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Cáceres-Vásquez J, Jara DH, Costamagna J, Martínez-Gómez F, Silva CP, Lemus L, Freire E, Baggio R, Vera C, Guerrero J. Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:825-838. [PMID: 36686905 PMCID: PMC9810106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of six new Cu(i) complexes with ([Cu(N-{4-R}pyridine-2-yl-methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) formulation, where R corresponds to a donor or acceptor p-substituent, have been synthesized and were used to study self-association effects on their structural and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction results showed that in all complexes the packing is organized from a dimer generated by supramolecular π stacking and hydrogen bonding. 1H-NMR experiments at several concentrations showed that all complexes undergo a fast-self-association monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution, while changes in resonance frequency towards the high or low field in specific protons of the imine ligand allow establishing that dimers have similar structures to those found in the crystal. The thermodynamic parameters for this self-association process were calculated from dimerization constants determined by VT-1H-NMR experiments for several concentrations at different temperatures. The values for K D (4.0 to 70.0 M-1 range), ΔH (-1.4 to -2.6 kcal mol-1 range), ΔS (-0.2 to 2.1 cal mol-1 K-1 range), and ΔG 298 (-0.8 to -2.0 kcal mol-1 range) are of the same order and indicate that the self-dimerization process is enthalpically driven for all complexes. The electrochemical profile of the complexes shows two redox Cu(ii)/Cu(i) processes whose relative intensities are sensitive to concentration changes, indicating that both species are in chemical equilibrium, with the monomer and the dimer having different electrochemical characteristics. We associate this behaviour with the structural lability of the Cu(i) centre that allows the monomeric molecules to reorder conformationally to achieve a more adequate assembly in the non-covalent dimer. As expected, structural properties in the solid and in solution, as well as their electrochemical properties, are not correlated with the electronic parameters usually used to evaluate R substituent effects. This confirms that the properties of the Cu(i) complexes are usually more influenced by steric effects than by the inductive effects of substituents of the ligands. In fact, the results obtained showed the importance of non-covalent intermolecular interactions in the structuring of the coordination geometry around the Cu centre and in the coordinative stability to avoid dissociative equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Cáceres-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Danilo H. Jara
- Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezAv. Padre Hurtado 750Viña del MarChile
| | - Juan Costamagna
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Carlos P. Silva
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Eleonora Freire
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina and Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos AiresArgentina,Member of CONICETArgentina
| | - Ricardo Baggio
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Cristian Vera
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
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2
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Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
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Garba HW, Abdullahi MS, Jamil MSS, Endot NA. Efficient Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol Using Copper(II) Complexes with N,O-Chelating Schiff Base Ligands. Molecules 2021; 26:5876. [PMID: 34641418 PMCID: PMC8510295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride was used as a model to test the catalytic activity of copper(II) complexes containing N,O-chelating Schiff base ligands. In this study, a series of copper(II) complexes containing respective Schiff base ligands, N'-salicylidene-2-aminophenol (1), N'-salicylidene-2-aminothiazole (2), and N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine (3), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Visible (UV-Vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. The results from the 4-nitrophenol reduction showed that 3 has the highest catalytic activities with 97.5% conversion, followed by 2 and 1 with 95.2% and 90.8% conversions, respectively. The optimization of the catalyst amount revealed that 1.0 mol% of the catalyst was the most optimized amount with the highest conversion compared to the other doses, 0.5 mol% and 1.5 mol%. Recyclability and reproducibility tests confirmed that all three complexes were active, efficient, and possess excellent reproducibility with consistent catalytic performances and could be used again without a major decrease in the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Wafi Garba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bharu 81310, Malaysia; (H.W.G.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Adamawa State University Mubi, Mubi PMB 25, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Sabiu Abdullahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bharu 81310, Malaysia; (H.W.G.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohamad Shazwan Shah Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bharu 81310, Malaysia; (H.W.G.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Nor Azam Endot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Pathaw L, Khamrang T, Selvakumaran B, Murali M, Arul Prakash P, Mohamed Jaabir MS, Velusamy M. Synthesis, structure, characterization and biological evaluation of 3‐substituted 1‐pyridin‐2‐ylimidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridine‐based copper(I)–phosphine complexes for anticancer drug screening. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larica Pathaw
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
| | | | - Balasubramaniam Selvakumaran
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Mariappan Murali
- Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Pitchan Arul Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology National College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli India
| | | | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry North‐Eastern Hill University Shillong India
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Kumar M, Kishor S, Kumar A, Bhagi A, John RP. Structural characterisation and theoretical study of a dinuclear copper(II) complex bridged by meta-phenylenediiminophenolate moiety. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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More M, Joshi P, Mishra Y, Khanna P. Metal complexes driven from Schiff bases and semicarbazones for biomedical and allied applications: a review. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2019; 14:100195. [PMID: 32289101 PMCID: PMC7110249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases are versatile organic compounds which are widely used and synthesized by condensation reaction of different amino compound with aldehydes or ketones known as imine. Schiff base ligands are considered as privileged ligands as they are simply synthesized by condensation. They show broad range of application in medicine, pharmacy, coordination chemistry, biological activities, industries, food packages, dyes, and polymer and also used as an O2 detector. Semicarbazone is an imine derivative which is derived from condensation of semicarbazide and suitable aldehyde and ketone. Imine ligand-containing transition metal complexes such as copper, zinc, and cadmium have shown to be excellent precursors for synthesis of metal or metal chalcogenide nanoparticles. In recent years, the researchers have attracted enormous attention toward Schiff bases, semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, and their metal complexes owing to numerous applications in pharmacology such as antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antituberculosis, anticancer, anti-HIV, catalytic application in oxidation of organic compounds, and nanotechnology. In this review, we summarize the synthesis, structural, biological, and catalytic application of Schiff bases as well as their metal complexes.
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Key Words
- 2,6-DAPBPTSC, 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
- 35-DTBP, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol
- 3CLpro, 3C-like protease
- ATNR, Amine terminated liquid natural rubber
- ATT, 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone
- BBPT, Biacetyl bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)
- BBTSC, Benzyloxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
- BCG, Bacillus calmette-guérine
- BDT, Benzyldithiosemicarbazone
- BGPT, Bipyridyl glyoxal bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)
- BMTS, Biacetyl monothiosemicarbazone
- Biological/biomedical activities
- Bipy, 2,2-bipyridine
- CT DNA, Calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid
- DAPY, 2,3-diamino-pyridine
- DTBP, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
- DTBQ, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4,4′-benzoquinone
- EAC, Enrichlish Ascitices Cells
- HEK-293, Human Embryonic Kidney cells
- HL-60, Human leukemia-60 cell line
- HeLa, immortal cell lines
- HepG2, Hepatic cellular carcinoma cells (Human liver cancer cell line)
- IgG, Immunoglobin G
- K B HCT-8, Human colon cancer cell line
- M-IBDET, N-methylisatin-β-4′,4′-diethylthiosemicarbazone
- MCF-7, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7
- MCF7 cells, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (breast cancer cell line)
- MHV, Mouse hepatitis virus
- MLV, Moloney leukemia virus
- MSOPD, N,N-bis(3-methylsalicylidene)-ortho-phenylenediamine
- Metal complexes
- NQSC, Naphthoquinone semicarbazone
- NQTS, ortho-Naphthoquinone thiosemicarbazone
- OLED, Organic light emitting diode
- PAS, p-amino salicylic acid
- PPTS, Picolinealdehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
- Phen, 1,10-phenanthroline
- SARS CoV, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus
- SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SB-HAG, Schiff bases of hydroxyamino guanidines
- SK-MEL-30, Human Melanoma Cell Line
- SK-OV-3 cells, Ovarian cancer cell line
- SSB-HAG, salicylaldehyde Schiff bases of HAG
- Schiff base
- Semicarbazone
- TCIDw, Tissue culture Infective Dose
- TTBDQ, 3,5,3′,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone
- VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus
- scCO2, Super-critical carbon dioxide
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. More
- Nanochemistry/QDs R & D Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), Ministry of Defence, DRDO, Government of India, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India
| | - P.G. Joshi
- Nanochemistry/QDs R & D Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), Ministry of Defence, DRDO, Government of India, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India
| | - Y.K. Mishra
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstrasse. 2, Kiel, 24143, Germany
- NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - P.K. Khanna
- Nanochemistry/QDs R & D Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), Ministry of Defence, DRDO, Government of India, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, India
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Cu(I) complexes with thiosemicarbazides derived from p-toluenesulfohydrazide: Structural, luminescence and biological studies. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Synthesis of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with phosphine-functionalized thiosemicarbazones: An efficient catalyst for regioselective N -alkylation reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Devkule SS, Chavan SS. Copper(I) complexes of 2-(benzen-1-yl)methyleneamino-3-aminomaleonitrile and triphenylphosphine ligands: synthesis, characterization, luminescence and catalytic properties. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-017-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Synthesis and structural characterization of new heteroleptic copper(I) complexes based on mixed phosphine/thiocarbamoyl-pyrazoline ligands. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chavan SS, Pawal SB, More MS, Willis AC. Copper(I) Complexes of N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(4-Nitrobenzylidenyl)Hydrazinyl]Carbonyl}Phenyl)Benzamide and Triphenylphosphine: Synthesis, Characterization and Luminescence Properties. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:2033-2040. [PMID: 27524379 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Copper(I) complexes of the formula [Cu(L)(PPh3)2]X (1-4) (X = Cl(1), ClO4(2), BF4(3) and PF6(4)) [where L = N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(4-nitrobenzylidenyl)hydrazinyl]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide; PPh3 = triphenylphosphine] have been prepared by the condensation of N-[2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)phenyl]benzamide with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde followed by the reaction with CuCl, [Cu(MeCN)4]ClO4, [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 and [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 in presence of triphenylphosphine as a coligand. Complexes 1-4 were then characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, UV-visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Mononuclear copper(I) complexes 1-4 were formed with L in its keto form by involvement of azomethine nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen along with two PPh3 groups. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of the representative complex [(Cu(L)(PPh3)2]CIO4 (2) reveals a distorted tetrahedral geometry around Cu(I). Crystal data of (2): space group = C2/c, a = 42.8596 (9) Å, b = 14.6207 (3) Å, c = 36.4643 (7) Å, V = 20,653.7 (7) Å3, Z = 16. Complexes 1-4 exhibit quasireversible redox behaviour corresponding to a Cu(I)/Cu(II) couple. All complexes show blue-green emission as a result of fluorescence from an intra-ligand charge transition (ILCT), ligand to ligand charge transfer transition (LLCT) or mixture of both. Significant increase in size of the counter anion shows marked effect on quantum efficiency and lifetime of the complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chavan
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, (MS), 416004, India.
| | - S B Pawal
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, (MS), 416004, India
| | - M S More
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, (MS), 416004, India
| | - A C Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Ravaro LP, Almeida TR, Albuquerque RQ, de Camargo ASS. The polynuclear complex Cu4I4py4 loaded in mesoporous silica: photophysics, theoretical investigation, and highly sensitive oxygen sensing application. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17652-17661. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polynuclear complex Cu4I4py4 has been largely studied in solution and in the powder form due to its interesting luminescent properties, which are largely dependent on temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro P. Ravaro
- São Carlos Institute of Physics
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Tiago. R. Almeida
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
- Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF Liverpool
- UK
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry
- University of São Paulo
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