1
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Zuo W, Xue X, Ma Y, Sun WH. N-(2-(Diphenylphosphino)ethyl)-2-alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinolin-8-amines iron(ii) complexes: structural diversity and the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29866-29878. [PMID: 37842685 PMCID: PMC10568405 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05867k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of N-(2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl)-2-alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-amines was prepared and used in individually reacting with iron chloride under nitrogen atmosphere to form their iron(ii) complexes Fe1-Fe6. All compounds were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, the organic compounds were confirmed with NMR measurements, and the iron complexes were submitted to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing Fe1, Fe2, Fe4, Fe5, and Fe6 as either mono- or di-nuclear forms. Forming a binary system in situ with two equivalents of LiCH2SiMe3, all iron complexes Fe1-Fe6 efficiently initiated the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, achieving the TOF up to 8.8 × 103 h-1. More importantly, the resultant polycaprolactone (PCL) possessed high molecular weights with the Mn range of 9.21-24.3 × 104 g mol-1, being a rare case of the iron(ii) catalyst in producing PCL with such high molecular weight. The 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF investigations demonstrated that the PCLs were linear features capped with a methoxy group or CH2SiMe3 or cyclic structure that varied with the molar ratio of [ε-CL]/Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xiaopan Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wen-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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2
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Iron complexes of [2+2] and [6+6] Schiff-base macrocycles derived from 2,2′-oxydianiline and their applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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3
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Hashmi OH, Capet F, Visseaux M, Champouret Y. Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Substituted Amidomethylpyridine Iron Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Polymerization of rac‐Lactide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid H. Hashmi
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Frederic Capet
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Marc Visseaux
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
| | - Yohan Champouret
- Universite de Lille Faculte des Sciences et Technologies UMR 8181 Campus Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq FRANCE
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4
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Tschan MJL, Gauvin RM, Thomas CM. Controlling polymer stereochemistry in ring-opening polymerization: a decade of advances shaping the future of biodegradable polyesters. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13587-13608. [PMID: 34786575 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent developments in the field of biodegradable polymeric materials intended to replace non-degradable conventional plastics, focusing on studies from the last ten years involving the stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. This encompasses exciting advances in both catalyst design and monomer scope. Notably, the last decade has seen the emergence of metal-free stereocontrolled ROP for instance, as well as the synthesis and stereocontrolled polymerization of new types of chiral monomers. This study will emphasize recent stereoselective polymerization catalysts and chiral monomers and will focus on stereocontrol quantification, the mechanisms of stereocontrol and their differentiation if reported and studied for a specific catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu J-L Tschan
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Régis M Gauvin
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
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5
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Iron-Based Catalytically Active Complexes in Preparation of Functional Materials. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron complexes are particularly interesting as catalyst systems over the other transition metals (including noble metals) due to iron’s high natural abundance and mediation in important biological processes, therefore making them non-toxic, cost-effective, and biocompatible. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis mediated by iron as a transition metal have found applications in many industries, including oxidation, C-C bond formation, hydrocarboxylation and dehydration, hydrogenation and reduction reactions of low molecular weight molecules. These processes provided substrates for industrial-scale use, e.g., switchable materials, sustainable and scalable energy storage technologies, drugs for the treatment of cancer, and high molecular weight polymer materials with a predetermined structure through controlled radical polymerization techniques. This review provides a detailed statement of the utilization of homogeneous and heterogeneous iron-based catalysts for the synthesis of both low and high molecular weight molecules with versatile use, focusing on receiving functional materials with high potential for industrial application.
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6
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Garhwal S, Kaushansky A, Fridman N, Shimon LJW, Ruiter GD. Facile H/D Exchange at (Hetero)Aromatic Hydrocarbons Catalyzed by a Stable Trans-Dihydride N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Iron Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17131-17139. [PMID: 32902969 PMCID: PMC7586338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Earth-abundant
metal pincer complexes have played an important
role in homogeneous catalysis during the last ten years. Yet, despite
intense research efforts, the synthesis of iron PCcarbeneP pincer complexes has so far remained elusive. Here we report the
synthesis of the first PCNHCP functionalized iron complex
[(PCNHCP)FeCl2] (1) and the reactivity
of the corresponding trans-dihydride iron(II) dinitrogen
complex [(PCNHCP)Fe(H)2N2)] (2). Complex 2 is stable under an atmosphere of
N2 and is highly active for hydrogen isotope exchange at
(hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons under mild conditions (50 °C, N2). With benzene-d6 as the deuterium
source, easily reducible functional groups such as esters and amides
are well tolerated, contributing to the overall wide substrate scope
(e.g., halides, ethers, and amines). DFT studies suggest a complex
assisted σ-bond metathesis pathway for C(sp2)–H
bond activation, which is further discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
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7
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Impemba S, Della Monica F, Grassi A, Capacchione C, Milione S. Cyclic Polyester Formation with an [OSSO]-Type Iron(III) Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:141-145. [PMID: 31560149 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient formation of cyclic polyesters from the ring-opening polymerization of lactide, ϵ-caprolactone, and β-butyrolactone catalyzed by a 1,4-dithiabutanedyl-2,2'-bis(4,6-dicumylphenol) [OSSO]-FeCl complex activated with cyclohexene oxide was achieved. The catalyst was very active (initial turnover frequency up to 2718 h-1 ), robust, and worked with a monomer/Fe ratio up to 10 000. The formation of cyclic polymers was supported by using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS, and the average ring size (≈5 kDa for cyclic polylactide) independent of the reaction conditions. A monometallic ring-opening polymerization/cyclization mechanism was proposed from the results of a kinetic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Impemba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Francesco Della Monica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfonso Grassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-, 84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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8
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Marin P, Tschan MJ, Isnard F, Robert C, Haquette P, Trivelli X, Chamoreau L, Guérineau V, del Rosal I, Maron L, Venditto V, Thomas CM. Polymerization of
rac
‐Lactide Using Achiral Iron Complexes: Access to Thermally Stable Stereocomplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12585-12589. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Marin
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Mathieu J.‐L. Tschan
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Florence Isnard
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Carine Robert
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Pierre Haquette
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Univ. LilleCNRS, UMR 8576—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Lise‐Marie Chamoreau
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM-UMR 8232, B.C. 229 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances NaturellesCNRS UPR2301Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Iker del Rosal
- Université de ToulouseINSA, UPS; LPCNO (IRSAMC) 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
- CNRSUMR 5215 (IRSAMC) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de ToulouseINSA, UPS; LPCNO (IRSAMC) 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
- CNRSUMR 5215 (IRSAMC) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Vincenzo Venditto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology A. Zambelli, INSTM Research UnitUniversity of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano, SA Italy
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
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9
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Champouret Y, Hashmi OH, Visseaux M. Discrete iron-based complexes: Applications in homogeneous coordination-insertion polymerization catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Marin P, Tschan MJ, Isnard F, Robert C, Haquette P, Trivelli X, Chamoreau L, Guérineau V, del Rosal I, Maron L, Venditto V, Thomas CM. Polymerization of
rac
‐Lactide Using Achiral Iron Complexes: Access to Thermally Stable Stereocomplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Marin
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Mathieu J.‐L. Tschan
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Florence Isnard
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Carine Robert
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Pierre Haquette
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- Univ. LilleCNRS, UMR 8576—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle 59000 Lille France
| | - Lise‐Marie Chamoreau
- Sorbonne UniversitéCNRS, IPCM-UMR 8232, B.C. 229 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances NaturellesCNRS UPR2301Université Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Iker del Rosal
- Université de ToulouseINSA, UPS; LPCNO (IRSAMC) 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
- CNRSUMR 5215 (IRSAMC) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de ToulouseINSA, UPS; LPCNO (IRSAMC) 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
- CNRSUMR 5215 (IRSAMC) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Vincenzo Venditto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology A. Zambelli, INSTM Research UnitUniversity of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 84084 Fisciano, SA Italy
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- Chimie ParisTechPSL UniversityCNRSInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
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11
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Luna Barros M, Cushion MG, Schwarz AD, Turner ZR, Mountford P. Magnesium, calcium and zinc [N 2N'] heteroscorpionate complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4124-4138. [PMID: 30638242 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of sterically demanding N2N' heteroscorpionate pro-ligands (HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2N(H)R (R = iPr, tBu, Ph, Xyl)) has been prepared via a straightforward modular synthetic route. An extensive study into the synthesis and characterisation of lithium, magnesium, calcium and zinc complexes supported by both 3,5-tBu and 3,5-Me substituted N2N' ligand families has been conducted. Attempted deprotonation of the pro-ligands with nBuLi afforded the corresponding lithium salts Li{HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2NR} (R = iPr (1), tBu (2), Ph (3) and Xyl (4)) but air- and thermal-sensitivity limited the yields of these potentially useful precursors; only the sterically encumbered ligand system allowed clean reactivity. Magnesium methyl complexes Mg{HC(tBu2pz)2SiMe2NR}Me (R = iPr (5) and R = Ph (6)) were prepared using an excess of the Grignard reagent MeMgCl. Magnesium butyl complexes were synthesised in good yields using the dialkyl precursor MgnBu2 to afford Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}nBu (R' = Me; R = iPr (7), tBu (8), Ad (9), Ph (10). R' = tBu; R = iPr (11), Ph (12)). Protonolylsis reactions were used to synthesise magnesium and calcium amide complexes Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiHMe2)2} (R' = Me; R = iPr (13), tBu (14), Ph (15). R' = tBu; R = Ph (16)) or Mg{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiMe3)2} (R' = Me; R = iPr (17), tBu (18), Ph (19). R' = tBu; R = Ph (20)), and Ca{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}{N(SiMe2)2} (L) (R' = Me; L = thf; R = iPr (21), tBu (22), Ph (23). R' = tBu; L = none; R = Ph (24). Zinc methyl complexes Zn{HC(R'2pz)2SiMe2NR}Me (R' = Me; R = iPr (25), tBu (26), Ph (27). R' = tBu; R = Ph (28)) were prepared by reaction of the N2N' heteroscorpionate pro-ligands with ZnMe2. In preliminary studies, magnesium amide complexes 16 and 20 were evaluated as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and rac-lactide (rac-LA). Although the overall polymerisation control was poor, 16 and 20 were found to be active initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna Barros
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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12
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Dou J, Zhu D, Zhang W, Wang R, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Sun WH. Highly efficient iron(II) catalysts toward ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone through in situ initiation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Daneshmand P, Jiménez-Santiago JL, Aragon--Alberti M, Schaper F. Catalytic-Site-Mediated Chain-End Control in the Polymerization of rac-Lactide with Copper Iminopyrrolide Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pargol Daneshmand
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - José L. Jiménez-Santiago
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Maxime Aragon--Alberti
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3T 3J7, Canada
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14
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Jiang Y, Gendy C, Roesler R. Nickel, Ruthenium, and Rhodium NCN-Pincer Complexes Featuring a Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Carbene Central Moiety and Pyridyl Pendant Arms. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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15
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Duan R, Hu C, Li X, Pang X, Sun Z, Chen X, Wang X. Air-Stable Salen–Iron Complexes: Stereoselective Catalysts for Lactide and ε-Caprolactone Polymerization through in Situ Initiation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranlong Duan
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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16
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Delle Chiaie KR, Biernesser AB, Ortuño MA, Dereli B, Iovan DA, Wilding MJT, Li B, Cramer CJ, Byers JA. The role of ligand redox non-innocence in ring-opening polymerization reactions catalysed by bis(imino)pyridine iron alkoxide complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12971-12980. [PMID: 28932853 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iron-based ring opening polymerization catalysts is compared when the catalyst is in three different oxidation states. Formally iron(i) monoalkoxide complexes 3a (p-methoxyphenoxide) and 3b (neopentoxide) supported by bis(imino)pyridine ligands were synthesized and investigated as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization and copolymerization of various monomers. For most monomers, 3a and 3b were superior catalysts compared to analogous, formally iron(ii) and iron(iii) complexes (1a/1b and 2a/2b, respectively) for the ring opening polymerization of various cyclic ester and cyclic carbonate monomers. Experimental and computational investigation into the electronic structures of 3a and 3b revealed that they are most accurately described as containing a high spin iron(ii) center that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a singly reduced bis(imino)pyridine ligand. This electronic structure leads to increased electron density near the metal center without modulating the apparent metal oxidation state, which results in superior catalytic performance for the more highly reduced 3a and 3b compared to the increasingly more oxidized complexes (i.e.1a/1b and 2a/2b, respectively) in ring opening polymerization reactions. These findings have significant ramifications for the emerging field of redox-switchable polymerization catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Delle Chiaie
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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17
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Daneshmand P, Fortun S, Schaper F. Diiminopyrrolide Copper Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and rac-Lactide Polymerization Activity. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pargol Daneshmand
- Centre in Green Chemistry
and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Solène Fortun
- Centre in Green Chemistry
and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Centre in Green Chemistry
and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
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18
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Catalytic Systems for the Production of Poly(lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Hu M, Han F, Zhang W, Ma W, Deng Q, Song W, Yan H, Dong G. Preparation of zirconium and hafnium complexes containing chiral N atoms from asymmetric tertiary amine ligands, and their catalytic properties for polymerization of rac-lactide. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02618d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of Zr and Hf complexes containing chiral N atoms, and their use in polymerization of rac-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Fuzhong Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Qigang Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Weiming Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Qiqihar Environmental Protection Bureau Monitoring Center
- Qiqihar 161005
- China
| | - Guohua Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qiqihar University
- Qiqihar 161006
- China
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20
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Boubakri L, Yasar S, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Bruneau C, Hamdi N, Ozdemir I. Synthesis and catalytic applications of palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as efficient pre-catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new palladium complex series with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyridine and phosphine ligands, PdCl2(L)NHC (2a–c)(L = NHC), PdCl2(L1)NHC(3a–c)(L1 = pyridine), PdCl2(L2)NHC(4a–c)(L2 = triphenylphosphine) was synthesised and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Boubakri
- İnönü University
- Catalysis
- Research and Applied Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
| | - S. Yasar
- İnönü University
- Catalysis
- Research and Applied Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
| | - V. Dorcet
- Université de Rennes
- UMR 6226: CNRS – Université de Rennes1
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - T. Roisnel
- Université de Rennes
- UMR 6226: CNRS – Université de Rennes1
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - C. Bruneau
- Université de Rennes
- UMR 6226: CNRS – Université de Rennes1
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- 35042 Rennes
- France
| | - N. Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09)
- Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology
- University of Carthage
- Hammam-Lif
- Tunisia
| | - I. Ozdemir
- İnönü University
- Catalysis
- Research and Applied Center
- 44280 Malatya
- Turkey
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21
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Chile LE, Ebrahimi T, Wong A, Aluthge DC, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mehrkhodavandi P. Impact of aryloxy initiators on the living and immortal polymerization of lactide. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6723-6733. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This report describes two different methodologies for the synthesis of aryl end-functionalized poly(lactide)s (PLAs) catalyzed by indium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.-E. Chile
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - T. Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - A. Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - D. C. Aluthge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - S. G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - P. Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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22
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Synthesis of di- and trinuclear zinc complexes bearing pyrrole-based ligands and their catalysis toward the ROP of rac-lactides. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Baker TM, Mako TL, Vasilopoulos A, Li B, Byers JA, Neidig ML. Magnetic Circular Dichroism and Density Functional Theory Studies of Iron(II)-Pincer Complexes: Insight into Electronic Structure and Bonding Effects of Pincer N-Heterocyclic Carbene Moieties. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Teresa L. Mako
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department
of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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24
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Huang M, Ma H. Magnesium and Zinc Complexes Supported by N,N,O Tridentate Ligands: Synthesis and Catalysis in the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
rac
‐Lactide and α‐Methyltrimethylene Carbonate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology130 Meilong Road200237ShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryEast China University of Science and Technology130 Meilong Road200237ShanghaiP. R. China
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25
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Kaplan HZ, Mako TL, Wilding MJT, Li B, Byers JA. Electron-donating capabilities and evidence for redox activity in low oxidation state iron complexes bearing bis(amidine)pyrimidylidene ligands. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1176158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilan Z. Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. T. Wilding
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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26
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Daneshmand P, Schaper F. Exploring the reactivity of manganese(III) complexes with diphenolate-diamino ligands in rac-lactide polymerization. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20449-58. [PMID: 26541417 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(III) complexes of tetradentate diphenolate-diamino (NNOO(2-)) ligands were prepared from aerobic reaction of MnCl2 with the respective ligands in basic methanolic solution. Methoxide complexes (NNOO)Mn(OMe)(MeOH)0-1 were obtained for three ligands, while others only provided the respective chloride complexes (NNOO)Mn(Cl)(MeOH). Complexes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction studies and octahedral complexes showed evidence of Jahn-Teller distortions. Magnetic moments determined in MeOD were indicative of high-spin Mn(III)-d(4) complexes (μeff = 4.2-4.6μB). Methoxide complexes were active in the coordination-insertion polymerization of rac-lactide (130 °C, 0.33-1.0 mol% catalyst loading) to yield atactic polylactic acid with moderate molecular weight control. Polymerization activity was reduced, but not suppressed by the presence of protic impurities. Chloride complexes showed less activity and only in the presence of external alcohol, indicative of an activated-monomer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pargol Daneshmand
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3T 3J7, Canada.
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27
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Keuchguerian A, Mougang-Soume B, Schaper F, Zargarian D. Lactide polymerization with iron alkoxide complexes. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the results of a study on the preparation of iron alkoxide complexes chelated by diiminopyridine ligands and their role in the room temperature polymerization of rac-lactide. Reaction of N,N′-(p-R-C6H4CH2)2-diiminopyridines (R = H (1), F (2)) with FeX2 (X = Cl, Br) yielded the homoleptic complexes [(1)2Fe][FeX4] or [(2)2Fe][FeX4], respectively. Treating the latter with Na[BPh4] afforded the anion exchange product [(2)2Fe][BPh4]2, which was characterized by 1H NMR and absorption spectroscopy, combustion analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Various attempts to grow crystals of [(1)2Fe][FeX4] and [(2)2Fe][FeX4] culminated in the isolation of single crystals of [(2)2Fe][Cl6Fe2O] that was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Attempted synthesis of well-defined, mononuclear alkoxide derivatives from [(1)2Fe]2+ or [(2)2Fe]2+ gave mostly intractable products, but in one case we obtained the crystallographically characterized sodium iron cluster Na4Fe2(OC6H4F)8(THF)2. An aryloxide derivative proved accessible by reaction of NaOC6H4F with the mono-ligand precursor LFeCl2 (L = N,N′-dimesityl-diiminopyridine), but characterization of LFe(OC6H4F)2 was limited to a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, owing to unsuccessful attempts at isolating pure samples. The difficulties encountered in the isolation of pure alkoxide derivatives prompted us to use in-situ generated LFe(OEt)2 for studying the polymerization of rac-lactide. This system was found to be moderately active at room temperature and with a slight preference for the formation of a heterotactic polymer (Pr = 0.54–0.65). Large polydispersities of 1.5–2.0 indicated the presence of transesterification side-reactions, which were confirmed by the presence of peaks with m/z = n 144 + M(EtOH) + M(Na+) and m/z = (n + 0.5) 144 + M(EtOH) + M(Na+) in MALDI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arek Keuchguerian
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Berline Mougang-Soume
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Davit Zargarian
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Éduard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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28
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Brown RM, Borau Garcia J, Valjus J, Roberts CJ, Tuononen HM, Parvez M, Roesler R. Ammonia Activation by a Nickel NCN-Pincer Complex featuring a Non-Innocent N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Ammine and Amido Complexes in Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6274-7. [PMID: 25865317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A Ni(0)-NCN pincer complex featuring a six-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) central platform and amidine pendant arms was synthesized by deprotonation of its Ni(II) precursor. It retained chloride in the square-planar coordination sphere of nickel and was expected to be highly susceptible to oxidative addition reactions. The Ni(0) complex rapidly activated ammonia at room temperature, in a ligand-assisted process where the carbene carbon atom played the unprecedented role of proton acceptor. For the first time, the coordinated (ammine) and activated (amido) species were observed together in solution, in a solvent-dependent equilibrium. A structural analysis of the Ni complexes provided insight into the highly unusual, non-innocent behavior of the NHC ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4 (Canada)
| | - Javier Borau Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4 (Canada).,Current address: Secure Energy Services Inc. Bow Valley Sq. 2 1900, 205 5th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2P2V7 (Canada)
| | - Juuso Valjus
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä (Finland)
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä (Finland)
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä (Finland)
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4 (Canada)
| | - Roland Roesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4 (Canada).
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29
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Brown RM, Borau Garcia J, Valjus J, Roberts CJ, Tuononen HM, Parvez M, Roesler R. Ammonia Activation by a Nickel NCN-Pincer Complex featuring a Non-Innocent N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Ammine and Amido Complexes in Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Drake JL, Kaplan HZ, Wilding MJT, Li B, Byers JA. Spin transitions in bis(amidinato)-N-heterocyclic carbene iron(ii) and iron(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16703-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to high spin pyridyl diimine iron(ii) dichloride complexes, analogous bis(amidinato)-N-heterocyclic carbene iron(ii) and iron(iii) complexes demonstrate complex magnetic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Drake
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
| | - Hilan Z. Kaplan
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
| | | | - Bo Li
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
| | - Jeffery A. Byers
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston College
- Chestnut Hill
- USA
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