase-like activity rather than pure CoFe LDH. The enhancement peroxidase-like activity of the Pc(OH)8-CoFe LDH is ascribed to the synergistic action between Pc(OH)8 and CoFe LDH. Experimental results of radical scavenger and fluorescence probe verify that superoxide radical (•O2-) plays an important role during the catalytic reaction. Interestingly, the absorption intensity of reaction system has been enhanced largely, due to adding of the reducing substances containing catechol structure. Based on this, the three reducing substances (dopamine, procyanidin B2, catechins) containing catechol structure were distinguished from other reducing substances without catechol structure. Thus, a colorimetric array has been constructed using reaction time as the sensing element to realize the sensitive and selective recognition of catechol structures at a certain concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanmin Dong
- Shandong Hualu-Hengsheng Chemical Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253024, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaochao Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijiang Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Xie
- Community Health Service Center (University Hospital), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China.
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Youssef TE, Mohamed HH. A simple and effective approach for catalytic reductive dechlorination of aromatic compounds. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient process for the preparation of 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-octa(n-hexyl)cobalt(II)phthalocyanine, ((n-hexyl)8CoPc) (2) was described. The novel cobalt(II)phthalocyanine was characterized by spectroscopic methods. It was employed as a catalyst for the room temperature reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aromatic compounds (CACs). The results were showed that the CACs were completely dechlorinated within 110–120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer E. Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Arcau J, Ferrer M, Aguiló E, Rodríguez L. Rhodium(I) macrocyclic and cage-like structures containing diphosphine bridging ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-016-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reactivity of the magnesium phthalocyanine in dry 3,5-lutidine, in 3,5-lutidine/DMSO and in 3,5-lutidine/acetylacetone systems. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Investigations on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Resins Based on Cu(II)phthalocyanines. INT J POLYM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/461390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work report was reported on the effect of the addition of organic filler, that is, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-octahydroxycopper(II)phthalocyanine [(OH)8CuPc] (3), on the thermal, tensile, and morphological properties of a polyurethane matrix. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal tests together with microstructural characterization of CuPc/PU composites were performed. The three PU composite films containing up to 1, 15, and 30 wt% of CuPc have different behaviors in terms of their morphological issues, thermal properties, and tensile behavior in comparison with the PU film as the reference material. Very high elongations at break from 910% to 1230%, as well as high tensile strengths, illustrate excellent ultimate tensile properties of the prepared samples. The best mechanical and thermomechanical properties were found for the sample filled with 30 wt% of CuPc.
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Auras F, Li Y, Löbermann F, Döblinger M, Schuster J, Peter LM, Trauner D, Bein T. A Zinc Phthalocyanine Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Exhibiting Charge Transfer to Fullerenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:14971-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sharma R, Gulati S, Pandey A. Polyfluorinated–zinc(II)phthalocyanine complex immobilized on silica: A novel, highly selective and recyclable inorganic–organic hybrid catalyst for the synthesis of biologically important 1,5-benzodiazepines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Solvent-free synthesis of novel phthalocyanines containing triazole derivatives under microwave irradiation. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sharma R, Gulati S. Manganese phthalocyanine immobilized on silica gel: Efficient and recyclable catalyst for single-step oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Szigethy G, Shaffer DW, Heyduk AF. Coordination Effects on Electron Distributions for Rhodium Complexes of the Redox-Active Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenolate)amide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12606-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2026076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Géza Szigethy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
United States
| | - David W. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
United States
| | - Alan F. Heyduk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,
United States
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Zimcik P, Novakova V, Kopecky K, Miletin M, Uslu Kobak RZ, Svandrlikova E, Váchová L, Lang K. Magnesium Azaphthalocyanines: An Emerging Family of Excellent Red-Emitting Fluorophores. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4215-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2027016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Biophysics and
Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kopecky
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rabia Zeynep Uslu Kobak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, Technical University of Istanbul, TR34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eva Svandrlikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Váchová
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005,
Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i.,
Husinec-Řež 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
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Seikel E, Oelkers B, Sundermeyer J. Axial Functionalization of Sterically Hindered Titanium Phthalocyanines. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:2709-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ic202749v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Seikel
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Oelkers
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Chauke VP, Arslanoglu Y, Nyokong T. Electrochemical behavior of phthalocyanines containing high oxidation state central metals: Titanium(IV), vanadium(IV), and tantalum(V). Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties of novel mononuclear rhodium(III) phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ogunbayo TB, Nyokong T. Phototransformation of 4-nitrophenol using Pd phthalocyanines supported on single walled carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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