Ding L, Ge R, Wang P, Li D, Lin Q, Lu M, Xu Y. A series of
N-trinitromethyl-substituted polynitro-pyrazoles: high-energy-density materials with positive oxygen balances.
RSC Adv 2022;
12:33304-33312. [PMID:
36425169 PMCID:
PMC9679919 DOI:
10.1039/d2ra06149j]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An N-trinitromethyl strategy was employed for the synthesis of polynitro-pyrazole based high-energy-density compounds with great potential as energetic materials. The new compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 10 exhibits high energetic properties, has a positive oxygen balance (OB) of +2.1%, and an excellent specific impulse (272.4 s), making it a potential high-energy dense oxidizer to replace AP in solid rocket propellants. The nitration of 7 with HNO3/H2SO4 yielded the green primary explosive 12, which showed higher density, higher performance, better oxygen balance and lower sensitivities to those of currently used diazodinitrophenol. Compound 13 is a nitrogen and oxygen rich secondary explosive with a high OB (+5.0%), comparable energy (D = 9030 m s-1; P = 35.6 GPa; η = 1.03) to HMX, and much lower mechanical sensitivity (IS = 12 J, FS = 240 N).
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