1
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Li P, Wang J, Wang C, Xu C, Ni A. The Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of the Epoxy Modified by an Efficient DOPO-Based Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:631. [PMID: 38475315 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanical performance reduction caused by excessive phosphorus content in the halogen-free flame-retardant EP has been an obstacle to its extensive application. This study presents the effective synthesis of a novel flame-retardant BDD with great efficiency, achieving an optimum phosphorus level of merely 0.25 wt %. The structure of BDD was verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR and XPS spectra. To investigate the flame-retardant properties of BDD, several EPs with various phosphorus levels were synthesized. The addition of phosphorus to the EP significantly increases its LOI value from 25.8% to 33.4% at a phosphorus level of 0.25 wt%. Additionally, the resin achieves a V-0 grade in the UL 94 test. The P-HRR and THR of the modified resin measured by the cone calorimeter are also significantly reduced. At the same time, the addition of a modest quantity of BDD has a minimal impact on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. This study shows that the removal of hydroxyl groups significantly enhances the fire resistance of phosphate-based flame retardants, thereby providing a novel approach to synthesizing efficient flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changzeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aiqing Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Zhao N, Zou Y, Chen X, Weng H, Wang C, Zhu Y, Mei Y. Enhanced safety of polymer solid electrolytes by using black phosphorene as a flame-retardant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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3
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Rhili K, Chergui S, Samih ElDouhaibi A, Mazzah A, Siaj M. One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclomatrix-Type Polyphosphazene Microspheres and Their High Thermal Stability. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9137-9144. [PMID: 36936297 PMCID: PMC10018513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly cross-linked inorganic and organic hybrid cyclomatrix-polyphosphazenes microspheres (C-PPZs) have been successfully synthesized by a one-pot polymerization technique between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and p-phenylenediamine in the presence of triethylamine (TEA), and they were used for enhancing the flame retardancy of epoxy resins (EPs). A thermoset EP was prepared by incorporating different percentages (2, 5, and 10%) of C-PPZs into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The results reveal that the size and morphology of the microspheres can be tuned by varying the synthesis temperature. The average size of C-CPPZs gradually increased from 3.1, 4.9, to 7.8 μm as the temperature was increased from 100, 120, to 200 °C, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the C-CPPZ microspheres have good thermal stability up to 900 °C with about ∼10 wt % mass loss for C-CPPZs formed at 200 °C compared to ∼30 wt % mass loss for those obtained at 100 and 120 °C. The 10% loss at 900 °C is much lower than the previous research concerning the thermal stability of cyclophosphazene, in which more weight losses were observed at lower temperatures. The resulting C-CPPZ microspheres were characterized by spectroscopic and imaging techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Rhili
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Siham Chergui
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Samih ElDouhaibi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science III, Lebanese
University, Campus Mont
Michel, 1352 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed Mazzah
- Miniaturisation
pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique,
USR 3290, MSAP, Université de Lille,
CNRS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Siaj
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
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4
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Qian X, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang H, Yan S. Combining inherent and additive phosphorus-containing flame retardants for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects on polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foam. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Ou M, Lian R, Cui J, Guan H, Liu L, Jiao C, Chen X. Co-curing preparation of flame retardant and smoke-suppressive epoxy resin with a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137061. [PMID: 36328322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing ionic liquid derivatives have been proven to be effective flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP). Flame retardants can accelerate the curing process and improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP composites, which is challenging. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (TPP-PF6) was synthesized and used both as a co-curing agent with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and as a highly effective flame retardant for EP. It has been found that TPP-PF6 was conducive to improve the char formation of EP to inhibit the smoke release at high temperatures. For EP/TPP-PF6 composites, the flame-retardant performance was enhanced rapidly with the increase of TPP-PF6. With only 2 wt% of TPP-PF6, EP/2.0TPP-PF6 reached a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values of EP/2.0TPP-PF6 were reduced by 36.32%, 45.81%, and 15.1% compared with those of pure EP, respectively. The thermal degradation products and flame retardant mechanism in gas and condensed phases were studied. It was found that TPP-PF6 had flame retardant effect in the barrier effect of the condensed phase and the quenching effect of the gas phase. This work explores the high-efficiency flame retardant and smoke-suppressive structures with co-curing properties for EP, thus promoting the wide application of EP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Ou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Richeng Lian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Jiahui Cui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Haocun Guan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, PR China.
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6
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Synthesis of a phosphorus-based epoxy reactive flame retardant analog to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and its behavior as a matrix in a carbon fiber composite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Zhou H, Pan Z, Wu H, Wang D. Synthesis of low phosphorus flame retardant containing benzimidazole and hydroxyl and its application in reducing combustion smoke for epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hanjun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Technology Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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8
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Flame-retardant and anti-dripping coating for PET fabric with hydroxyl-containing cyclic phosphoramide. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Ma J, Wang D, Fu S. Structural design of flame‐retardant phosphatized unsaturated polyester resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
- R&D Department CHTC Helon (Weifang) New Materials Co., Ltd Weifang Shandong China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐Textile, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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10
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11
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Thermal and flame-retardant properties of intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin containing biphenyl structures and phosphorus. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Zhang Y, Yang W. Synthesis and characterization of PEDMCD as a flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2756-2766. [PMID: 35424242 PMCID: PMC8693887 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a highly effective flame retardant agent, called polybicyclopentaerythritol phosphate-O-4-imino-p-phenylmethane-4-imino-2-chloro-1,3,5-s-triazine (PEDMCD), has been prepared through a direct polycondensation reaction. PEDMCD was incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to improve the flame retardancy of EP. The molecular structure and thermal stability of PEDMCD were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Further, the structural properties, composition, and thermal stability of the PEDMCD/EP composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PEDMCD exhibited both high thermal stability and high flame-retardant performance; these properties were attributed to the phosphorus-containing structure on the side groups and a triazine structure as the molecular backbone, which played the role of a foaming carbon source. With the addition of PEDMCD, the flame-retardant behavior of PEDMCD/EP composites was gradually enhanced. Furthermore, the amount of char residue of the PEDMCD/EP composite at 500 °C was increased from 21% to 34%. The peak value of the mass loss rate of PEDMCD/EP decreased from 0.52 to 0.35 g s-1. Further, the TSP of the sample decreased from 44.2 m2 to 24.6 m2, and the total oxygen consumption decreased from 64.2 g to 30.4 g. Accordingly, owing to the incorporation of PEDMCD, EP begins to decompose sooner, and the carbon layer formed by decomposition reduces the decomposition rate of the EP matrix. Based on the results of characterization measurements and flame retardancy testing, it is confirmed that PEDMCD exhibits good flame retardancy when applied in EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Vocational College of Science & Technology Weifang 261053 China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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13
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Hajibeygi M, Habibnejad N, Shabanian M, Khonakdar HA. Fabrication and study of thermal and combustion resistance of
DOPO
‐functionalized polyamide reinforced with organo‐modified Mg(
OH
)
2
nanoparticles. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meisam Shabanian
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petrochemical Engineering Standard Research Institute (SRI) Karaj Iran
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14
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Chemically and Physically Modified Flame-Retardant Silicone-Acrylic Emulsion Adhesive for Electrostatic Flocking. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Chen YK, Lu QX, Zhong G, Zhang HG, Chen MF, Liu CP. DOPO
‐based curing flame retardant of epoxy composite material for char formation and intumescent flame retardance. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Qing Xin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Gang Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Hua Gui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Ming Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
| | - Can Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China
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16
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Ai YF, Pang FQ, Xu YL, Jian RK. Multifunctional Phosphorus-Containing Triazolyl Amine toward Self-Intumescent Flame-Retardant and Mechanically Strong Epoxy Resin with High Transparency. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fu-Qu Pang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan-Lian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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17
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Sim M, Shim J, Lee J, Cha S. Preparation of a novel phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant and its effects on the flame retardancy and physical properties of polyketone. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Ji Sim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKyonggi University Yeongtong‐gu, Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Shim
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Hyosung R&DB Labs Dongan‐gu, Anyang‐Si Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKyonggi University Yeongtong‐gu, Suwon Republic of Korea
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18
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Leng Y, Xu M, Sun Y, Li B. Simultaneously improving the thermal conductive and flame retardant performance for epoxy resins thermosets by constructing core‐shell‐brush structure and distributing of MWCNTs in brush intervals. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Leng
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Yue Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Lab of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource UtilizationNortheast Forestry University Harbin China
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19
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Improved flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites modified with a low additive content of silica-microencapsulated phosphazene flame retardant. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Bao Q, Wang B, Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang Z. Epoxy resin flame retarded and toughed via flexible siloxane chain containing phosphaphenanthrene. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Sag J, Goedderz D, Kukla P, Greiner L, Schönberger F, Döring M. Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2019; 24:E3746. [PMID: 31627395 PMCID: PMC6833091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Daniela Goedderz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kukla
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Lara Greiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Frank Schönberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Manfred Döring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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22
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Zhu ZM, Shang K, Wang LX, Wang JS. Synthesis of an effective bio-based flame-retardant curing agent and its application in epoxy resin: Curing behavior, thermal stability and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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24
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Duan H, Ji S, Yin T, Tao X, Chen Y, Ma H. Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Duan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologyWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Sa Ji
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Teng Yin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Huiru Ma
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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25
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Liu H, Lin N, Yu Y, Li X, Chang G. Preparation and characterization of a novel transparent flame retardant unsaturated phosphate ester polymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, National Engineering Technology Center for Insulation Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang, 621010 People's Republic of China
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26
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Pan Y, Liu L, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y. Hypophosphorous acid cross-linked layer-by-layer assembly of green polyelectrolytes on polyester-cotton blend fabrics for durable flame-retardant treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Flame-retarding epoxy resin with an efficient P/N/S-containing flame retardant: Preparation, thermal stability, and flame retardance. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Yang S, Hu Y, Zhang Q. Synthesis of a phosphorus–nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318756496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a phosphorus–nitrogen-containing flame retardant (DOPO-T) was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and cyanuric chloride. The chemical structure of DOPO-T was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and phosphorous-31 NMR, and elemental analysis. DOPO-T was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins. Thermal properties, flame retardancy, and combustion behavior of the cured epoxy resins were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results indicated that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) and temperature at 5% weight loss of epoxy resin (EP)/DOPO-T thermosets were gradually decreased with the increasing content of DOPO-T. DOPO-T catalyzed the decomposition of EP matrix in advance. The flame-retardant performance of EP thermosets was significantly enhanced with the addition of DOPO-T. EP/DOPO-T-0.9 sample had an LOI value of 36.2% and achieved UL94 V-1 rating. In addition, the average of heat release rate, peak of heat release rate, average of effective heat of combustion, and total heat release (THR) of EP/DOPO-T-0.9 sample were decreased by 32%, 48%, 23%, and 31%, respectively, compared with the neat EP sample. Impressively, EP/DOPO-T thermosets acquired excellent flame retardancy under low loading of flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yefa Hu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Xu MJ, Xia SY, Liu C, Li B. Preparation of Poly(phosphoric acid piperazine) and Its Application as an Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Qu L, Zhang C, Li P, Dai X, Xu T, Sui Y, Gu J, Dou Y. Improved thermal properties of epoxy resin modified with polymethyl methacrylate-microencapsulated phosphorus-nitrogen-containing flame retardant. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29816-29829. [PMID: 35547319 PMCID: PMC9085426 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin (EP) composites with improved thermal resistance were fabricated. To solve the problem of low thermal resistance derived from phosphazene flame-retardant additives, we designed a system based on flame-retardant microcapsules P(H), with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene as the core and polymethyl methacrylate as the shell. The core–shell structure was characterized and confirmed. The thermal resistance of the cured EP composites containing 1 wt% P(H) microcapsules was improved because of the increased glass transition temperatures. The P(2.75H)/EP composites can reach a limited oxygen index of 30.5% and V-1 rating in UL-94 tests. Heat and gas release rates were reduced during combustion tests. Residual images implied that the P(H) microcapsules may promote the formation of a flame-retardant char layer. Pyrolysis analysis demonstrated that the P(H) microcapsules can decompose in two procedures to produce flame-retardant gas components. Therefore, the flame-retardant mechanism involved the flame inhibition effect in the gas phase, and the charring effect in the condensed phase. Epoxy resin composites with improved thermal resistance and flame retardancy were fabricated based on P(H) microcapsules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Peihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Tianlu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Yanlong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
| | - Jinjia Gu
- Jiangsu Oseaguard Building Materials & Technology Development Co., Ltd
- Nanjing 210000
- P. R. China
| | - Yanli Dou
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
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31
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Yang JW, Wang ZZ. Thermal and flame retardant properties of epoxy resin cured by a novel phosphorus-containing 4,4′-bisphenol novolac curing agent. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1358170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Zhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, P.R. China
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32
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Li R, Zhang H, Zhou C, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zou H, Liang M. The thermal stability investigation of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate/siloxane-modified epoxy resin composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Haoruo Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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33
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Cao Y, Wang XL, Zhang WQ, Yin XW, Shi YQ, Wang YZ. Bi-DOPO Structure Flame Retardants with or without Reactive Group: Their Effects on Thermal Stability and Flammability of Unsaturated Polyester. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Zhang
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xue-Wu Yin
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yue-Quan Shi
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable
and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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34
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Wang M, Fang S, Zhang H. Study on flame retardancy of TGDDM epoxy resin blended with inherent flame-retardant epoxy ether. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317694077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, inherent flame-retardant epoxy ether, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-[1,1-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)ethyl]-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DPBAEP), with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide moieties was synthesized via an economical method and was used to improve the flame retardancy of 4,4′-tetradiglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM). A series of epoxy resins were prepared and cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. The glass transition temperatures ( Tg) of resin composites were above 243°C and decreased only slightly after DPBAEP was added. The thermal stabilities under the nitrogen (N2) and air atmosphere were also measured using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that DPBAEP had a high decomposition temperature and affected the thermal degradation and promoted the charring of resins. When only over 5 wt% of DPBAEP was introduced, the thermosets obtained a high limiting oxygen index value of around 33.0%, achieved vertical burning V-0 rating and presented fast-swelling char barriers. In order to better understand the flame-retardant mechanisms, the residual char was investigated by scanning electron microscopy observation and Fourier transform infrared spectra. We inferred that the phosphorus (P) moieties reacted with the resin matrix, which played a significant role in promoting the formation of char with special structure, as well as making it rich and tough enough. This kind of char barrier could protect the underlying resin matrix against oxygen and heat transfer and inhibited volatile combustible from diffusing to the flame. Hence, thanks to the synergistic effect of P–N and the excellent compatibility, DPBAEP could impart excellent flame retardancy to TGDDM epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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35
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Xiao D, Li Z, Gohs U, Wagenknecht U, Voit B, Wang DY. Functionalized allylamine polyphosphate as a novel multifunctional highly efficient fire retardant for polypropylene. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient novel allylamine polyphosphate (AAPP) as a flame retardant (FR) crosslinker is used to improve the thermal stability of flame retarded polypropylene (PP) composites under electron beam treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
| | - Zhi Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- 28906 Getafe
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Uwe Gohs
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Udo Wagenknecht
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers
| | - De-Yi Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- IMDEA Materials Institute
- 28906 Getafe
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36
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Tang S, Wachtendorf V, Klack P, Qian L, Dong Y, Schartel B. Enhanced flame-retardant effect of a montmorillonite/phosphaphenanthrene compound in an epoxy thermoset. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective barrier effect of OMMT and the flame-inhibition effect of TAD jointly exerted a superior flame-retardant effect, resulting in sufficient flame-retardant effect on epoxy thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tang
- School of Materials
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
| | - Volker Wachtendorf
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Patrick Klack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
| | - Yuping Dong
- School of Materials
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung (BAM)
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
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37
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Yang JW, Wang ZZ, Liu L. Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-containing dicyclopentadiene novolac hardener and its cured epoxy resin with improved thermal stability and flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Zhou Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 People's Republic of China
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38
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Gas-phase flame-retardant effects of a bi-group compound based on phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Krishnadevi K, Selvaraj V. Development of cyclophosphazene and rice husk ash incorporated epoxy composites for high performance applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Wang G, Nie Z. Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-containing epoxy curing agent and the thermal, mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the cured products. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Wang Z, Wu W, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu B. Effects of silane-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of bismaleimide resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315602320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (MWCNT-APTES) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10 phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added into the 4,4′-bismaleimidophenyl methane (BDM)/2,2′-diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) resins to prepare the flame retardant resins. Morphological observations reveal that the MWCNT-APTES is homogeneously dispersed in the matrix. The impact strength of the resin is improved by adding MWCNT-APTES. Meanwhile, BDM/DBA containing DOPO/MWCNT-APTES achieves vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and a higher limiting oxygen index. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy measurements have demonstrated that MWCNT-APTES resulted in the increase in char yield and the formation of the thermally stable carbonaceous char. The results of Raman show that the MWCNT-APTES can enhance the graphitization degree of the resin during combustion. All the investigations show that the combination of DOPO and MWCNT-APTES is an effective additive to develop high-performance resins with attractive flame retardance and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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42
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Mao W, Li S, Li M, Yang X, Song J, Wang M, Xia J, Huang K. A novel flame retardant UV-curable vinyl ester resin monomer based on industrial dipentene: Preparation, characterization, and properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF; Beijing 10091 China
| | - Shouhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF; Beijing 10091 China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF; Beijing 10091 China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF; Beijing 10091 China
| | - Kun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
- Institute of Forest New Technology, CAF; Beijing 10091 China
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43
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Wang S, Xin F, Chen Y, Qian L, Chen Y. Phosphorus-nitrogen containing polymer wrapped carbon nanotubes and their flame-retardant effect on epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Wang J, Tang Y. Synthesis of a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing compound based on maleimide and cyclotriphosphazene and its flame-retardant mechanism on epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Shen L, Zheng J, Wang Y, Lu M, Wu K. Influence of hydrogen bonding interactions on the properties of ultraviolet-curable coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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46
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Xie C, Du J, Dong Z, Sun S, Zhao L, Dai L. Improving thermal and flame-retardant properties of epoxy resins by a new imine linkage phosphorous-containing curing agent. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xie
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Jifu Du
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhao
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
- Nuclear Chemical Engineering Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Environmental Functional Material Laboratory; Hubei Collaboration Innovative Center for Non-Power Nuclear Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
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47
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Xu MJ, Xu GR, Leng Y, Li B. Synthesis of a novel flame retardant based on cyclotriphosphazene and DOPO groups and its application in epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Xu W, Wirasaputra A, Liu S, Yuan Y, Zhao J. Highly effective flame retarded epoxy resin cured by DOPO-based co-curing agent. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Novel crosslinkable epoxy resins containing phenylacetylene and azobenzene groups: From thermal crosslinking to flame retardance. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Kong QH, Zhao XM, Zhu P, Zhao J, Esteban-Cubillo A, Santarén J, Wang DY. Effect of Fe3O4-doped sepiolite on the flammability and thermal degradation properties of epoxy composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Fangzhi Road, 1 Wuhan 430073 China
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
| | - Qing-Hong Kong
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
| | - Xiao-Min Zhao
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan Textile University; Fangzhi Road, 1 Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre; Panyu District 510006 Guangzhou China
| | | | - Julio Santarén
- Tolsa S. A. R. & D. Departmen; Carretera de Madrid a Rivas Jarama, 35 28031 Madrid Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe 28906 Madrid Spain
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