1
|
Bates JS, Khamespanah F, Cullen DA, Al-Omari AA, Hopkins MN, Martinez JJ, Root TW, Stahl SS. Molecular Catalyst Synthesis Strategies to Prepare Atomically Dispersed Fe-N-C Heterogeneous Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18797-18802. [PMID: 36215721 PMCID: PMC9888425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategy to integrate atomically dispersed iron within a heterogeneous nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) support, inspired by routes for metalation of molecular macrocyclic iron complexes. The N-C support, derived from pyrolysis of a ZIF-8 metal-organic framework, is metalated via solution-phase reaction with FeCl2 and tributyl amine, as a Brønsted base, at 150 °C. Fe active sites are characterized by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. The site density can be increased by selective removal of Zn2+ ions from the N-C support prior to metalation, resembling the transmetalation strategy commonly employed for the preparation of molecular Fe-macrocycles. The utility of this approach is validated by the higher catalytic rates (per total Fe) of these materials relative to established Fe-N-C catalysts, benchmarked using an aerobic oxidation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Bates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khamespanah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A. Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Abdulhadi A. Al-Omari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa N. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jesse J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thatcher W. Root
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Corresponding Authors
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ishizuka T, Grover N, Kingsbury CJ, Kotani H, Senge MO, Kojima T. Nonplanar porphyrins: synthesis, properties, and unique functionalities. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7560-7630. [PMID: 35959748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00391k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are variously substituted tetrapyrrolic macrocycles, with wide-ranging biological and chemical applications derived from metal chelation in the core and the 18π aromatic surface. Under suitable conditions, the porphyrin framework can deform significantly from regular planar shape, owing to steric overload on the porphyrin periphery or steric repulsion in the core, among other structure modulation strategies. Adopting this nonplanar porphyrin architecture allows guest molecules to interact directly with an exposed core, with guest-responsive and photoactive electronic states of the porphyrin allowing energy, information, atom and electron transfer within and between these species. This functionality can be incorporated and tuned by decoration of functional groups and electronic modifications, with individual deformation profiles adapted to specific key sensing and catalysis applications. Nonplanar porphyrins are assisting breakthroughs in molecular recognition, organo- and photoredox catalysis; simultaneously bio-inspired and distinctly synthetic, these molecules offer a new dimension in shape-responsive host-guest chemistry. In this review, we have summarized the synthetic methods and design aspects of nonplanar porphyrin formation, key properties, structure and functionality of the nonplanar aromatic framework, and the scope and utility of this emerging class towards outstanding scientific, industrial and environmental issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroaki Kotani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group - Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Takahiko Kojima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bengasi G, Baba K, Back O, Frache G, Heinze K, Boscher ND. Reactivity of Nickel(II) Porphyrins in oCVD Processes-Polymerisation, Intramolecular Cyclisation and Chlorination. Chemistry 2019; 25:8313-8320. [PMID: 30939219 PMCID: PMC6771558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative chemical vapour deposition of (5,15‐diphenylporphyrinato)nickel(II) (NiDPP) with iron(III) chloride as oxidant yielded a conjugated poly(metalloporphyrin) as a highly coloured thin film, which is potentially useful for optoelectronic applications. This study clarified the reactive sites of the porphyrin monomer NiDPP by HRMS, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. Unsubstituted meso positions are essential for successful polymerisation, as demonstrated by varying the porphyrin meso substituent pattern from di‐ to tri‐ and tetraphenyl substitution. DFT calculations support the proposed radical oxidative coupling mechanism and explain the regioselectivity of the C−C coupling processes. Depositing the conjugated polymer on glass slides and on thermoplastic transparent polyethylene naphthalate demonstrated the suitability of the porphyrin material for flexible optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bengasi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Back
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas D Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baba K, Bengasi G, El Assad D, Grysan P, Lentzen E, Heinze K, Frache G, Boscher ND. Conductive Directly Fused Poly(Porphyrin) Coatings by Oxidative Chemical Vapour Deposition - From Single- to Triple-Fused. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Baba
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Bengasi
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dana El Assad
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Patrick Grysan
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Esther Lentzen
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Gilles Frache
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Nicolas D. Boscher
- Materials Research and Technology Department; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sinha S, Ghosh M, Warren JJ. Changing the Selectivity of O2 Reduction Catalysis with One Ligand Heteroatom. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khazaei S, Eskandari M, Zakavi S. Computational and experimental insights into the oxidative stability of iron porphyrins: A mono-ortho-substituted iron porphyrin with unusually high oxidative stability. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Khazaei
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Mortaza Eskandari
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Saeed Zakavi
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cioncoloni G, Roger I, Wheatley PS, Wilson C, Morris RE, Sproules S, Symes MD. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Enhances the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite to NO in a Bioinspired Copper Complex. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cioncoloni
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Isolda Roger
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Wheatley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Russell E. Morris
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Sproules
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preparation and infrared spectroelectrochemical studies of five-coordinate (por)Fe(OC(=O)R) compounds (por = TPP, OEP; R = CCl3, CH2Cl). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, cyclic voltammetry investigation and molecular structure of the high-spin manganese(III) trichloroacetato meso -tetraphenylporphyrin and meso -tetra-( para -bromophenyl)porphyrin complexes. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Doble S, Osinski AJ, Holland SM, Fisher JM, Geier GR, Belosludov RV, Ziegler CJ, Nemykin VN. Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Transition-Metal Complexes of Perfluorophenyl-N-Confused Porphyrins: Inverting Electronic Structure through a Proton. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3689-3698. [PMID: 28475333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutral and deprotonated anionic Ni(II), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Cu(III) complexes of tetrakis(perfluorophenyl)-N-confused porphyrin (PF-NCP) were prepared and investigated by UV-visible and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies. As in the previously reported Ni(II) adduct of tetraphenyl N-confused porphyrin, we observe sign reverse (positive to negative intensities with increasing energy) features in the MCD spectra of the neutral Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes of PF-NCP, which is indicative of rare ΔHOMO < ΔLUMO relationships. Upon deprotonation of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) complexes, these features revert to those of more typical porphyrin MCD spectra consistent with a ΔHOMO > ΔLUMO condition. The Cu(III) PF-NCP complex shows features similar to those of the deprotonated divalent metal systems. Spectroscopic features in all target complexes as well as previously published metal-free and Ni(II) NCP systems were correlated with the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. Calculation data are consistent with the tautomeric rearrangement of the electronic structures of NCP cores playing dominant roles, with smaller contribution from the central metal ions in the observed optical and magneto-optical properties. This is true for all described NCP systems to date, as they affect the stabilization/destabilization of the N-confused porphyrin-centered Gouterman orbitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Doble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota-Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Allen J Osinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Shelby M Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Julia M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - G Richard Geier
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University , Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Rodion V Belosludov
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota-Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin S, Diercks CS, Zhang YB, Kornienko N, Nichols EM, Zhao Y, Paris AR, Kim D, Yang P, Yaghi OM, Chang CJ. Covalent organic frameworks comprising cobalt porphyrins for catalytic CO₂ reduction in water. Science 2015; 349:1208-13. [PMID: 26292706 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1325] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) and other value-added carbon products is an important challenge for clean energy research. Here we report modular optimization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which the building units are cobalt porphyrin catalysts linked by organic struts through imine bonds, to prepare a catalytic material for aqueous electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. The catalysts exhibit high Faradaic efficiency (90%) and turnover numbers (up to 290,000, with initial turnover frequency of 9400 hour(-1)) at pH 7 with an overpotential of -0.55 volts, equivalent to a 26-fold improvement in activity compared with the molecular cobalt complex, with no degradation over 24 hours. X-ray absorption data reveal the influence of the COF environment on the electronic structure of the catalytic cobalt centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christian S Diercks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Nikolay Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aubrey R Paris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dohyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|