1
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Brouillet EV, Brown SA, Kennedy AR, Rae A, Walton HP, Robertson SD. Atom-economic access to cationic magnesium complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13332-13338. [PMID: 37671570 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cationic alkaline-earth complexes attract interest for their enhanced Lewis acidity and reactivity compared with their neutral counterparts. Synthetic protocols to these complexes generally utilize expensive specialized reagents in reactions generating multiple by-products. We have studied a simple ligand transfer approach to these complexes using (NacNac)MgR and ER3 (NacNac = β-diketiminate anion; E = group 13 element; R = aryl/amido anion) which demonstrates high atom economy, opening up the ability to target these species in a more sustainable manner. The success of this methodology is dependent on the identity of the group 13 element with the heavier elements facilitating faster ligand exchange. Furthermore, while this reaction is successful with aromatic ligands such as phenyl and pyrrolyl, the secondary amide piperidide (pip) fails to transfer, which we attribute to the stronger 3-centre-4-electron dimerization interaction of Al2(pip)6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V Brouillet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Annabel Rae
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Heather P Walton
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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2
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Structural Characterization of the 1-Metallo-2-t-Butyl-1,2-Dihydropyridyl Rubidium and Caesium Complexes. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Gong X, Deng P, Cheng J. Calcium Mediated C—H Silylation of Aromatic Heterocycles with Hydrosilanes. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Peng Deng
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Renmin Street. No. 5625 130022 Changchun CHINA
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4
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Abstract
The addition of a B-H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized or unpolarized) is a powerful and atom-economic tool for the synthesis of organoboranes. In recent years, s-block organometallics have appeared as alternative catalysts to transition-metal complexes, which traditionally catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated bonds. Because of the recent and rapid development in the field of hydroboration of unsaturated bonds catalyzed by alkali (Li, Na, K) and alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) metals, we provide a detailed and updated comprehensive review that covers the synthesis, reactivity, and application of s-block metal catalysts in the hydroboration of polarized as well as unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Moreover, we describe the main reaction mechanisms, providing valuable insight into the reactivity of the s-block metal catalysts. Finally, we compare these s-block metal complexes with other redox-neutral catalytic systems based on p-block metals including aluminum complexes and f-block metal complexes of lanthanides and early actinides. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical assessment of the state of the art within this highly interesting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcin Szewczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Chemical Science Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Cañadas P, Díaz J, Pérez J, Riera L. Strongly Electron-Donating Triazolylidene Ligands: Cationic Metal Carbonyl Complexes of 1-Methyl-1,2,3-triazole as Triazolium Surrogates. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1254-1258. [PMID: 34990546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for tuning the electronic properties of 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene metal complexes is reported using {Mo(η3-C4H7)(bipy)(CO)2} or {Re(bipy)(CO)3} fragments as substituents at the triazole N3 atom. The reaction of cationic molybdenum(II) and rhenium(I) 1-methyl-1,2,3-triazole compounds with the strong base KN(SiMe3)2 in the presence of electrophilic metal fragments, such as AgOTf (OTf = trifluoromethanesufonate) or [CuCl(IPr)] [IPr = 2,6-(diisopropyl)phenylimidazol-2-ylidene] affords a new type of 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene complexes. For silver(I) cationic bis(triazolylidene), [Ag(tzNHCM)2]OTf (M = [Mo], 2; [Re], 4), complexes are obtained, whereas in the case of Cu(I) mixed normal/mesoionic NHC, [Cu(IPr)(tzNHCM)]OTf (M = [Mo], 7; [Re], 8) complexes are formed. This special type of mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbenes bear a metal fragment at the N3 atom of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety, showing notable enhancement of the carbene electron donor ability compared to conventional alkyl-substituted analogues. Transmetalation from cationic silver bis(triazolylidene) complexes 2 and 4, prepared using this methodology, has proven to be very efficient toward [M'Cl(cod)]2 (M' = Rh, Ir; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), affording the corresponding cationic bis(triazolylidene) [M'(cod)(tzNHCM)2]OTf (9-12) complexes. A subsequent reaction with CO(g) easily produces substitution of the diene ligand, affording the corresponding cis-dicarbonyl [M'(CO)2(tzNHCM)2]OTf (13-16) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purificación Cañadas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 33071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
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6
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Panda TK, Kumar R, Rawal P, Banerjee I, Nayek HP, Gupta P, Panda TK. Catalytic Hydroboration and Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds by HBpin using a Zinc Promoter. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200013. [PMID: 35020275 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the chemoselective hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones, catalyzed by Zinc(II) complexes [ k 2 -(PyCH=NR)ZnX 2 ] [R = CPh 3 , X = Cl ( 1 ) and R = Dipp (2,6-diisoropylphenyl) and X = I ( 2 )], in the presence of pinacolborane (HBpin) in ambient temperature and solvent-free conditions, which produced corresponding boronate esters in high yield, is reported. Zinc metal complexes 1 and 2 were derived in 80-90% yield from the reaction of iminopyridine [PyCH=NR] with anhydrous zinc dichloride in dichloromethane at room temperature. The solid-state structures of both zinc complexes were confirmed using X-ray crystallography. Zinc complex 1 was also used as a competent pre-catalyst in the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with HBpin under mild and solvent-free conditions to afford a high yield (up to 97%) of the corresponding secondary amines. The wider substrate scope of both reactions was explored. Catalytic protocols using zinc as a pre-catalyst demonstrated an atom-economic and green method with diverse substrates bearing excellent functional group tolerance. Computational studies established a plausible mechanism for catalytic hydroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K Panda
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Parveen Rawal
- IIT Roorkee: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Chemistry, Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, INDIA
| | - Indrani Banerjee
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Hari Pada Nayek
- IIT (ISM): Indian Institute of Technology, Chemistry, Dhanbad, 826004, Dhanbad, INDIA
| | - Puneet Gupta
- IIT Roorkee: Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Chemistry, Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, INDIA
| | - Tarun K Panda
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
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7
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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8
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Li M, Liu X, Cui D. Catalytic hydroboration of carbonyl derivatives by using phosphinimino amide ligated magnesium complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13037-13041. [PMID: 34581349 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00143d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of carbonyl derivatives by using Earth-abundant, cheap, and environmentally benign metal-based catalysts through an atom-efficient method is a challenging task. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of dinuclear magnesium complexes 1-3 chelated by a phosphinimino amide skeleton. In combination with pinacolborane (HBpin) as a reducing agent, complex 1 bearing an ortho-methyl substituent on the phenyl ring of the ligand showed excellent reduction capability for a broad range of carbonyl derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Aldehydes, ketones, and acrolein substrates were efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkoxy-borane products with a record high TOF. Besides, acrolein derivatives were exclusively reduced to 1,2-regioselective products. Using two equiv. of HBpin, ester substrates were reduced to two kinds of alkoxy-borane products. Carbonate reduction accomplished by using complex 1 and three equiv. of HBpin afforded diols and a methanol precursor, respectively. When chiral substrates such as (S)-1,2-propanediol carbonate and L-lactide or polymeric P(L-LA) were employed, the chirality was almost retained in their reductive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China. .,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Banerjee I, Panda TK. Recent developments in the reduction of unsaturated bonds by magnesium precursors. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy India
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10
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Arevalo R, López R, Falvello LR, Riera L, Perez J. Building C(sp 3 ) Molecular Complexity on 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline in Rhenium Tricarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:379-389. [PMID: 33001533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [Re(N-N)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf (N-N=2,2'-bipyridine, bipy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) compounds with tBuLi and with LiHBEt3 have been explored. Addition to the N-N chelate took place with different site-selectivity depending on both chelate and nucleophile. Thus, with tBuLi, an unprecedented addition to C5 of bipy, a regiochemistry not accessible for free bipy, was obtained, whereas coordinated phen underwent tBuLi addition to C2 and C4. Remarkably, when LiHBEt3 reacted with [Re(bipy)(CO)3 (PMe3 )]OTf, hydride addition to the 4 and 6 positions of bipy triggered an intermolecular cyclodimerization of two dearomatized pyridyl rings. In contrast, hydride addition to the phen analog resulted in partial reduction of one pyridine ring. The resulting neutral ReI products showed a varied reactivity with HOTf and with MeOTf to yield cationic complexes. These strategies rendered access to ReI complexes containing bipy- and phen-derived chelates with several C(sp3 ) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, 95343, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Larry R Falvello
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
| | - Julio Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN, CSIC- Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Avda. de la Vega 4-6, 33940, El Entrego, Spain
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11
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Okokhere-Edeghoghon B, Dehmel M, Hill MS, Kretschmer R, Mahon MF, McMullin CL, Morris LJ, Rajabi NA. Nucleophilic Magnesium Silanide and Silaamidinate Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13679-13689. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian Dehmel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kretschmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L. McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nasir A. Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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12
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Abstract
Hydroboration of pyridine derivatives at room temperature with earth-abundant and biocompatible magnesium catalysts ligated by phosphinimino amides is developed. Fine turnover frequency (TOF) and distinguished 1,2-regioselectivity have been achieved. The exclusive chemoselective carbonyl hydroboration happens with competitive TOF. A HBpin assisted mechanism is deduced by the reaction rate law, activation parameters, and kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in combination with DFT calculations. To our knowledge, this is the first example of pyridine 1,2-dearomatization by Mg-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bingwen Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Xiufang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
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13
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Rawat S, Bhandari M, Porwal VK, Singh S. Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls Catalyzed by Hydridoborenium Borate Salts: Lewis Acid Activation and Anion Mediated Pathways. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7195-7203. [PMID: 32364748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronically unsaturated three-coordinated hydridoborenium cations [LBH]+[HB(C6F5)3]- (1) and [LBH]+[B(C6F5)4]- (2), supported by a bis(phosphinimino)amide ligand, were found to be excellent catalysts for hydrosilylation of a range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones under mild reaction conditions (L = [{(2,4,6-Me3C6H2N)P(Ph2)}2N]). The key steps of the catalytic cycle for hydrosilylation of PhCHO were monitored via in situ multinuclear NMR measurements for catalysts 1 and 2. The combined effect of carbonyl activation via the Lewis acidic hydridoborenium cation and the hydridic nature of the borate counteranion in 1 makes it a more efficient catalyst in comparison to that of carbonyl activation via the predominant Lewis acid activation pathway operating with catalyst 2. The catalytic cycle of 1 showed hydride transfer from the borate moiety [HB(C6F5)3]- to PhCHO in the first step, forming [PhCH2-O-B(C6F5)3]-, which subsequently underwent σ-bond metathesis with Et3SiH to form the product, PhCH2-O-SiEt3. Quantum chemical calculations also support the borate anion mediated mechanism with 1. In contrast, the reaction catalyzed by 2 proceeds predominantly via the Lewis acid activation of the carbonyl group involving [LB(H)←OC(H)Ph]+[B(C6F5)4]- as the transition state and [LBOCH2Ph]+[B(C6F5)4]- as the intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Rawat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Bhandari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Porwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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14
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Connell TU, Fraser CL, Czyz ML, Smith ZM, Hayne DJ, Doeven EH, Agugiaro J, Wilson DJD, Adcock JL, Scully AD, Gómez DE, Barnett NW, Polyzos A, Francis PS. The Tandem Photoredox Catalysis Mechanism of [Ir(ppy)2(dtb-bpy)]+ Enabling Access to Energy Demanding Organic Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17646-17658. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine L. Fraser
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Milena L. Czyz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zoe M. Smith
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Johnny Agugiaro
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jacqui L. Adcock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | | | - Daniel E. Gómez
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Neil W. Barnett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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15
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Garcia L, Dinoi C, Mahon MF, Maron L, Hill MS. Magnesium hydride alkene insertion and catalytic hydrosilylation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8108-8118. [PMID: 31814958 PMCID: PMC6839609 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-diketiminato magnesium hydride, [(BDI)MgH]]2, reacts with alkenes and catalyses their hydrosilylation with PhSiH3.
The dimeric β-diketiminato magnesium hydride, [(BDI)MgH]2, reacts at 80 °C with the terminal alkenes, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 3-phenyl-1-propene and 3,3-dimethyl-butene to provide the respective n-hexyl, n-octyl, 3-phenylpropyl and 3,3-dimethyl-butyl magnesium organometallics. The facility for and the regiodiscrimination of these reactions are profoundly affected by the steric demands of the alkene reagent. Reactions with the phenyl-substituted alkenes, styrene and 1,1-diphenylethene, require a more elevated temperature of 100 °C with styrene providing a mixture of the 2-phenylethyl and 1-phenylethyl products over 7 days. Although the reaction with 1,1-diphenylethene yields the magnesium 1,1-diphenylethyl derivative as the sole reaction product, only 64% conversion was achieved over a 21 day timeframe. Reactions with the α,ω-dienes, 1,5-hexadiene and 1,7-octadiene, provided divergent results. The initial 5-alkenyl magnesium reaction product of the shorter chain diene undergoes 5-exo-trig cyclisation via intramolecular carbomagnesiation to provide a cyclopentylmethyl derivative, which was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis to exist as a three-coordinate monomer. In contrast, 1,7-octadiene provided a mixture of two compounds, a magnesium oct-7-en-1-yl derivative and a dimagnesium-octane-1,4-diide, as a result of single or two-fold activation of the terminal C
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C double bonds. The magnesium hydride was unreactive towards internal alkenes apart from the strained bicycle, norbornene, allowing the characterisation of the resultant three-coordinate magnesium norbornyl derivative by X-ray diffraction analysis. Computational analysis of the reaction between [(BDI)MgH]2 and 1-hexene using density functional theory (DFT) indicated that the initial Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion process is rate determining and takes place at the intact magnesium hydride dimer. This exothermic reaction (ΔH = –14.1 kcal mol–1) traverses a barrier of 18.9 kcal mol–1 and results in the rupture of the dinuclear structure into magnesium alkyl and hydride species. Although the latter three-coordinate hydride derivative may be prone to redimerisation, it can also provide a further pathway to magnesium alkyl species through its direct reaction with a further equivalent of 1-hexene, which occurs via a lower barrier of 15.1 kcal mol–1. This Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion reactivity provides the basis for the catalytic hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes with PhSiH3, which proceeds with a preference for the formation of the anti-Markovnikov organosilane product. Further DFT calculations reveal that the catalytic reaction is predicated on a sequence of Mg–H/C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion and classical Si–H/Mg–C σ-bond metathesis reactions, the latter of which, with a barrier height of 24.9 kcal mol–1, is found to be rate determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS , INSA , UPS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS , INSA , UPS , UMR 5215 , LPCNO , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , F-31077 Toulouse , France
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath , BA2 7AY , UK .
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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17
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Espinal‐Viguri M, Fombona S, Álvarez D, Díaz J, Menéndez MI, López R, Pérez J, Riera L. Regiochemistry Control by Bipyridine Substituents in the Deprotonation of Re
I
and Mo
II
N
‐Alkylimidazole Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:9253-9265. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Espinal‐Viguri
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Sergio Fombona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Física y AnalíticaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Extremadura Avda. de la Universidad s/n. 10071 Cáceres Spain
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y AnalíticaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y AnalíticaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINNCSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias Avda. de la Vega 4–6 33940 El Entrego Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e InorgánicaUniversidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINNCSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias Avda. de la Vega 4–6 33940 El Entrego Spain
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18
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Ren W, Zhang S, Xu Z, Ma X. Reactivity of a β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complex toward small molecules. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3109-3115. [PMID: 30768120 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the magnesium alkyl {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(nBu)}2 (1) toward various small molecules provides access to a variety of magnesium derivatives. For example, the insertion of elemental chalcogens (S8 and Se8) into the Mg-C bond of complex 1 gives the dimeric magnesium thiolate {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-SnBu)}2 (2), magnesium selenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(SenBu)(THF) (3), and magnesium diselenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(Se2nBu)(THF) (4). Meanwhile, compound 4 can be readily obtained by further insertion of one selenium atom into complex 3. Moreover, the reactions of complex 1 with diphenyl dichalcogenides (PhSSPh and PhSeSePh) by σ bond metathesis afford the corresponding magnesium phenyl chalcogenolates [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(EPh)(THF) (E = S 5, Se 6) concomitant with PhEnBu release. Furthermore, the treatment of complex 1 with benzonitrile and phenyl isothiocyanate produces the serendipitous magnesium-1-azaallyl complex [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(N(H)C(Ph)[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC3H7)(DME) (7) and the diimino-thioamidato magnesium compound {κ3-N,N',N''-(ArNCMe)2[N(Ph)CS]CH}Mg[(Ph)NC(nBu)S] (8) (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). In addition, deprotonation occurs between compound 1 and 1-methylimidazole to generate the imidazolyl complex {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-Im)}2 (9) (Im = 2-N-methylimidazolyl). These results indicated that the butylmagnesium complex 1 possesses high activity toward small molecules and revealed several unusual transformations. All the new compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, and their solid-state structures were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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19
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Lemmerz LE, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Wong A, Ménard G, Maron L, Okuda J. Cationic magnesium hydride [MgH]+ stabilized by an NNNN-type macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3199-3202. [PMID: 30801600 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A magnesium hydride cation [(L)MgH]+ supported by a macrocyclic ligand (L = Me4TACD; 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) has been shown to react with Lewis acids as well as with unsaturated substrates including pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E. Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Gabriel Ménard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | | | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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20
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Mukherjee D, Schuhknecht D, Okuda J. Hydrido Complexes of Calcium: A New Family of Molecular Alkaline-Earth-Metal Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9590-9602. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Danny Schuhknecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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21
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Mukherjee D, Schuhknecht D, Okuda J. Hydrido-Komplexe des Calciums: eine neue Familie molekularer Erdalkalimetall-Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Danny Schuhknecht
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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22
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Lemmerz LE, McLellan R, Judge NR, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Uzelac M, Hevia E, Robertson SD, Okuda J, Mulvey RE. Donor-influenced Structure-Activity Correlations in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Lithium Monoamido-Monohydrido-Dialkylaluminates. Chemistry 2018; 24:9940-9948. [PMID: 29697160 PMCID: PMC6055685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic monoamido‐monohydrido‐dialkylaluminate complexes of general formula [iBu2AlTMPHLi⋅donor] were synthesized and characterised in solution and in the solid state. Applying these complexes in catalytic hydroboration reactions with representative aldehydes and ketones reveals that all are competent, however a definite donor substituent effect is discernible. The bifunctional nature of the complexes is also probed by assessing their performance in metallation of a triazole and phenylacetylene and addition across pyrazine. These results lead to an example of phenylacetylene hydroboration, which likely proceeds via deprotonation, rather than insertion as observed with the aldehydes and ketones. Collectively, the results emphasise that reactivity is strongly influenced by both the mixed‐metal constitution and mixed‐ligand constitution of the new aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Neil R Judge
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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23
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Liu Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Li W, Ding Y, Zhong M, Ma X, Yang Z. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of aluminum and Tin(II) compounds supported by β-diketiminato ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Lemmerz LE, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. 1,4-Dihydropyridyl complexes of magnesium: synthesis by pyridine insertion into the magnesium–silicon bond of triphenylsilyls and catalytic pyridine hydrofunctionalization. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12553-12561. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01466c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium triphenylsilyl complexes [Mg(SiPh3)2(THF)2] and [(Me3TACD)Mg(SiPh3)] ((Me3TACD)H = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) serve as precursors for 1,4-dihydropyridyl complexes of magnesium which are active in the hydroboration of pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - T. P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - J. Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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25
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Mukherjee D, Okuda J. Molecular Magnesium Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1458-1473. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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27
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McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Orr SA, Robertson SD. 1-Alkali-metal-2-alkyl-1,2-dihydropyridines: Soluble Hydride Surrogates for Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling and Hydroboration Applications. Chemistry 2017; 23:16853-16861. [PMID: 28940713 PMCID: PMC5820744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Equipped with excellent hydrocarbon solubility, the lithium hydride surrogate 1-lithium-2-tert-butyl-1,2-dihydropyridine (1tLi) functions as a precatalyst to convert Me2 NH⋅BH3 to [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (89 % conversion) under competitive conditions (2.5 mol %, 60 h, 80 °C, toluene solvent) to that of previously reported LiN(SiMe3 )2 . Sodium and potassium dihydropyridine congeners produce similar high yields of [NMe2 BH2 ]2 but require longer times. Switching the solvent to pyridine induces a remarkable change in the dehydrocoupling product ratio, with (NMe2 )2 BH favoured over [NMe2 BH2 ]2 (e.g., 94 %:2 % for 1tLi). Demonstrating its versatility, precatalyst 1tLi was also successful in promoting hydroboration reactions between pinacolborane and a selection of aldehydes and ketones. Most reactions gave near quantitative conversion to the hydroborated products in 15 minutes, though sterically demanding carbonyl substrates require longer times. The mechanisms of these rare examples of Group 1 metal-catalysed processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Samantha A. Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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28
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Rauch M, Ruccolo S, Parkin G. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Terminal Magnesium Hydride Compound with a Carbatrane Motif, [Tism PriBenz]MgH: A Multifunctional Catalyst for Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13264-13267. [PMID: 28901762 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The tris[(1-isopropylbenzimidazol-2-yl)dimethylsilyl)]methyl ligand, [TismPriBenz], has been employed to form the magnesium carbatrane compound, [TismPriBenz]MgH, which possesses a terminal hydride ligand. Specifically, [TismPriBenz]MgH is obtained via the reaction of [TismPriBenz]MgMe with PhSiH3. The reactivity of [TismPriBenz]MgMe and [TismPriBenz]MgH allows access to a variety of other structurally characterized carbatrane derivatives, including [TismPriBenz]MgX [X = F, Cl, Br, I, SH, N(H)Ph, CH(Me)Ph, O2CMe, S2CMe]. In addition, [TismPriBenz]MgH is a catalyst for (i) hydrosilylation and hydroboration of styrene to afford the Markovnikov products, Ph(Me)C(H)SiH2Ph and Ph(Me)C(H)Bpin, and (ii) hydroboration of carbodiimides and pyridine to form N-boryl formamidines and N-boryl 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
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29
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Xie H, Liu X, Cui D. Regioselective Ring Opening Reactions of Pyridine N-Oxide Analogues by Magnesium Hydride Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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30
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Ying S, Zhang J, Zeng L, Shi J, Wu L. Bayesian inference for kinetic models of biotransformation using a generalized rate equation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:287-296. [PMID: 28279533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selecting proper rate equations for the kinetic models is essential to quantify biotransformation processes in the environment. Bayesian model selection method can be used to evaluate the candidate models. However, comparisons of all plausible models can result in high computational cost, while limiting the number of candidate models may lead to biased results. In this work, we developed an integrated Bayesian method to simultaneously perform model selection and parameter estimation by using a generalized rate equation. In the approach, the model hypotheses were represented by discrete parameters and the rate constants were represented by continuous parameters. Then Bayesian inference of the kinetic models was solved by implementing Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation for parameter estimation with the mixed (i.e., discrete and continuous) priors. The validity of this approach was illustrated through a synthetic case and a nitrogen transformation experimental study. It showed that our method can successfully identify the plausible models and parameters, as well as uncertainties therein. Thus this method can provide a powerful tool to reveal more insightful information for the complex biotransformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ying
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingzao Zeng
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jiachun Shi
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Laosheng Wu
- College of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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31
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Ma M, Li J, Shen X, Yu Z, Yao W, Pullarkat SA. Sterically bulky amido magnesium methyl complexes: syntheses, structures and catalysis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure and catalysis of a series of sterically bulky amidomagnesium methyl complexes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Ma
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchao Shen
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Yu
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- College of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Sumod A. Pullarkat
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
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32
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Xu D, Shan C, Li Y, Qi X, Luo X, Bai R, Lan Y. Bond dissociation energy controlled σ-bond metathesis in alkaline-earth-metal hydride catalyzed dehydrocoupling of amines and boranes: a theoretical study. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline-earth-metal could catalyse the dehydrocoupling procedure of N–H and B–H bond due to the low Ae–H bond energy. The direct σ-bond metathesis procedure is proved to be unfavourable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
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33
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Arévalo R, Menéndez MI, López R, Merino I, Riera L, Pérez J. Nucleophilic Additions to Coordinated 1,10-Phenanthroline: Intramolecular, Intermolecular, Reversible, and Irreversible. Chemistry 2016; 22:17972-17975. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arévalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Isabel Merino
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear; Servicios Científico-Técnicos de la Universidad de Oviedo; Fernando Bongera s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN); CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Avda. de la Vega 4-6 33940 El Entrego Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología (CINN); CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Avda. de la Vega 4-6 33940 El Entrego Spain
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Fombona S, Espinal-Viguri M, Huertos MA, Díaz J, López R, Menéndez MI, Pérez J, Riera L. Activation of Aromatic C−C Bonds of 2,2’-Bipyridine Ligands. Chemistry 2016; 22:17160-17164. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fombona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Maialen Espinal-Viguri
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Miguel A. Huertos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Extremadura; Avda. de la Universidad s/n. 10071 Cáceres Spain
| | - Ramón López
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - M. Isabel Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN; CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Avda. de la Vega, 4-6. 33940 El Entrego Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica; Universidad de Oviedo; C/Julián Clavería, 8. 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía Riera
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriales y Nanotecnología-CINN; CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Avda. de la Vega, 4-6. 33940 El Entrego Spain
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Causero A, Ballmann G, Pahl J, Zijlstra H, Färber C, Harder S. Stabilization of Calcium Hydride Complexes by Fine Tuning of Amidinate Ligands. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Causero
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harmen Zijlstra
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic
Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Fohlmeister L, Stasch A. Ring-Shaped Phosphinoamido-Magnesium-Hydride Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivity, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:10235-46. [PMID: 27271460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of magnesium(II) complexes bearing the sterically demanding phosphinoamide ligand, L(-) =Ph2 PNDip(-) , Dip=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, including heteroleptic magnesium alkyl and hydride complexes are described. The ligand geometry enforces various novel ring and cluster geometries for the heteroleptic compounds. We have studied the stoichiometric reactivity of [(LMgH)4 ] towards unsaturated substrates, and investigated catalytic hydroborations and hydrosilylations of ketones and pyridines. We found that hydroborations of two ketones with pinacolborane using various Mg precatalysts is very rapid at room temperature with very low catalyst loadings, and ketone hydrosilylation using phenylsilane is rapid at 70 °C. Our studies point to an insertion/σ-bond metathesis catalytic cycle of an in situ formed "MgH2 " active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fohlmeister
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Stasch
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 17 Rainforest Walk, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia. .,School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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Hill MS, Liptrot DJ, Weetman C. Alkaline earths as main group reagents in molecular catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:972-88. [PMID: 26797470 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed some remarkable advances in our appreciation of the structural and reaction chemistry of the heavier alkaline earth (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) elements. Derived from complexes of these metals in their immutable +2 oxidation state, a broad and widely applicable catalytic chemistry has also emerged, driven by considerations of cost and inherent low toxicity. The considerable adjustments incurred to ionic radius and resultant cation charge density also provide reactivity with significant mechanistic and kinetic variability as group 2 is descended. In an attempt to place these advances in the broader context of contemporary main group element chemistry, this review focusses on the developing state of the art in both multiple bond heterofunctionalisation and cross coupling catalysis. We review specific advances in alkene and alkyne hydroamination and hydrophosphination catalysis and related extensions of this reactivity that allow the synthesis of a wide variety of acyclic and heterocyclic small molecules. The use of heavier alkaline earth hydride derivatives as pre-catalysts and intermediates in multiple bond hydrogenation, hydrosilylation and hydroboration is also described along with the emergence of these and related reagents in a variety of dehydrocoupling processes that allow that facile catalytic construction of Si-C, Si-N and B-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Geier SJ, Vogels CM, Westcott SA. Current Developments in the Catalyzed Hydroboration Reaction. BORON REAGENTS IN SYNTHESIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1236.ch006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Geier
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G8, Canada
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