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Monroe JC, Carvajal MA, Landee CP, Deumal M, Turnbull MM, Wikaira JL, Dawe LN. Approaching the isotropic spin-ladder regime: structure and magnetism of all-pyrazine-bridged copper(II)-based antiferromagnetic ladders. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4653-4667. [PMID: 35212329 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure and magnetic properties of two all-pyrazine-bridged antiferromagnetic spin ladders are reported. The complexes, catena-(bis(3-X-4-pyridone)(μ-pyrazine)copper(II)(-μ-pyrazine)diperchlorate ([Cu(pz)1.5(L)2](ClO4)2 where L = 3-X-4-pyridone and X = Br (1) or Cl (2)), contain copper(II)-based ladders in which both the rung and rail bridges are pyrazine molecules bonded through the x2-y2 orbital of the copper(II) ions. This structural scaffold is proposed to approach the isotropic spin-ladder regime. 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c. Due to the bulk of the 3-X-4-HOpy ligands, the ladders are well isolated in the a-direction (1, 15.6 Å; 2, 15.5 Å). The ladders, which run in the b-direction, are stacked in the c-direction with the separation (1, 7.87 Å; 2, 7.82 Å) between copper(II) ions caused by the bulk of a semi-coordinate perchlorate ion coordinated in the axial position. Computational evaluation of magnetic JAB couplings between Cu-moieties of 2 supports the experimentally proposed magnetic topology and agrees with an isolated isotropic spin-ladder (Jrail = -4.04 cm-1 (-5.77 K) and Jrung = -3.89 cm-1 (-5.56 K)). These complexes introduce a convenient scaffold for synthesizing isotropic spin-ladders with modest superexchange interactions, the strength of which may be tuned by variations in L. The magnetic susceptibility down to 1.8 K, for both compounds, is well described by the strong-rung ladder model giving nearly isotropic exchange with Jrung ≈ Jrail ≈ -5.5 K (1) and -5.9 K (2) using the Hamiltonian. Theoretical simulations of the magnetic response of 2 using the isotropic ladder model are in excellent agreement with experiment. The measured magnetization to 5 T indicates a quantum-dominated magnetic spectrum. Again, calculated lower and saturation (4.3 and 24 T, respectively) critical fields for 2 are consistent with experimental measurements, and magnetization data at very low temperatures indeed suggest the presence of quantum effects. Further, the computational study of short- and long-range spin ordering indicates that a 2D-to-3D crossover might be feasible at lower temperatures. Analysis of the Boltzmann population corroborates the presence of accessible triplet states above the singlet ground state enabling the aforementioned 2D-to-3D crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Monroe
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - M Angels Carvajal
- Dept. Ciència de Materials i Química Física, & IQCTUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Christopher P Landee
- Department of Physics, Clark University 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Mercè Deumal
- Dept. Ciència de Materials i Química Física, & IQCTUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Mark M Turnbull
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
| | - Jan L Wikaira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Ave, Upper Riccarton, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Li H, Li R, Guo F. Tailoring the structures and transformations between copper complexes in gas–solid reactions and solid-state synthesis. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00850h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of unusual structures and transformations between several copper salts and complexes induced in the solid–gas and solid-state reactions were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Ruhui Li
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
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3
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Li H, Famulari A, Xin L, Zhou H, Zhang P, Guo F. Stoichiometry mechanosynthesis and interconversion of metal salts containing [CuCl 3(H 2O)] − and [Cu 2Cl 8] 4−. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00911f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanochemical interconversion of two salts was achieved by the addition of an appropriate amount of one of the corresponding components (HL or CuCl2·2H2O), and the progress of dynamic interconversion was revealed by PXRD, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimca. “Giulio Natta”
- Politecnico di Milano
- 20131 Milan
- Italy
| | - Lianxin Xin
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Fang Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- China
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Farris PC, Wall AD, Chellali JE, Chittim CL, Landee CP, Turnbull MM, Wikaira JL. Copper(II) halide complexes of aminopyridines: Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of [(5CAP)2CuX2] and [(5BAP)nCuX2] (X = Cl, Br). J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1499901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope C. Farris
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Alexander D. Wall
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Chellali
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Carina L. Chittim
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | | | - Mark M. Turnbull
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Jan L. Wikaira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch New Zealand
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5
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Krasinski CA, Solomon BL, Awwadi FF, Landee CP, Turnbull MM, Wikaira JL. Copper(II) halide salts and complexes of 4-amino-2-fluoropyridine: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1278213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Krasinski
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Solomon
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Firas F. Awwadi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mark M. Turnbull
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jan L. Wikaira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of copper(II) complexes of 2-amino-5-trifluoromethylpyridine (5-TFMAP): (5-TFMAP)2CuX2 (X=Cl or Br), (5-TFMAP)3CuBr2 and [(5-TFMAP)2CuBr2](5-TFMAPH)Br. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Solomon BL, Landee CP, Turnbull MM, Wikaira JL. Copper(II) complexes of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoropyridine: syntheses and magnetic properties of (3,5-FCAP)2CuX2 and (3,5-FCAPH)2CuX4. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.893431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Solomon
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark M. Turnbull
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jan L. Wikaira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Polson M, Turnbull MM, Wikaira JL. 2-Amino-5-iodopyridinium bromide hemihydrate and 2-amino-5-iodopyridinium chloride monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:1152-6. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270113020891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrobromide and hydrochloride salts of 2-amino-5-iodopyridine were prepared from aqueous solutions. The hydrobromide salt, C5H6IN2+·Br−·0.5H2O, crystallizes as a hemihydrate, and exhibits hydrogen bonding and π-stacking which stabilize the crystal structure. The hydrochloride salt, C5H6IN2+·Cl−·H2O·0.375HCl, crystallized as the hydrate and exhibits similar hydrogen bonding and π-stacking in the lattice. The most interesting feature of the hydrochloride salt is the presence of an additional fractional HCl molecule which introduces disorder in the location of the water molecule. The additional proton from the fractional HCl molecule is accounted for by the presence of a partial hydronium ion on one of the water sites.
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Landee CP, Turnbull MM. Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Copper(II) Molecular Magnets. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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