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Elgendy KH, Zaky M, Altorky AEMM, Fadel S. Determination of levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage form or individually using derivative UV spectrophotometry. BMC Chem 2024; 18:115. [PMID: 38877570 PMCID: PMC11179347 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, first, second, third, and fourth-order derivative spectrophotometric methods utilizing the peak-zero (P-O) and peak-peak (P-P) techniques of measurement were developed for the determination of levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. These methods were applied to their combined pharmaceutical dosage form or individually for levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. METHODS Linearity was established in the concentration range of 2-20 µg/mL. The procedures are simple, quick, and precise. The developed methods are sensitive, accurate, and cost-effective, demonstrating excellent correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9998) and mean recovery values ranging from 99.20% to 100.08%, indicating a high level of precision. RESULTS The developed approach was effectively employed to determine the levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and moxifloxacin content in commercially available pharmaceutical dosages. CONCLUSIONS Statistical analysis and recovery tests confirmed the method's linearity and accuracy. The results suggest that this method can be utilized for routine analysis in both bulk and commercial formulations. The simplicity, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness of the developed methods make them valuable for pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Elgendy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - M Zaky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - S Fadel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Żyro D, Sikora J, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Ochocki J. Silver, Its Salts and Application in Medicine and Pharmacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15723. [PMID: 37958707 PMCID: PMC10650883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The healing properties of silver have been used since ancient times. The main aim of the study was to collect and review the literature on the clinical potential of silver, its salts and complex compounds. The second goal was to present an outline of the historical use of silver in medicine and pharmacy, taking into account the possibility of producing pharmaceutical drug forms on the premises of pharmacies. In the context of the growing resistance of microorganisms to available, widely used antibiotics, silver plays a key role. There is only one known case of bacterial resistance to silver-the Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, which naturally occurs in silver mines. The development of research in the field of coordination chemistry offers great opportunities in the design of new substances in which silver ions can be incorporated. These substances exhibit increased potency and often an extended antimicrobial spectrum. Silver-based compounds are, however, only limited to external applications, as opposed to their historic oral administration. Advanced studies of their physicochemical, microbiological, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties are ongoing and full of challenges. The improvement of the methods of synthesis gives the possibility of applying the newly synthesized compounds ex tempore, as was the case with the complex of metronidazole with silver (I) nitrate. Some of these experimental efforts performed in vitro are followed with clinical trials. The third and final goal of this study was to present the possibility of obtaining an ointment under the conditions of an actual pharmacy using silver (I) salts and a ligand, both of which are active substances with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Żyro
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Chugunova E, Matveeva V, Tulesinova A, Iskanderov E, Akylbekov N, Dobrynin A, Khamatgalimov A, Appazov N, Boltayeva L, Duisembekov B, Zhanakov M, Aleksandrova Y, Sashenkova T, Klimanova E, Allayarova U, Balakina A, Mishchenko D, Burilov A, Neganova M. Water-Soluble Salts Based on Benzofuroxan Derivatives-Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314902. [PMID: 36499230 PMCID: PMC9739695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel water-soluble salts of benzofuroxans was achieved via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,6-dichloro-5-nitrobenzofuroxan with various amines. The salts obtained showed good effectiveness of the pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops at concentrations of 20-40 mmol. In some cases, the seed treatment with salts leads not only to improved seed germination, but also to the suppression of microflora growth. Additionally, their anti-cancer activityin vitrohas been researched. The compounds with morpholine fragments or a fragment of N-dimethylpropylamine, demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity, which is in good correlation with the ability to inhibit the glycolysis process in tumor cells. Two compounds 4e and 4g were selected for further experiments using laboratory animals. It was found that the lethal dose of 50% (LD50) is 22.0 ± 1.33 mg/kg for 4e and 13.75 ± 1.73 mg/kg for 4g, i.e., compound 4e is two times less toxic than 4g, according to the mouse model in vivo. It was shown that the studied compounds exhibit antileukemia activity after a single intraperitoneal injection at doses from 1.25 to 5 mg/kg, as a result of which the average lifespan of animals with a P388 murine leukemia tumor increases from 20 to 28%. Thus, the water-soluble salts of benzofuroxans can be considered as promisingcandidates for further development, both as anti-cancer agents and as stimulants for seed germination and regulators of microflora crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +7-843-272-7324 (E.C.); +7-724-223-1041 (N.A.)
| | - Victoria Matveeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alena Tulesinova
- The Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | | | - Nurgali Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (N.A.); Tel.: +7-843-272-7324 (E.C.); +7-724-223-1041 (N.A.)
| | - Alexey Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Ayrat Khamatgalimov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Nurbol Appazov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan
- I. Zhakhaev Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing, Kyzylorda 120008, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazat Boltayeva
- Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine Named after Zhazken Zhiembayev LLP, Almaty A30M0H6, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakhytzhan Duisembekov
- Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine Named after Zhazken Zhiembayev LLP, Almaty A30M0H6, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhtar Zhanakov
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Tatyana Sashenkova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry—RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena Klimanova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry—RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Ugulzhan Allayarova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry—RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Anastasia Balakina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry—RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Denis Mishchenko
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry—RAS, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical-Chemical Engineering, M.V. Lomonosov—MSU, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Biomedical Institute of the Scientific and Educational Center, Moscow Regional State University in Chernogolovka, Mytishchi 141014, Russia
| | - Alexander Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
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Bala I, Singh K, Kataria R, Sindhu M. Exploration of structural, electrostatic and photophysical behaviour of novel Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes, and their utility as potent antimicrobial agents. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bala
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Haryana India
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Meena Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, COBS&H CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India
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Synthesis of New 1-Aryl-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethanone Oxime Ether Derivatives and Investigation of Their Cytotoxic Effects. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 12 new 1-aryl-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime ether derivatives were designed and synthesized to investigate their cytotoxic effects. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated against cervix, colon, breast, glioma, neuroblastoma, and lung cancer cell lines, as well as a healthy cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazo-lium bromide (MTT) assays with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the reference compound. Compound 5f (IC50 = 5.13 µM) was found to be more effective than 5-FU (IC50 = 8.34 µM) in the C6 cancer cell line, and it had no cytotoxic effect on the L929 healthy cell line. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the mechanism of action of compound 5f on the cell cycle of the C6 cell line. The analysis showed that cell death was significantly due to apoptosis. These results indicate that compound 5f induces cell cycle arrest, and may be effective in treating glioma.
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