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Albayrak S, Farajzadeh N, Yasemin Yenilmez H, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Altuntaş Bayır Z. Fluorinated Phthalocyanine/Silver Nanoconjugates for Multifunctional Biological Applications. Chem Biodivers 2023:e202300389. [PMID: 37366243 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 4-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)ethynyl]phthalonitrile (1) and its metal phthalocyanines (2 and 3) were synthesized. The resultant compounds were conjugated to silver nanoparticles and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The biological properties of compounds (1-3), their nanoconjugates (4-6), and silver nanoparticles (7) were examined for the first time in this study. The antioxidant activities of biological candidates (1-7) were studied by applying the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained 97.47 % for 200 mg/L manganese phthalocyanine-silver nanoconjugates (6). The antimicrobial and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) activities of biological candidates (1-7) were examined using a micro-dilution assay. The highest MIC value was obtained 8 mg/L for nanoconjugate 6 against E. hirae. The studied compounds and their silver nanoconjugates exhibited high APDT activities against all the studied microorganisms. The most effective APDT activities were obtained 4 mg/L for nanoconjugates (5 and 6) against L. pneumophila and E. hirae, respectively. All the studied biological candidates displayed high cell viability inhibition activities against E. coli cell growth. The biofilm inhibition activities of the tested biological candidates were also investigated against S. aureus and P. Aeruginosa. Biological candidates (1-6) can be considered efficient metal nanoparticle-based materials for multi-disciplinary biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Albayrak
- Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nazli Farajzadeh
- Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - H Yasemin Yenilmez
- Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, TR-34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, University of Mersin, Yenisehir, TR-33343, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Yenisehir, TR-33343, Mersin, Türkiye
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Electrochemical and In-situ Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Novel (5-(tert-butyl)-2-((3,4-dicyanophenoxy)methyl)phenyl)methanolate Substituted Mononuclear Metal Phthalocyanines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Farajzadeh N, Çelik Ç, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Koçak MB. Biological properties of novel mono and double-decker hexadeca-substituted metal phthalocyanines. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports chemical agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial photodynamic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition, and DNA cleavage activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Çetin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Farajzadeh N, Çelik Ç, Atmaca GY, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Erdoğmuş A, Koçak MB. Photophysicochemical, sonochemical, and biological properties of novel hexadeca-substituted phthalocyanines bearing fluorinated groups. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:478-490. [PMID: 34755751 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of a novel tetra-substituted phthalonitrile (1), namely, 3,6-bis(hexyloxy)-4,5-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal-free (2)/metal {M = Zn (3), Cu (4), Co (5), Lu(CH3COO) (6), Lu (7)} phthalocyanines. A series of various spectroscopic methods (UV-vis, FT-IR, mass, and 1H NMR spectroscopy) were performed for the characterization of the newly synthesized compounds. The potential of compounds 2, 3, and 6 as photosensitizing materials for photodynamic and sonophotodynamic therapies was evaluated by photophysical, photochemical, and sonochemical methods. The highest singlet quantum yields were obtained for the zinc phthalocyanine derivative 3 by performing photochemical and sonochemical methods. In addition, several biological activities of the new compounds 1-7 were investigated. The newly synthesized phthalocyanines exhibited excellent DPPH scavenging activity and also DNA nuclease activity. The antimicrobial activity of the new compounds was evaluated by the disc diffusion assay. Effective microbial cell viability inhibition was observed with phthalocyanine macromolecules. The photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of the phthalocyanines showed 100% bacterial inhibition when compared to the control. They also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These results indicate that new phthalocyanines are promising photodynamic antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Çetin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Farajzadeh N, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Atmaca GY, Erdoğmuş A, Bayır ZA, Koçak MB. Photophysicochemical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy and 2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy Groups on Peripheral Positions. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:894-906. [PMID: 34727392 DOI: 10.1111/php.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As thiazoles and fluorinated groups are well known as active species of hybrid pharmaceutical agents, this study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of these groups on the biological features of phthalocyanines for the first time in the hope of discovering efficient pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 4-(2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-5-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal-free (2)/metal phthalocyanines (3-5) were prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Solubility of new phthalocyanines (2-5) was examined in a series of polar and nonpolar solvents. Additionally, sono/photochemical methods were applied to examine the photophysical and sono/photochemical properties of new zinc phthalocyanine to measure its potential as a probable material for sono/photodynamic therapies. The antioxidant activities of compounds (1-5) were evaluated using the DPPH scavenging activity method and the highest radical scavenging activity was obtained 92.13% (200 mg L-1 ) for manganese phthalocyanine. All the phthalocyanines demonstrated high DNA nuclease activity, as well. The antimicrobial activities of compounds (1-5) were investigated using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The phthalocyanines exhibited effective microbial cell inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity was investigated against E. coli by LED irradiation. Compounds (2-5) acted as photosynthesizers. Also, they displayed significant biofilm inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Altuntaş Bayır
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erdem M, Korkmaz E, Kösoğlu G, Ahmetali E, Farajzadeh N, Eryürek G, Koçak MB. Nonlinear optical behavior and optical power limiting characteristics of peripheral symmetrical and non-symmetrical zinc phthalocyanines with nanosecond pulsed excitation. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Çelik Ç, Farajzadeh N, Akın M, Atmaca GY, Sağlam Ö, Şaki N, Erdoğmuş A, Koçak MB. Investigation of the biological and photophysicochemical properties of new non-peripheral fluorinated phthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2736-2745. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The photophysicochemical and biological properties of new fluorinated phthalocyanines were examined. The synergistic effect of phthalocyanines used as colorants in ink formulas with other chemicals available was investigated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çetin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akın
- Petroyag ve Kimyasallar San. Ve Tic. A.S R&D Center
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | | | - Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Kocaeli University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry
- Yildiz Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Sağlam Ö, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Koçak MB. Novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical fluorine-containing metallophthalocyanines: synthesis, characterization and investigation of their biological properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9700-9708. [PMID: 33950057 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new fluorinated phthalonitrile compound namely 5-bis[4-(trifluoromethoxy)-thiophenyl] phthalonitrile was synthesized. In addition, peripherally substituted symmetric metallated phthalocyanine derivatives [M = Co (2) and M = Zn (3)] and unsymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) complex (4) were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of this phthalonitrile compound. Characterization of all new compounds was carried out using FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, and mass spectroscopy. Additionally, antioxidant activity, DNA cleavage activity, antimicrobial activity, biofilm inhibition activity, and bacterial viability inhibition test of the compounds (1-4) were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the new phthalocyanine complexes were studied by performing two different methods. The results indicated that the highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity was determined to be 67.85% for 2 and also 3 showed the highest activity with 31.65% for chelating activity at 200 mg L-1 concentration. Phthalocyanine compounds demonstrated effective DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activities. The highest percentage of cell vitality inhibition was found for compound 4, 56.92%. Also, test compounds exhibited good biofilm inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Farajzadeh N, Sağlam Ö, Akin M, Saki N, Koçak MB. Investigation of tyrosinase enzyme (from mushroom) inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of new fluorine-containing phthalocyanines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000340. [PMID: 33300638 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of new peripherally or nonperipherally substituted phthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl groups was synthesized. In addition, a new metal-free phthalocyanine bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy on the nonperipheral position was prepared. The resulting phthalocyanines were characterized using some spectroscopic techniques such as 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis. When the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized phthalocyanines were examined, molecules 2b and 3b showed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme with IC50 values of 176.2 ± 0.65 and 284.4 ± 1.03, respectively. The inhibition types of the molecules and standard inhibitor kojic acid were found as competitive for 2b, mixed for 1b and kojic acid, and uncompetitive for 3b. Antioxidant activities were also assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and the molecules showed moderate antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Makbule B Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sağlam Ö, Farajzadeh N, Yaşa Atmaca G, Erdoğmuş A, Koçak MB. Effect of Position and Connected Atom on Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Some Fluorinated Metallophthalocyanines. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:270-277. [PMID: 32885462 DOI: 10.1111/php.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and a series of its metallated phthalocyanines (M = Zn (II) (1a) and In(III) (1b)). In addition, the peripheral analog of the indium phthalocyanine chloride (2b) was newly synthesized. Characterization of the resulting compounds was carried out by utilizing various spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1 H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influence of concentration on aggregation properties of compound 1a was investigated at different concentrations of DMSO. The effect of solvent type on aggregation properties of compound 1a was studied, as well. According to the referred procedures, the macrocyclic molecules (2a, 3a-b and 4a-b) were prepared. The effect of some parameters including metal ion, the position of the substituent and the connected atom (oxo or thio) on photochemical and photophysical features of compounds (1a-b, 2a-b, 3a-b, and 4a-b) was studied for evaluation of their potential as a photosensitizer in PDT, comparatively. The highest singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ = 0.71 for 1a and 0.80 for 2b) were obtained for complexes 1a and 1b in DMSO. The photophysical and photochemical features of the studied macromolecules are therefore suitable for photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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Farajzadeh N, Akyüz D, Koca A, Koçak MB. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterizations of new tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy groups on non-peripheral positions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Sağlam Ö, Akin M, Pekbelgin Karaoğlu H, Saki N, Koçak MB. Investigation of Time‐Kill Evaluation and Antioxidant Activities of New Tetra‐Substituted Metallophthalocyanines Bearing 4‐(Trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl Groups. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Özgül Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Akin
- Department of Chemistry Kocaeli University 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Saki
- Department of Chemistry Kocaeli University 41380 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
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