Structural, spectral, electrochemical and DFT studies of two mononuclear manganese(II) and zinc(II) complexes

Novel Zinc(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of 2-((2-Hydroxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carbaldehyde for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities: A Combined Experimental, DFT, and Docking Studies

In the present work, two novel complexes of zinc(II) and copper(II) were synthesized from the ligand 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (H ₂ L) in a 1:2 metal-to-ligand ratio in methanol. The complexes were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The spectral data revealed that the mono-deprotonated (HL) ligand acted as a bidentate ligand, which bound to both Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions via the nitrogen atom of the amine (N-H) and the hydroxyl (O-H) groups through the deprotonated oxygen atom. Formation constants and thermal analysis indicated that both metal complexes are stable up to 100 °C with thermodynamically favored chemical reactions. The Cu(II) complex showed antibacterial activities with the zones of inhibition of 20.90 ± 2.00 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 19.69 ± 0.71 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 18.58 ± 1.04 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. These results are relatively higher compared with the Zn(II) complex at the same concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results for the complexes also showed similar trends against the three bacteria. On the other hand, radical scavenging activities of both Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of 4.72 and 8.2 μg/mL, respectively, while ascorbic acid (a positive control) has a value of 4.28 μg/mL. The Cu(II) complex exhibited better communication with the positive control, indicating its potential use for biological activities. The calculated and in silico molecular docking results also strongly support the experimental results.

Novel single-armed nitrogen-heterocyclic salamo-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of Al3+ and CN. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021;258:119815. [PMID: 33930852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119815]

Two novel single-armed nitrogen-heterocyclic chemosensors with basically similar structures, PDNS and PZNS, were synthesized to specifically identify Al³⁺ in DMS:H₂O (1:1 v/v) solution by fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and the colour of PDNS and PZNS changed from yellow to colorless when Al³⁺ was added under daylight. This is the first time that nitrogen-heterocyclic is introduced into salamo-based chemical sensor. At excitation wavelengths of 361 and 365 nm, solutions of PDNS and PZNS changed to intense green-blue fluorescence. Furthermore, it was found that PDNS/PZNS and Al³⁺ have excellent binding capacity, the lower limit of detection (LOD = 6.25 × 10^-9/1.26 × 10^-9 mol·dm^-3) is also calculated. In addition, sensor PZNS can detect Al³⁺ in a solution system with up to 95% water content and applicable pH range is 3-12. Compared to other salamo-based sensors, PZNS and PDNS have broader detection conditions and wider utilities. PZNS can also identify CN^- in fluorescence spectrum. PZNS can be used for detection of Al³⁺ in aqueous systems in daily production and life.

A newly synthesized visual bis(salamo)-based fluorescent chemosensor for exogenous detection of B4O72- in living cells and zebrafish

A newly synthesized fluorescent chemosensor H₆L was explored for detecting B₄O₇^2-, characterized by ¹H NMR spectrum, mass spectrum and fluorescence spectra. During the detection process of B₄O₇^2-, the fluorescence is significantly enhanced and naked eye recognition can be performed under 365 nm UV light without any interference by other typical anions. The limit of detection is as low as 6.97 × 10^-10 M. In addition, in order to broaden the application of salamo-based fluorescence sensors in the field of biology, except for the fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells, the first attempt of exogenous detection in zebrafish was conducted successfully.

Seven new metal-organic frameworks assembled from semi-rigid polycarboxylate and auxiliary N-donor ligands: syntheses, structures and properties

Seven new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, [Zn₂(L¹)(H₂O)₃]_n (1), [Zn₂(L¹)(dib)(H₂O)₂]_n (2), {[Zn₂(L¹)(4,4'-bipy)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (3), [Cd₂(L¹)(1,10-phen)]_n (4), [Ni₂(HL¹)(4,4'-bipy)(μ₃-OH)(μ₂-H₂O)]_n (5), {[Co₄(L¹)(4,4'-bibp)₃]·(4,4'-bibp)₃}_n (6), and [Co₂(L²)(4,4'-bibp)₂(H₂O)]_n (7), where H₄L¹ and H₄L² are semi-rigid 3-(3,5-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid and 4-(3,5-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid, respectively, and 4,4'-bipy is 4,4'-bipyridine, dib is 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene, 1,10-phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and 4,4'-bipb is 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)benzene, have been prepared under solvothermal conditions with Zn^II, Cd^II, Co^II and Ni^II ions in the presence of auxiliary N-donor ligands. The crystal structures and photoluminescence and magnetic properties of these compounds have been investigated. Compound 1 displays a 3,4,6-connected two-dimensional (2D) topology with a Schläfli symbol of (4².5)₂(4³.5².7)(4⁵.5⁶.6³)₂, and the 2D structure was further assembled to form a three-dimensional (3D) framework by intermolecular O-H...O hydrogen bonds. Compound 2 features a novel 3,3,4-connected structure and the point symbol is (4.10²)(4.6.8⁴)(6².8). Compound 3 exhibits a 3,4,6-connected 3-nodal net having a 3,4,6 T53 type topology, with the point symbol (4.6²)₂(4².6⁴)₂(4².6⁸.8².10³). Compound 4 shows a 2D→3D supramolecular structure formed by π-π stacking interactions. Compound 5 possesses a 3D framework with a tfz-d net topology. Compounds 6 and 7 are constructed from the same auxiliary ligand and metal salt at the same temperature, but with different main ligands and exhibiting different topologies. Compound 6 presents a 3D 4,6-connected topological network with a Schläfli symbol of (3.4⁴.6)(3².4⁴.5⁶.6³), while compound 7 has a 3D topological network with a Schläfli symbol of (4¹².6¹⁶). Magnetic analyses indicate that compounds 5 and 7 show weak antiferromagnetic interactions.

Synthesis and characterization for a highly selective bis(salamo)-based chemical sensor and imaging in living cell

A new sensor H₅L for continuous identification of Cu²⁺, Al³⁺ and lysine was synthesized by Schiff base reactions. The sensor could specifically recognized Cu²⁺ in the EtOH/H₂O (1:1 v/v) solution by UV-vis spectra, and the binding constant with Cu²⁺ can reach 10¹¹ M^-1, meanwhile, it was found by the naked-eye that the color of the solution was changed from colorless to yellow. The copper complex L-Cu²⁺ formed by the sensor H₅L and Cu²⁺ could further recognize Al³⁺ and lysine in the fluorescence spectra. The LOD values of the three objects were 2.67 × 10^-8, 1.96 × 10^-8 and 5.59 × 10^-9 M, respectively. In addition, fluorescence intracellular images of Al³⁺ and lysine were performed and obtained satisfactory results.

An Unsymmetric Salamo-like Chemosensor for Fuorescent Recognition of Zn2+

A new unsymmetric tetradentate salamo-like chemical sensor H₂L for fluorescent recognition of Zn²⁺ has been designed and synthesized. The sensor can recognize Zn²⁺ from other metal ions examined with selectivity, anti-interference, reliability and high sensitivity (LOD = 1.89 × 10^-6 M) in ethanol/H₂O solution. The results of UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra analyses, X-ray crystallographic study and DMol³ simulation and calculation (on Materials Studio) indicate that the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) recognition mechanism of the sensor H₂L for Zn²⁺ is of its hindered PET process. The sensor H₂L for Zn²⁺ has excellent fluorescence characteristics and has potential application value in biological and environmental systems.

Tuned structure and DNA binding properties of metal complexes based on a new 4-acylpyrazolone derivative

The structure and DNA binding performance of three transition metal compounds based on a new pyrazolone ligand were tuned effectively by changing both metal cations and anions.

Unprecedented Dinuclear CuII N,O-Donor Complex: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Fluorescence Property, and Hirshfeld Analysis

An unprecedented dinuclear CuII complex, [Cu2(L2)2], derived from a salamo-like chelating ligand H2L2, was produced by the cleavage of a newly synthesized, half-salamo-like ligand HL1 (2-[O-(1-ethyloxyamide)]oxime-3,5-dichloro-phenol). This was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV–Vis and fluorescent spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and Hirshfeld surface analysis. X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the two CuII (Cu1 and Cu2) ions bore different (N2O3 and N2O2) coordination environments, the penta-coordinated Cu1 ion possessed a slightly twisted tetragonal pyramid geometry with the τ value τ = 0.004, and the tetra-coordinated Cu2 ion showed a slightly twisted square planar geometry. Interestingly, one oxime oxygen atom participated in the coordination reported previously. Moreover, an infinite two-dimensional layered supramolecular network was formed. Compared with HL1, the CuII complex possessed the characteristic of fluorescence quenching.

Fluorescence Properties and Density Functional Theory Calculation of a Structurally Characterized Heterotetranuclear [ZnII2–SmIII2] 4,4′-Bipy-Salamo-Constructed Complex

A new heterotetranuclear complex, [{Zn(L)Sm(NO3)3}2(4,4′-bipy)]·2CH3OH, was synthesized via an unsymmetrical single salamo-like ligand H2L: 6-methoxy-6′-ethoxy-2,2′-[ethylenedioxybis(azinomethyl)]diphenol, with Zn(OAc)2·2H2O, Sm(NO3)3·6H2O, and 4,4′-bipyridine by the one-pot method. The [ZnII2–SmIII2] complex was validated via elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis of the [ZnII2–SmIII2] complex was carried out via X-ray single-crystal crystallography. The crystal structure and supramolecular features were discussed. In addition, while studying the fluorescence properties of the [ZnII2–SmIII2] complex, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of its structure was also performed.

A Newly Synthesized Heterobimetallic NiII-GdIII Salamo-BDC-Based Coordination Polymer: Structural Characterization, DFT Calculation, Fluorescent and Antibacterial Properties

A unprecedented hetero-bimetallic 3d-4f BDC-salamo-based coordination polymer, [(L)Ni(BDC)Gd(NO3)(DMF)] was prepared and validated via elemental analyses, IR and UV–Visible absorption spectra, DFT calculation, and X-ray crystallography. The six-coordinated Ni1 ion lies at the N2O2 donor site of the L2− moiety, and one DMF O atom and carboxylate O atom occupy, collectively, the axial positions, and form a twisted octahedron. The nine-coordinated Gd1 ion consists of three oxygen atoms (O12, O13, and O14) of two carboxylate groups, two oxygen atoms (O8 and O9) derived from one bidentate nitrate group, and an O2O2 coordination site (O1, O2, O6, and O5) of the L2− unit, forming a twisted three-capped triangular prism coordination geometry. Compared to the ligand (H2L), the fluorescence intensity decreases due to the coordination of metal ions. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities are researched.

Four rare structurally characterized hetero-pentanuclear [Zn4Ln] bis(salamo)-type complexes: syntheses, crystal structures and spectroscopic properties

Four new hetero-pentanuclear 3d–4f complexes [Zn₄(L)₂La(NO₃)₂(OEt)(H₂O)] (1), [Zn₄(L)₂Ce(NO₃)₂(OMe)(MeOH)] (2), [Zn₄(L)₂Pr(NO₃)₂(OEt)(EtOH)] (3) and [Zn₄(L)₂Nd(NO₃)₂(OMe)(MeOH)] (4) were synthesized by the reactions of a newly synthesized octadentate bis(salamo)-based tetraoxime ligand (H₄L) with Zn(OAc)₂·2H₂O and Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr and Nd), respectively, and characterized via elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The X-ray crystallographic investigation revealed that all Zn^II ions were located in N₂O₃ coordination spheres, and possessed a trigonal bipyramid coordination environment. The Ln^III ion lay in an O₈ coordination sphere, and adopted a distorted square antiprismatic coordination environment. Furthermore, supramolecular interactions and fluorescence properties were investigated.

Four new hetero-pentanuclear 3d–4f complexes 1–4 were synthesized and characterized. Supramolecular interactions and fluorescence properties of complexes 1–4 were investigated.

An Unexpected Trinuclear Cobalt(II) Complex Based on a Half-Salamo-Like Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Antimicrobial and Fluorescent Properties

An unexpected trinuclear Co(II) complex, [Co3(L2)2(μ-OAc)2(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH (H2L2 = 4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) constructed from a half-Salamo-based ligand (HL1 = 2-[O-(1-ethyloxyamide)]oxime-4-bromophenol) and Co(OAc)2·4H2O, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra (IR), UV-Vis spectra, X-ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The Co(II) complex contains three Co(II) atoms, two completely deprotonated (L2)2− units, two bridged acetate molecules, two coordinated methanol molecules and two crystalline methanol molecules, and finally, a three-dimensional supramolecular structure with infinite extension was formed. Interestingly, during the formation of the Co(II) complex, the ligand changed from half-Salamo-like to a symmetrical single Salamo-like ligand due to the bonding interactions of the molecules. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of HL1 and its Co(II) complex were also investigated.

Crystal structure of bis[2-(((3-aminopropyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitro-phenolato-κ3N,N′,O]nickel(II), C20H24N6NiO6

C20H24N6NiO6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.3944(6) Å, b = 10.1144(12) Å, c = 10.9297(12) Å, α = 65.236(3)°, β = 81.959(3)°, γ = 79.882(3)°, Z = 1, V = 531.61(11) Å3, Rgt(F) = 0.0262, wRref(F2) = 0.0649, T = 173(2) K.

A New Half-Salamo-Based Homo-Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complex: Crystal Structure, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, and Fluorescence Properties

A new homo-trinuclear Ni(II) half-salamo-based complex [Ni3(L)2(μ-OAc)2(OAc)2(CH3OH)2]·2CH3OH was synthesized via the reaction of a tridentate ligand HL (2-[O-(1-ethyloxyamide)]oxime-4-bromophenol) and Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, and characterized using elemental analyses, IR spectra, UV-Vis absorption spectra, X-ray crystallography, and Hirshfeld analysis. Interestingly, single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that the two acetate molecules were bonded simultaneously with the Ni(II) atoms by mono-dentate chelating and bidentate bridging coordination modes, respectively, and the resulting hexa-coordinate geometries were ultimately formed. Furthermore, the Hirshfeld analysis of the complex was studied. Compared with HL, the complex fluorescence intensity was significantly lowered, indicating that the Ni(II) ions have fluorescence quenching characteristics.

Antimicrobial activities of self-assembled copper(ii), nickel(ii), and cobalt(iii) complexes combined with crystallographic, spectroscopic, DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surfaces analyses

Three 2-D and 3-D Cu(ii), Ni(ii), and Co(iii) complexes were obtained by reaction of HL1 with different metal salts. The complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods, as well as Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies.

Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of a Structurally Characterized Hetero-Hexanuclear Zn(II)-La(III) Salamo-Like Coordination Compound Containing Auxiliary Ligands

A hetero-hexanuclear Zn(II)-La(III) coordination compound, [{(ZnL)2La}2(bdc)2](NO3)2 (H2bdc = terephthalic acid) has been synthesized with a symmetric Salamo-like bisoxime, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis, fluorescent spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the Zn(II) ions are pentacoordinated by N2O2 donator atoms from the (L)2− unit and one oxygen atom from one terephthalate anion. The Zn(II) ions adopt trigonal bipyramidal geometries (τZn1 = 0.61, τZn2 = 0.56). The La(III) ions are decacoordinated in the Zn(II)-La(III) coordination compound and has a distorted bicapped square antiprism geometry. Meanwhile, the photophysical property of the Zn(II)-La(III) coordination compound was also measured and discussed.