1
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Han R, Ma X, Cai L, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Wang J. Low viscosity and low temperature curing reactive POSS/epoxy hybrid resin with enhanced toughness and comprehensive thermal performance. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7263-7275. [PMID: 38433934 PMCID: PMC10905323 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and high-temperature resistance properties of epoxy resins cured at low temperatures (Tcuring ≤ 100 °C) are often inferior, and the most toughening modification methods for epoxy resins tend to compromise thermal resistance, which significantly limit the practical applications of it. Therefore, this work reported a low viscosity and low-temperature curing epoxy hybrid resin system (OPEP), adopting E-51 as a resin matrix, liquid anhydride (MHHPA) as a curing agent, tertiary amine (DMBA) as a curing accelerator, and reactive octa-epoxy terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OG-POSS) as a toughening modifier. Results demonstrated that the OPEP system has excellent processability with low viscosity and long processing window period and satisfies the practical requirements of low-temperature curing. The OG-POSS exhibits superior compatibility and reactivity with the resin matrix, and its addition slightly reduces the Eα of the curing reaction and has a certain promotive effect on the curing of epoxy resin. In addition, the curing reaction rate of the OPEP resin complies with the Šesták-Berggren autocatalytic kinetics model. The impact strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the OPEP resin reached a maximum of 15.55 kJ m-2, 121.65 MPa, 90.36 MPa, and 2.48%, representing increases of 55.97%, 3.1%, 64.68%, and 26.51% compared to those of the pure resin, respectively. Notably, due to the heat-resistant inorganic silicon cage structure of OG-POSS, the thermal decomposition temperature (Td5), glass transition temperature (Tg), and heat distortion temperature (THDT) of the OPEP0.02 resin were 313.2 °C, 123.7 °C, and 102.0 °C, showing increases of 13.0 °C, 2.3 °C, and 6.8 °C compared to the pure resin, respectively, which is difficult to achieve for the general thermosetting resin toughening modification method. This research utilized organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials (POSS) to optimize the toughness and thermal stability of the resin in a coordinated manner, providing guidance for the preparation of high-performance epoxy resins that cure at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Lifeng Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Zongwu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Yiliang Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 PR China
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2
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Alnofaiy IA, De Vera MAT. Advancing Dimethacrylate Dental Composites by Synergy of Pre-Polymerized TEGDMA Co-Filler: A Physio-Mechanical Evaluation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:577. [PMID: 38132515 PMCID: PMC10741395 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) have gained immense popularity as filling material in direct dental restorations. They are highly valued for their ability to closely resemble natural teeth and withstand harsh oral conditions. To increase the clinical performance of dental restorations, various fillers are incorporated into DRCs. Herein, the effect of incorporating pre-polymerized triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (P-TEGDMA) as a co-filler in varying proportions (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight) into bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA)/TEGDMA/SiO2 resin composite was investigated. The obtained DRCs were examined for morphology, rheological properties, degree of crosslinking (DC), Vickers microhardness (VMH), thermal stability, and flexural strength (FS). The results revealed that SiO2 and P-TEGDMA particles were uniformly dispersed. The introduction of P-TEGDMA particles (2.5 wt.%) into the resin composite had a remarkable effect, leading to a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in complex viscosity, decreasing from 393.84 ± 21.65 Pa.s to 152.84 ± 23.94 Pa.s. As a result, the DC was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved from 61.76 ± 3.80% to 68.77 ± 2.31%. In addition, the composite mixture demonstrated a higher storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G″), indicative of its predominantly elastic nature. Moreover, the thermal stability of the DRCs was improved with the addition of P-TEGDMA particles by increasing the degradation temperature from 410 °C to 440 °C. However, the VMH was negatively affected. The study suggests that P-TEGDMA particles have the potential to be used as co-fillers alongside other inorganic fillers, offering a means to fine-tune the properties of DRCs and optimize their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Leonel S. Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (W.S.S.); (L.S.B.)
| | - Ibraheem A. Alnofaiy
- Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.T.D.V.)
| | - Merry Angelyn Tan De Vera
- Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.T.D.V.)
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3
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Rodrigues JGP, Arias S, Pacheco JGA, Dias ML. Structure and thermal behavior of biobased vitrimer of lactic acid and epoxidized canola oil. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33613-33624. [PMID: 38019990 PMCID: PMC10652253 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06272d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased vitrimers were obtained from epoxidized canola oil (ECO) and lactic acid (LA) using zinc acetate (ZnAc) and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl) in the proportions of 1 and 2 wt% as transesterification catalysts. Reactions containing ECO and LA showed an average enthalpy of cure of approximately 85 mJ mg-1 and materials cured in the presence of the catalysts showed lower enthalpies of cure and decrease in the material gel content. ECO-LA reaction generated materials with rubber-like properties with Tg ranging from -15 °C to -23 °C, where the material without a catalyst showed the higher Tg value. The presence of catalysts gave the material vitrimer properties, with the softening point associated with transesterification reactions and topology freezing temperature transition at temperatures (Tv) between 195-235 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gabriel P Rodrigues
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Santiago Arias
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Lopes Dias
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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4
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Xu C, Liang S, Jin B, Xiao Q, Hao X, Liu Z, Lin N, Sun J, Sui H. Application of multi-channel in situ infrared spectroscopy: the case of PVB thermal aging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28371-28381. [PMID: 37766932 PMCID: PMC10520402 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03932c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal kinetic parameters are important for establishing the relationship between the aging process, time, and temperature, which would help predict the thermal aging lifetime and stability in the application of polymer materials. We developed a multi-channel in situ detecting device, which provided an efficient method for IR spectrum measurement. The thermal aging process of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) at several constant temperatures (100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 135 °C, and 150 °C) had been studied by the multi-channel in situ infrared reaction device. The kinetic parameters (Eα) were calculated from the absorbance intensity of -C-O-, -C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, -CH3, and -OH. The -OH proved to be the active site of PVB during thermal aging, and a possible thermal aging mechanism of PVB was proposed. We proved the method using a combination of a multi-channel in situ reaction device and FTIR was suitable to study the aging mechanism and kinetics of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Shuen Liang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Xiaofei Hao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Zhongping Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Nannan Lin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Heliang Sui
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
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5
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Fait F, Steinbach JC, Kandelbauer A, Mayer HA. Incorporation of silica nanoparticles into porous templates to fabricate mesoporous silica microspheres for high performance liquid chromatography applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464190. [PMID: 37419014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography is one of the most important analytical tools for the identification and separation of substances. The efficiency of this method is largely determined by the stationary phase of the columns. Although monodisperse mesoporous silica microspheres (MPSM) represent a commonly used material as stationary phase their tailored preparation remains challenging. Here we report on the synthesis of four MPSMs via the hard template method. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) which form the silica network of the final MPSMs were generated in situ from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized p(GMA-co-EDMA) as hard template. Methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol were applied as solvents to control the size of the SNPs in the hybrid beads (HB). After calcination, MPSMs with different sizes, morphology and pore properties were obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, solid state NMR and DRIFT IR spectroscopy. Interestingly, the 29Si NMR spectra of the HBs show T and Q group species which suggests that there is no covalent linkage between the SNPs and the template. The MPSMs were functionalized with trimethoxy (octadecyl) silane and used as stationary phases in reversed-phase chromatography to separate a mixture of eleven different amino acids. The separation characteristics of the MPSMs strongly depend on their morphology and pore properties which are controlled by the solvent during the preparation of the MPSMs. Overall, the separation behavior of the best phases is comparable with those of commercially available columns. The phases even achieve faster separation of the amino acids without loss of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fait
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - Julia C Steinbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, Reutlingen 72762, Germany; Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering (MAP), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Hermann A Mayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Bautista LS, Haider S, De Vera MAT, Alshabib A. Fabrication of Novel Pre-Polymerized BisGMA/Silica Nanocomposites: Physio-Mechanical Considerations. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:323. [PMID: 37367287 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin composite mimics tooth tissues both in structure and properties, and thus, they can withstand high biting force and the harsh environmental conditions of the mouth. Various inorganic nano- and micro-fillers are commonly used to enhance these composites' properties. In this study, we adopted a novel approach by using pre-polymerized bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) ground particles (XL-BisGMA) as fillers in a BisGMA/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) resin system in combination with SiO2 nanoparticles. The BisGMA/TEGDMA/SiO2 mixture was filled with various concentrations of XL-BisGMA (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt.%). The XL-BisGMA added composites were evaluated for viscosity, degree of conversion (DC), microhardness, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that the addition of a lower concentration of XL-BisGMA particles (2.5 wt.%) significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the complex viscosity from 374.6 (Pa·s) to 170.84. (Pa·s). Similarly, DC was also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) by the addition of 2.5 wt.% XL-BisGMA, with the pristine composite showing a DC of (62.19 ± 3.2%) increased to (69.10 ± 3.4%). Moreover, the decomposition temperature has been increased from 410 °C for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 450 °C for the composite with 10 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB10). The microhardness has also been significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) from 47.44 HV for the pristine composite (BT-SB0) to 29.91 HV for the composite with 2.5 wt.% of XL-BisGMA (BT-SB2.5). These results suggest that a XL-BisGMA could be used to a certain percentage as a promising filler in combination with inorganic fillers to enhance the DC and flow properties of the corresponding resin-based dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Kim S, Kim S, Ho DH, Roe DG, Choi YJ, Kim MJ, Kim UJ, Le ML, Kim J, Kim SH, Cho JH. Neurorobotic approaches to emulate human motor control with the integration of artificial synapse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo3326. [PMID: 36170364 PMCID: PMC9519054 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of electronic devices has enabled researchers to successfully emulate human synapses, thereby promoting the development of the research field of artificial synapse integrated soft robots. This paper proposes an artificial reciprocal inhibition system that can successfully emulate the human motor control mechanism through the integration of artificial synapses. The proposed system is composed of artificial synapses, load transistors, voltage/current amplifiers, and a soft actuator to demonstrate the muscle movement. The speed, range, and direction of the soft actuator movement can be precisely controlled via the preset input voltages with different amplitudes, numbers, and signs (positive or negative). The artificial reciprocal inhibition system can impart lifelike motion to soft robots and is a promising tool to enable the successful integration of soft robots or prostheses in a living body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonkwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hae Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gue Roe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manh Linh Le
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25931, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25931, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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8
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Verker R, Wallach ER, Vidavsky Y, Bolker A, Gouzman I. Novel axial dynamic mechanical analysis setup for thermo-analytical study and curing kinetics optimization of thermoset adhesives. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:034104. [PMID: 35364994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-analytical studies of thermoset adhesives, either during research and development or in quality assurance activities, involve the application of various analytical equipment for adhesive characterization, from initial mixing to final product decomposition. Gelation is usually measured with rheometers or dynamic mechanical analyzers (DMAs); curing, post-curing, and curing kinetics are often studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glass transition temperature (Tg) is measured via DSC or DMA, and finally, thermal decomposition measurements are done using thermal gravimetric analysis. Here, we present a new curing kinetics optimization module (C-KOM), an extension to an axial DMA, and a protocol for its usage, which combines elements from all of the above thermo-analytical techniques into one tool. As a case study, we apply C-KOM to investigate the effect of the curing temperature on the physical properties of an epoxy adhesive including gelation and end of cure points as well as its Tg. The data collected via C-KOM were used to extract the adhesive's curing reaction rates and its activation energy. Our research allowed us to compare and evaluate previously suggested curing procedures and assess their validity. As a final step, the thermal decomposition temperature of the epoxy adhesive was also identified via C-KOM. The newly suggested C-KOM setup provides a fast path toward characterization and optimization of the curing processes of thermoset materials in a way that was not available before.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verker
- Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - E R Wallach
- Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Y Vidavsky
- Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - A Bolker
- Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - I Gouzman
- Space Environment Department, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800, Israel
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9
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Goyal S, Cochran EW. Cyanate ester composites to improve thermal performance: A review. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Goyal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Iowa State University Ames
| | - Eric W. Cochran
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department Iowa State University Ames
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10
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Motta Neves R, Zattera AJ, Campos Amico S. Enhancing thermal and dynamic‐mechanical properties of epoxy reinforced by amino‐functionalized microcrystalline cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Motta Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Ademir José Zattera
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC) University of Caxias do Sul (UCS) Caxias do Sul Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- Postgraduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
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11
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Yeasmin F, Mallik AK, Chisty AH, Robel FN, Shahruzzaman M, Haque P, Rahman MM, Hano N, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Remarkable enhancement of thermal stability of epoxy resin through the incorporation of mesoporous silica micro-filler. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05959. [PMID: 33521354 PMCID: PMC7820568 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, we incorporated mesoporous micro-silica (5 μm, pore size = 50 nm) as a filler in epoxy resin aiming to enter polymer into the pore of the silica. As expected, the thermal stability of the composite increased remarkably, followed by noteworthy thermal degradation kinetics when compared to the controlled cured epoxy resin. Composites were prepared by the direct dispersion of modified nano-silica, modified mesoporous micro-silica, unmodified mesoporous micro-silica, non-porous micro-silica, and irregular micro-silica of various pore sizes as fillers in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin via ultra-sonication and shear mixing, followed by oven-curing with 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. DSC and TGA analyses demonstrated a higher glass transition temperature (increased by 3.65–5.75 °C) and very high activation energy for thermal degradation (average increase = 46.2%) was obtained for the same unmodified silica composite compared to pure epoxy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Yeasmin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abul K Mallik
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Adib H Chisty
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fataha N Robel
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahruzzaman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Haque
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nanami Hano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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12
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Wang B, Chen K, Li T, Sun X, Liu M, Yang L, Hu X(M, Xu J, He L, Huang Q, Jiang L, Song Y. High-Temperature Resistant Polyborosilazanes with Tailored Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030467. [PMID: 33535636 PMCID: PMC7867192 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron-containing organosilicon polymers are widely used under harsh environments as preceramic polymers for advanced ceramics fabrication. However, harmful chemicals released during synthesis and the complex synthesis routes have limited their applications. To solve the problems, a two-component route was adopted to synthesize cross-linked boron-containing silicone polymer (CPBCS) via a solventless process. The boron content and CPBCSs’ polymeric structures could be readily tuned through controlling the ratio of multifunctional boron hybrid silazane monomers (BSZ12) and poly[imino(methylsilylene)]. The CPBCSs showed high thermal stability and good mechanical properties. The CPBCS with Si-H/C=C ratio of 10:1 showed 75 wt% char yields at 1000 °C in argon, and the heat release capacity (HRC) and total heat release (THR) are determined to be 37.9 J/g K and 6.2 KJ/g, demonstrating high thermal stability and flame retardancy. The reduced modulus and hardness of CPBCS are 0.30 GPa and 2.32 GPa, respectively. The novel polysilazanes can be potentially used under harsh environments, such as high temperatures or fire hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
| | - Ke Chen
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Ming Liu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Lingwei Yang
- Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Xiao (Matthew) Hu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Liu He
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Linbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yujie Song
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; (K.C.); (T.L.); (M.L.); (X.H.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (Q.H.)
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo 315336, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (Y.S.)
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13
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Recent Developments in the Flame-Retardant System of Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092145. [PMID: 32384706 PMCID: PMC7254395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, the development of flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) has tended to be non-toxic, efficient, multifunctional and systematic. Currently reported flame retardants have been capable of providing flame retardancy, heat resistance and thermal stability to EP. However, many aspects still need to be further improved. This paper reviews the development of EPs in halogen-free flame retardants, focusing on phosphorus flame retardants, carbon-based materials, silicon flame retardants, inorganic nanofillers, and metal-containing compounds. These flame retardants can be used on their own or in combination to achieve the desired results. The effects of these flame retardants on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EPs were discussed. Despite the great progress on flame retardants for EP in recent years, further improvement of EP is needed to obtain numerous eco-friendly high-performance materials.
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15
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Panchal P, Mekonnen TH. Tailored cellulose nanocrystals as a functional ultraviolet absorbing nanofiller of epoxy polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2612-2623. [PMID: 36132718 PMCID: PMC9418684 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy is an extensively used polymer in several applications such as coatings, adhesives, structural composites etc. However, it is a poor ultraviolet (UV) absorber and suffers from UV-degradation, which usually leads to discoloration and loss of structural integrity. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) conjugated with a UV absorbing molecule were investigated as a functional nanomaterial to enhance the UV absorption of epoxy polymers. The grafting of a UV absorbing molecule, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), on the surface of CNCs was confirmed using FTIR, proton NMR, and via elemental analysis. The modified CNCs were then incorporated into an epoxy polymer and their efficacy in mitigating the photo-degradation of epoxy was evaluated. For this, a neat epoxy control, native CNCs and modified CNC based nanocomposite specimens were subjected to controlled UV irradiation and the resulting structure-property changes were assessed. Results of UV absorption and discoloration showed that the neat epoxy was impacted the most as a result of the UV irradiation. While the incorporation of native CNCs displayed some UV absorption and reduction in the UV mediated discoloration of the epoxy polymer, the most pronounced effect was obtained in PABA decorated CNC based epoxy nanocomposites. The use of such tailored CNCs has great potential to mitigate UV induced degradation of a range of polymers that are used especially in outdoor applications where direct exposure to UV is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachiben Panchal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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16
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Improving Thermal Stability of Polyurethane through the Addition of Hyperbranched Polysiloxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040697. [PMID: 30995825 PMCID: PMC6523278 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane with hydroxy groups was functionalized to form functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, which subsequently underwent an addition reaction with isophorone diisocyanate to form the prepolymer. Next, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) reacted with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to produce bridged polysilsesquioxanes, and sol-gel technology was employed to form hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles with hydroxy groups, APTS-GPTS, which was used as the additive. The hyperbranched polysiloxane and the prepolymer containing NCO functional groups then underwent an addition reaction to produce the hybrid materials. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the structure of the polyurethane hybrid. Regarding thermal stability, after the hyperbranched polysiloxane nanoparticles was introduced, the integral procedural decomposition temperature increased from 348 °C for polyurethane matrix to 859 °C for the hybrid material. The results reveal that the thermal stability of the hybrid material substantially increased by approximately 247%.
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17
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Thermal Properties and Fracture Toughness of Epoxy Nanocomposites Loaded with Hyperbranched-Polymers-Based Core/Shell Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9030418. [PMID: 30871018 PMCID: PMC6473966 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized silicon oxide (silica) nanoparticles were functionalized with a hyperbranched polymer (HBP) achieving a core/shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) morphology. CSNPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). A core diameter of about 250 nm with a 15 nm thick shell was revealed using TEM images. An aeronautical epoxy resin was loaded with the synthesized CSNPs at different percentages and thermal properties, such as thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties, were investigated with the use of different techniques. Although the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of CSNPs induces a ~4 °C reduction of the hosting matrix glass transition temperature, a slight increase of the storage modulus of about ~10% was also measured. The Kissinger Method was employed in order to study the thermal stability of the nanocomposites; the degradation activation energies that resulted were higher for the sample loaded with low filler content with a maximum increase of both degradation step energies of about ~77% and ~20%, respectively. Finally, fracture toughness analysis revealed that both the critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and critical strain energy release rate (GIC) increased with the CSNPs content, reporting an increase of about 32% and 74%, respectively, for the higher filler loading.
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Barile C, Casavola C, Vimalathithan PK, Pugliese M, Maiorano V. Thermomechanical and Morphological Studies of CFRP Tested in Different Environmental Conditions. MATERIALS 2018; 12:ma12010063. [PMID: 30585218 PMCID: PMC6337625 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the mechanical characterization combined with the thermal degradation kinetics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). The thermal degradation kinetics of CFRP have never been studied in the past. In that regard, the present work focuses on studying the thermal degradation kinetics of CFRP tested mechanically at different environmental conditions. Tensile tests were performed on the specimens with different lay-ups at room temperature, elevated temperature (71 °C), and cryogenic conditions (−54 °C), and the same specimens were used for thermal degradation kinetic studies. Mechanical tests show different responses respect to the different environmental conditions and different fibers orientation. On the other hand, the thermogravimetric results, mass loss, and derivative mass loss, show no significant difference in the degradation of CFRP tested at different temperatures. However, the thermal degradation kinetics shows more insight into the degradation pattern of the materials. The activation energy of degradation shows that the degradation of materials subjected to elevated conditions increases rapidly in the later stages of degradation, suggesting the formation of high char yield. The varying activation energy has been related to different degradation mechanisms. Lastly, the morphology of the materials was studied under SEM to understand the structural change in the material after tested in different weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barile
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Casavola
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Pugliese
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia-CNR Nanotec-c/o Campus Ecotekne, strada provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Maiorano
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia-CNR Nanotec-c/o Campus Ecotekne, strada provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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19
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da Silva RR, Cavicchioli M, Lima LR, Otoni CG, Barud HS, Santagneli SH, Tercjak A, Amaral AC, Carvalho RA, Ribeiro SJL. Fabrication of Biocompatible, Functional, and Transparent Hybrid Films Based on Silk Fibroin and Epoxy Silane for Biophotonics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27905-27917. [PMID: 28715169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we explored the fabrication of flexible and transparent hybrids of silk fibroin (SF) and epoxy-modified siloxane for photonic applications. It is well-known that regenerated SF solutions can form free-standing films with high transparency. Although SF has a restricted number of chemically reactive side groups, the main issues of as-cast pristine SF films regard the high solubility into aqueous media, brittleness, and low thermal stability. The design of SF films with enhanced functionality but high transparency triggers new opportunities on a broader range of applications in biophotonics. Here we present a simple, functional, yet remarkably versatile hybrid material derived from silica sol-gel process based on SF protein and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), an organically modified silicon-alkoxide owning a reactive terminal epoxy group. Specifically, we investigated the effect of the addition of GPTMS into SF solutions on the processability, morphology, crystallinity, and mechanical and optical properties of the resulting hybrid films. Highly transparent (ca. 90%) and flexible free-standing hybrid films were achieved. Cell viability assays revealed that the hybrid films are noncytotoxic to rat osteoblast cells even at high GPTMS content (up to 70 wt %). The hybrid films showed enhanced thermal stability and were rich in organic (epoxy) and inorganic (silanol) functional groups according to the content of GPTMS. We also evaluated the successful preparation of high-quality optical red emissive SF hybrid films by loading YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles at low concentration (<5 wt %). A meaningful description of the hybrid film structure is reported from the combination of scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, vibrational spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, and X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson R da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Maurício Cavicchioli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Laís R Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Caio G Otoni
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, EMBRAPA-CNPDIA , São Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Hernane S Barud
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Silvia H Santagneli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group "Materials + Technologies" (GMT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - André C Amaral
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Renata A Carvalho
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara - UNIARA , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University , Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-970, Brazil
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20
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de Oliveira FM, Segatelli MG, Tarley CRT. Evaluation of a new water-compatible hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer combined with restricted access for the selective recognition of folic acid in binding assays. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Midori de Oliveira
- Departamento De Química; Universidade Estadual De Londrina; Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário Londrina PR CEP 86051-990 Brazil
| | - Mariana Gava Segatelli
- Departamento De Química; Universidade Estadual De Londrina; Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário Londrina PR CEP 86051-990 Brazil
| | - César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley
- Departamento De Química; Universidade Estadual De Londrina; Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário Londrina PR CEP 86051-990 Brazil
- Departamento De Química Analítica; Instituto Nacional De Ciência E Tecnologia (INCT) De Bioanalítica, Universidade Estadual De Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto De Química; Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz S/N Campinas SP CEP 13083-970 Brazil
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21
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Chairat A, Joulia X, Floquet P, Vergnes H, Ablitzer C, Fiquet O, Brothier M. Thermal degradation kinetics of a commercial epoxy resin-Comparative analysis of parameter estimation methods. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Chairat
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Xavier Joulia
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Pascal Floquet
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Hugues Vergnes
- Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique; 4, Allée Emile Monso F-31030 Toulouse France
- CNRS; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR 5503; F-31030 Toulouse France
| | - Carine Ablitzer
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Olivier Fiquet
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
| | - Meryl Brothier
- CEA; Cadarache, DEN/CAD/DEC/SPUA/LCU - Bât 315; 13108 St Paul Lez Durance France
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22
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Manafi P, Ghasemi I, Karrabi M, Azizi H, Manafi MR, Ehsaninamin P. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics (model-free kinetics) of nanocomposites based on poly (lactic acid)/graphene: the influence of functionalization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Preparation, characterization, and enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-titania composites. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:515739. [PMID: 24578638 PMCID: PMC3918394 DOI: 10.1155/2014/515739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis and thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-titania composites. First, submicron titania particles are prepared via surfactant-free sol-gel method using TiCl4 as precursor. These particles are subsequently used as inorganic fillers (or reinforcement) for thermally cured epoxy polymers. Epoxy-titania composites are prepared via mechanical mixing of titania particles with liquid epoxy resin and subsequently curing the mixture with an aliphatic diamine. The amount of titania particles integrated into epoxy matrix is varied between 2.5 and 10.0 wt.% to investigate the effect of sub-micron titania particles on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy-titania composites. These composites are characterized by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG), and mechanical analyses. It is found that sub-micron titania particles significantly enhance the glass transition temperature (>6.7%), thermal oxidative stability (>12.0%), tensile strength (>21.8%), and Young's modulus (>16.8%) of epoxy polymers. Epoxy-titania composites with 5.0 wt.% sub-micron titania particles perform best at elevated temperatures as well as under high stress.
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24
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Bi YT, Li ZJ, Liang W. Preparation and characterization of epoxy/SiO2
nanocomposites by cationic photopolymerization and sol-gel process. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tie Bi
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Condition Matter properties; Southwest University of Science and Technology and Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- College of science; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Li
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Condition Matter properties; Southwest University of Science and Technology and Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion; China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP); Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Wei Liang
- Joint Laboratory for Extreme Condition Matter properties; Southwest University of Science and Technology and Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP; Mianyang Sichuan 621010 China
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion; China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP); Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
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25
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Gu H, Guo J, He Q, Tadakamalla S, Zhang X, Yan X, Huang Y, Colorado HA, Wei S, Guo Z. Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Reinforced with Polyaniline-Stabilized Silica Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400275n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gu
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Qingliang He
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Sruthi Tadakamalla
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710,
United States
| | - Xi Zhang
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710,
United States
| | - Xingru Yan
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Henry A. Colorado
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90066, United States
| | - Suying Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710,
United States
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Lab (ICL), Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
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Hidalgo J, Jiménez-Morales A, Torralba J. Thermal stability and degradation kinetics of feedstocks for powder injection moulding – A new way to determine optimal solid loading? Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Siddiqi HM, Afzal A, Sajid S, Akhter Z. Synthesis, characterization and thermal oxidative stability of rigid epoxy polymers cured from aromatic mono- and di-amines. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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29
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Fabrication of monodisperse polymer/silica hybrid microparticles for improving light diffusion properties. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Zabihi O, Khodabandeh A, Mostafavi SM. Preparation, optimization and thermal characterization of a novel conductive thermoset nanocomposite containing polythiophene nanoparticles using dynamic thermal analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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31
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Gao J, Sun B, Li X, Ma Y. UV-Curable Coating of Unsaturated Polyester/Epoxy Resins Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.553850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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Song J, Chen G, Ding Y, Shi J, Liu Y, Li Q. Preparation and characterization of epoxy resin modified with alkoxysilane- functionalized poly(urethane-imide) by the sol-gel process. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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33
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The influence of temperature and interface strength on the microstructure and performance of sol–gel silica–epoxy nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Zhyltsova S, Mykhalchuk V, Platonova O, Biloshenko V. Epoxy-Silica Nanocomposites Based on Ethoxysilanes and Diglycidyl Ether of Dicyclohexylpropane. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht05.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Wen X, Zhang K, Wang Y, Han L, Han C, Zhang H, Chen S, Dong L. Study of the thermal stabilization mechanism of biodegradable poly(L-lactide)/silica nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Chiu YC, Chou IC, Tsai HC, Riang L, Ma CCM. Morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane side-chain epoxy hybrid material. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Chiang CL, Hsu SW. Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of novel epoxy/expandable graphite composites. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Montero B, RamÃrez C, Rico M, Barral L, DÃez J, López J. Effect of an epoxy octasilsesquioxane on the thermodegradation of an epoxy/amine system. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Chiu YC, Ma CCM, Liu FY, Chou IC, Chiang CL, Yang JC. Thermal degradation and flammability of P/Si polysilsesquioxane epoxy nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Synthesis, characterization and properties of halogen-free flame retardant PMMA nanocomposites containing nitrogen/ silicon prepared from the Sol-Gel method. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-009-9268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Tarrío-Saavedra J, López-Beceiro J, Naya S, Artiaga R. Effect of silica content on thermal stability of fumed silica/epoxy composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Kuan CF, Yen WH, Chen CH, Yuen SM, Kuan HC, Chiang CL. Synthesis, characterization, flame retardance and thermal properties of halogen-free expandable graphite/PMMA composites prepared from sol–gel method. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Montero B, Ramírez C, Rico M, Torres A, Cano J, López J. Mechanism of Thermal Degradation of an Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Based on an Epoxy‐POSS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Chiu YC, Ma CCM, Liu FY, Chiang CL, Riang L, Yang JC. Effect of P/Si polymeric silsesquioxane and the monomer compound on thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposite. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Liu P, Song J, He L, Liang X, Ding H, Li Q. Alkoxysilane functionalized polycaprolactone/polysiloxane modified epoxy resin through sol–gel process. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Liu P, He L, Song J, Liang X, Ding H. Microstructure and thermal properties of silyl-terminated polycaprolactone–polysiloxane modified epoxy resin composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Chang RC, Chiang CL, Chiu YC. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of novel organic/inorganic epoxy hybrids containing nitrogen/silicon via the sol-gel method. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Gao J, Jiang C, Zhang X. Kinetics of Curing and Thermal Degradation of POSS Epoxy Resin/DDS System. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00914030600710620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Canto C, Prado LDA, Radovanovic E, Yoshida I. Organic–inorganic hybrid materials derived from epoxy resin and polysiloxanes: Synthesis and characterization. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Foroutan M, Khoee S. Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(imide-silica) hybrid films. I. Nanocomposites prepared from HFPA and bis(4-amino phenyl) ether by sol–gel process. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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