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Fernández-Delgado E, Estirado S, Rodríguez AB, Luna-Giles F, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Espino J, Pariente JA. Cytotoxic Effects of New Palladium(II) Complexes with Thiazine or Thiazoline Derivative Ligands in Tumor Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:696. [PMID: 36840017 PMCID: PMC9963275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of analogs of cisplatin, which is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, using other metal centers could be an alternative for cancer treatment. Pd(II) could be a substitute for Pt(II) due to its coordination chemistry similarity. For that reason, six squared-planar Pd(II) complexes with thiazine and thiazoline ligands and formula [PdCl2(L)] were synthesized and characterized in this work. The potential anticarcinogenic ability of the compounds was studied via cytotoxicity assay in three different human tumor cell lines, i.e., epithelial cervix carcinoma (HeLa), promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937). Data obtained showed that complexes with methyl substitutions did not modify cell viability, while no-methyl substituted compounds had a moderate cytotoxic effect on all three cell lines. The complexes with phenyl substitutions displayed the lowest IC50 values, which ranged between 46.39 ± 3.99 μM and 62.74 ± 6.45 μM. Moreover, Pd accumulation inside the cell was observed after incubation with any of the four complexes mentioned, and the two complexes with phenyl rings were found to induce an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells. These results suggested that the presence of bulky substitutions on the ligands such as phenyl groups may influence the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agents synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Samuel Estirado
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana B. Rodríguez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Coordination Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Coordination Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pariente
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Estirado S, Fernández-Delgado E, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Luna-Giles F, Rodríguez AB, Pariente JA, Espino J. Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Migration Properties of a Thiazoline-Containing Platinum(II) Complex in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Melatonin as a Synergistic Agent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1971. [PMID: 36290694 PMCID: PMC9598564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer insensitive to hormonal and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of convenient anticancer strategies for the management of TNBC. In this paper, we evaluate the antitumoral potential of a platinum(II) complex coordinated with the ligand 2-(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn), hereafter PtDPhPzTn, against the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, and compared its effect with both cisplatin and its less lipophilic counterpart PtPzTn, the latter containing the ligand 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn). Then, the putative potentiating actions of melatonin, a naturally occurring antioxidant with renowned antitumor properties, on the tumor-killing ability of PtDPhPzTn were also checked in TNBC cells. Our results show that PtDPhPzTn presented enhanced cytotoxicity compared to both the classical drug cisplatin and PtPzTn. In addition, PtDPhPzTn was able to induce apoptosis, being more selective for MDA-MB-231 cells when compared to non-tumor breast epithelial MCF10A cells. Likewise, PtDPhPzTn produced moderate S phase arrest and greatly impaired the migration ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Most importantly, the co-stimulation of TNBC cells with PtDPhPzTn and melatonin substantially enhanced apoptosis and markedly improved the anti-migratory action compared to PtDPhPzTn alone. Altogether, our findings provide evidence that PtDPhPzTn and melatonin could be potentially applied to breast cancer treatment as powerful synergistic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Estirado
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Coordination Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Coordination Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana B. Rodríguez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A. Pariente
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Fernández-Delgado E, Estirado S, Espino J, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Luna-Giles F, Rodríguez Moratinos AB, Pariente JA. Influence of ligand lipophilicity in Pt(II) complexes on their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in tumour cell lines. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111688. [PMID: 34922157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used strategies for drug development is the coordination of bioactive ligands to transition metals, which could improve biological activity. Moreover, the incorporation of aromatic groups to ligands may allow an enhanced lipophilicity that can influence the cellular uptake and accumulation of the metallodrugs, thus increasing their activity. Herein, we have reported the synthesis and characterization of four Pt(II) complexes [PtCl2(L)], where L = 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (PzTn), 2-(1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (PzTz), 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPzTn) or 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-1,3-thiazine (DPhPzTz). The study was aimed at analysing their potential anticarcinogenic ability in epithelial cervix carcinoma HeLa, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 tumour cell lines as well as checking whether the structural factors of the organic ligand may influence their biological activity. Our findings showed that PtDPhPzTn and PtDPhPzTz were far more effective in terms of cytotoxicity than their less lipophilic counterparts (PtPzTn and PtPzTz), especially in cells derived from solid cervical tumours, thereby suggesting that modulating the lipophilicity of the ligands can help improve the cytotoxic effect of the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Samuel Estirado
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Espino
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry (Coordination Chemistry Research Group), Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Ana B Rodríguez Moratinos
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A Pariente
- Department of Physiology (Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group), University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Mandal S, Saha R, Saha M, Pradhan R, Butcher RJ, Saha NC. Synthesis, crystal structure, spectral characterization and photoluminescence property of three Cd(II) complexes with a pyrazole based Schiff-base ligand. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Huertas-Sánchez A, Luna-Giles F, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Barros-García F, Bernalte-García A. Copper(II) halide coordination complexes with 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1-pyrazolyl)-2-thiazoline (DPhPyTn): Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Five new mononuclear complexes of 2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine: Synthesis, crystalline architectures through supramolecular interactions and spectroscopy. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Substituent’s size in pyrazole derivative ligands as determining factor on nuclearity in Cu(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Torres-García P, VIÑUelas-Zahínos E, Luna-Giles F, Bernalte-García A. Effects of the substituents of pyrazole/thiazine ligands on nuclearity of Cu(II) nitrate complexes. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.718764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Torres-García
- a Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , University of Extremadura , 06071 Badajoz , Spain
| | - E. VIÑUelas-Zahínos
- a Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , University of Extremadura , 06071 Badajoz , Spain
| | - F. Luna-Giles
- a Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , University of Extremadura , 06071 Badajoz , Spain
| | - A. Bernalte-García
- a Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , University of Extremadura , 06071 Badajoz , Spain
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