Mono- and dinuclear gadolinium(III) complexes of tris(4-carboxy-3-benzyl-3-azabutyl) amine: Synthesis and relaxation properties

Isolated Spin-7/2 Species of Gadolinium (III) Chelate Complexes on the Surface of 5-nm Diamond Particles

The magnetic characteristics of a system of triply charged gadolinium ions Gd³⁺ chelated with carboxyls on the surface of detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles have been studied. Gd³⁺ ions demonstrate almost perfect spin (S = 7/2) paramagnetism with negligible antiferromagnetic interaction between spins (Weiss temperature about -0.35 K) for a wide range of concentrations up to ~18 ions per 5 nm particle. The study of the concentration dependence of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal for DND intrinsic defects with spin ½ (g = 2.0027) shows that Gd³⁺ ions are located on average at a distance of no more than 1.4 nm from shallow subsurface defects with spin ¹/₂. At the same time, they are located (according to density functional theory calculations) at a distance of about or at least 0.28 nm from the particle surface. Magnetic studies also confirm the isolated nature of the gadolinium chelate complexes on the surface of DND particles. DND particles turn out to be an optimal carrier for high-spin 4f- ions (gadolinium) in a highly concentrated isolated state. This property makes DND-Gd particles a candidate for the role of a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.