Novel heteroleptic ruthenium sensitizers containing carbazole linked 4,5-diazafluorene ligand for dye sensitized solar cells

Multimolecular assemblies on high surface area metal oxides and their role in interfacial energy and electron transfer

High surface area metal oxides offer a unique substrate for the assembly of multiple molecular components at an interface.

Ruthenium(ii) complexes incorporating carbazole–diazafluorene based bipolar ligands for dye sensitized solar cell applications

A new type of ruthenium sensitizers, S3 and S4, consisting of carbazole–diazafluorene based bipolar ancillary ligands have been synthesized and characterized for dye sensitized solar cells.

Influence of Ancillary Ligands in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have motivated many researchers to develop various sensitizers with tailored properties involving anchoring and ancillary ligands. Ancillary ligands carry favorable light-harvesting abilities and are therefore crucial in determining the overall power conversion efficiencies. The use of ancillary ligands having aliphatic chains and/or π-extended aromatic units decreases charge recombination and permits the collection of a large fraction of sunlight. This review aims to provide insight into the relationship between ancillary ligand structure and DSSC properties, which can further guide the function-oriented design and synthesis of different sensitizers for DSSCs. This review outlines how the new and rapidly expanding class of chelating ancillary ligands bearing 2,2'-bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, carbene, dipyridylamine, pyridyl-benzimidazole, pyridyl-azolate, and other aromatic ligands provides a conduit for potentially enhancing the performance and stability of DSSCs. Finally, these classes of Ru polypyridyl complexes have gained increasing interest for feasible large-scale commercialization of DSSCs due to their more favorable light-harvesting abilities and long-term thermal and chemical stabilities compared with other conventional sensitizers. Therefore, the main idea is to inspire readers to explore new avenues in the design of new sensitizers for DSSCs based on different ancillary ligands.

Coordination chemistry and applications of versatile 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives

This review article highlights the versatile nature of 4,5-diazafluorene derivatives as ligands, and details some recent advances made using this ligand family.