1
|
Zanotti G, Palmeri F, Raglione V. Phthalocyanines Synthesis: A State-of-The-Art Review of Sustainable Approaches Through Green Chemistry Metrics. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400908. [PMID: 38837556 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by escalating environmental concerns, synthetic chemistry faces an urgent need for a green revolution. Green chemistry, with its focus on low environmental impacting chemicals and minimized waste production, emerges as a powerful tool in addressing this challenge. Metrics such as the E-factor guide the design of environmentally friendly strategies for chemical processes by quantifying the waste generated in obtaining target products, thus enabling interventions to minimize it. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), versatile molecules with exceptional physical and chemical properties, hold immense potential for technological applications. This review aims to bridge the gap between green chemistry and phthalocyanine synthesis by collecting the main examples of environmentally sustainable syntheses documented in the literature. The calculation of the E-factor of a selection of them provides insights on how crucial it is to evaluate a synthetic process in its entirety. This approach allows for a better evaluation of the actual sustainability of the phthalocyanine synthetic process and indicates possible strategies to improve it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Zanotti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
| | - Federica Palmeri
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Venanzio Raglione
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Özil M, Balaydın HT, Dogan B, Şentürk M, Durdagi S. Efficient, rapid, and high-yield synthesis of aryl Schiff base derivatives and their in vitro and in silico inhibition studies of hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and BuChE. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300266. [PMID: 38593306 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a rapid and efficient synthesis of four novel aryl Schiff base derivatives. Biological activity and molecular modeling studies were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of these compounds on human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) and cholinesterases. The results indicate that the triazole-ring-containing compounds have strong inhibitory effects on hCA I, hCA II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) targets. Besides comparing the Schiff bases synthesized in our study to reference molecules, we conducted in silico investigations to examine how these compounds interact with their targets. Our studies revealed that these compounds can occupy binding sites and establish interactions with crucial residues, thus inhibiting the functions of the targets. These findings have significant implications as they can be utilized to develop more potent compounds for treating the diseases that these target proteins play crucial roles in or to obtain drug precursors with enhanced efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Halis T Balaydın
- Education Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Berna Dogan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Pharmacy Faculty, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Molecular Therapy Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Özil M, Tuzcuoğlu Ö, Emirik M, Baltaş N. Developing a scaffold for urease inhibition based on benzothiazoles: Synthesis, docking analysis, and therapeutic potential. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100200. [PMID: 34545964 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in silico molecular docking, and in vitro urease inhibition studies of a novel series of benzothiazole derivatives are reported. The title compounds in the two series, namely, 2-({5-[(benzothiazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}thio)-1-(4-substituted-phenyl)ethan-1-one and 2-(benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-1-(4-substituted-phenyl)ethan-1-one oxime, were synthesized by the reaction of benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol with different kinds of intermediates in several steps using both conventional and microwave techniques. All compounds were found to have an excellent degree of urease-inhibitory potential ranging between 16.16 ± 0.54 and 105.32 ± 2.10 µM when compared with the standard inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid with IC50 = 320.70 ± 4.24 µM. The structure-activity relationship was established in detail. The binding interactions of the compounds with the enzyme were confirmed through molecular docking. Further, 100 -ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the stability and structural perturbations experienced by the most potent compound over the urease active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özge Tuzcuoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Özil M, Tacal G, Baltaş N, Emirik M. Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Triazole Derivatives as Antioxidant Agents. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190828200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,4- thiadiazole derivatives were prepared starting from ethyl
4-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzoate. Firstly, both ethyl ester groups were
simultaneously transformed into hydrazide groups, then into thiosemicarbazide groups using both microwave-
assisted and conventional methods. The latter products were interacted with NaOH and
H2SO4 to form ring assemblies containing two 1,2,4-triazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole fragments, respectively.
Antioxidant activities of the synthesized compounds were determined with CUPRAC, ABTS,
and DPPH assays. Most of the compounds showed significant antioxidant activity and especially, compound
3 exhibited very good SC50 value for DPPH method and compound 3, 4a, 5a exhibited very high
scavenging activity to the ABTS method. In addition, the in silico analysis was carried out with the
synthesized derivatives to understand the mode of interaction with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
human tyrosine kinase using docking protocols in order to find out the most active antioxidant drug
having high inhibitory activity in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Özil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Güven Tacal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Özil M, Balaydın HT, Şentürk M. Synthesis of 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-one’s aryl Schiff base derivatives and investigation of carbonic anhydrase and cholinesterase (AChE, BuChE) inhibitory properties. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:705-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Balaydın HT, Özil M, Şentürk M. Synthesis and glutathione reductase inhibitory properties of 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one's aryl Schiff base derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800086. [PMID: 29882995 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (GR) is responsible for the existence of the reduced glutathione (GSH) molecule, a crucial antioxidant against oxidative stress reagents. The antimalarial activities of some redox active compounds are attributed to their inhibition of antioxidant flavoenzyme GR, and inhibitors are therefore expected to be useful for the treatment of malaria. In this work, a fast and effective synthesis and the GR inhibitory properties of 5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one's aryl Schiff base derivatives are reported. For this aim, the triazol nucleus was obtained, which was substituted with identical groups: ester, hydrazide, and Schiff base system at the N-2 and N-4 nitrogen atoms. The majority of the reactions were carried out by utilizing both microwave and conventional methods in order to compare their yields and reaction times. Beside this, the occuring E/Z geometrical isomers from the CN double bond and the cis/trans amide conformers at the CONH single bond were studied. In the biological activity section of this work, it was found that all synthesized compounds have better inhibitory activity than N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea against GR; especially, two molecules, 6e and 6f, are the best among them. The evidence indicates that these Schiff base derivatives, with triazole ring, are strong GR inhibitors and novel antimalaria candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Musa Özil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A simple and efficient synthesis of benzimidazoles containing piperazine or morpholine skeleton at C-6 position as glucosidase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:468-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
Özil M, Emirik M, Etlik SY, Ülker S, Kahveci B. A simple and efficient synthesis of novel inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase based on benzimidazole skeleton and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:226-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Nas A. The photo-physicochemical properties of an octa-substituted zinc phthalocyanine containing 1,2,4-triazole moieties. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1161758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asıye Nas
- Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microwave-assisted synthesis and investigation of xanthine oxidase inhibition of new phthalonitrile and phthalocyanines containing morpholino substituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-one. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Microwave-promoted synthesis and biological activity of some 2-hetarylmethyl-4-(4-hetarylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Bamoniri A, Moshtael-Arani N. Nano-Fe3O4 encapsulated-silica supported boron trifluoride as a novel heterogeneous solid acid for solvent-free synthesis of arylazo-1-naphthol derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe3O4@SiO2–BF3 nanoparticles were prepared as a novel solid acid and effectively applied for the solvent-free synthesis of arylazo-1-naphthols at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhamid Bamoniri
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan 87317-51167
- Iran
| | - Naimeh Moshtael-Arani
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Kashan
- Kashan 87317-51167
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kitawat BS, Singh M, Kathalupant Kale R. Solvent free synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and SAR studies of novel (E)-3-aryl-1-(3-alkyl-2-pyrazinyl)-2-propenone. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00308f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|