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Kulig D, Król-Kilińska Ż, Bobak Ł, Żarowska B, Jarmoluk A, Zimoch-Korzycka A. Functional Properties of Chitosan Oligomers Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3801. [PMID: 37765659 PMCID: PMC10534541 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to obtain chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan (CH) with improved functional properties and comparison of the use of two different enzymes: commercial cellulase (CL) and the dedicated enzyme chitosanase (CS). After enzymatic reaction, chitosan oligomers (NFs) were isolated by methanol into two fractions: precipitate (HMF) and supernatant (LMF). The occurrence of a hydrolysis reaction was confirmed by an increased reducing sugar content and viscosity reduction of chitosan oligomers. CPMAS 13C NMR analysis confirmed the dissimilar cleavage mechanism of the enzymes used. LMF and NF fractions were characterised by improved solubility in water (94.56%) compared to the HMF and CH samples (70.64%). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the HMF decomposed in two-stage process while CH, NF, and LMF decomposed in a three-stage process. The greatest mass loss of LMF samples (58.35%) suggests their sensitivity to high-temperature treatments. COS were a mixture of DP (degrees of polymerisation) from 3 to 18 hetero-chitooligomers, with an average Mw of <3 kDa. CL consisted of more low-DP products (DP 3-7) than COS made with CS. LMF characterised by DP~2 showed lower DPPH radical scavenging activity than HMF and NF with DP 3-7. The ability to reduce Escherichia coli increased in the given order: LMF > NF > HMF > CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kulig
- Department of Functional Food Development, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.K.-K.); (Ł.B.); (A.J.); (A.Z.-K.)
| | - Żaneta Król-Kilińska
- Department of Functional Food Development, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.K.-K.); (Ł.B.); (A.J.); (A.Z.-K.)
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Development, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.K.-K.); (Ł.B.); (A.J.); (A.Z.-K.)
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Jarmoluk
- Department of Functional Food Development, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.K.-K.); (Ł.B.); (A.J.); (A.Z.-K.)
| | - Anna Zimoch-Korzycka
- Department of Functional Food Development, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chelmonskiego St., 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ż.K.-K.); (Ł.B.); (A.J.); (A.Z.-K.)
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2
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Liaqat F, Akgün İH, Khazi MI, Eltem R. Characterization of different chitosanases of Bacillus strains and their application in chitooligosaccharides production. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:404-416. [PMID: 35849112 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanases are potential candidates for chitooligosaccharides (COS) production-based industries, therefore, the discovery of chitosanases having commercial potential will remain a priority worldwide. This study aims to characterize different chitosanases of Bacillus strains for COS production. Six different indigenous Bacillus strains (B. cereus EGE-B-6.1m, B. cereus EGE-B-2.5m, B. cereus EGE-B-5.5m, B. cereus EGE-B-10.4i, B. thuringiensis EGE-B-3.5m, and B. mojavensis EGE-B-5.2i) were used to purify and characterize chitosanases. All purified chitosanases have a similar molecular weight (37 kDa) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, other characteristics such as optimum temperature and pH, kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax ), temperature, and pH stabilities were dissimilar among the strains of different Bacillus species and within the same species. Furthermore, chitosanases of all strains were able to successfully hydrolyze chitosan to COS and oligomers of the degree of polymerization 2-6 were detected with chitobiose and chitotriose as major hydrolysis products. The relative yields of COS were in a range of 19%-31% and chitosanase of B. thuringiensis EGE-B-3.5m turned out to be the best enzyme in terms of its characteristics and COS production potential with maximum relative yield (31%). Results revealed that Bacillus chitosanases could be used directly for efficient bioconversion of chitosan into COS and will be valuable for large-scale production of biologically active COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhra Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - İsmail Hakki Akgün
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Mahammed Ilyas Khazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Rengin Eltem
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
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3
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Zhao XP, Liu J, Sui ZJ, Xu MJ, Zhu ZY. Preparation and antibacterial effect of chitooligosaccharides monomers with different polymerization degrees from crab shell chitosan by enzymatic hydrolysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:164-174. [PMID: 35307889 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the structure and antibacterial properties of chitooligosaccharide monomers with different polymerization degrees and to provide a theoretical basis for inhibiting Salmonella infection. Chitosan was used as a raw material to prepare and separate low-molecular-weight chitooligosaccharides. Chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose were obtained by gradient elution with cation exchange resin. The molecular weights and acetyl groups of the three monomers were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Three chitooligosaccharide monomers were used to explore the antibacterial effect on Salmonella. The results showed that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 92.6%, and the enzyme activity of chitosanase was 102.53 U/g. Within 18 h, chitosan was enzymatically hydrolyzed to chitooligosaccharides containing chitobiose, chitotriose, and chitotetraose, which were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and MALDI-TOF. MALD-TOF and TLC showed that the separation of monomers with ion exchange resins was effective, and NMR showed that there was no acetyl group. Chitobiose had a poor inhibitory effect on Salmonella, and chitotriose and chitotetraose had equivalent antibacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Jun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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4
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Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Wang B, Wang L, Qu Y, Lu J, Xia W. Chitosan oligosaccharides exert neuroprotective effects via modulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway in a Parkinsonian model. Food Funct 2022; 13:5838-5853. [PMID: 35545086 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is a threat to patients due to the inability to prevent or decelerate disease progression. Currently, most clinical drugs for the treatment of PD are synthetic drugs that always present undesirable adverse or toxic effects. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a natural oligosaccharide that has been considered relatively safe and studied in the therapeutic effects on different types of neuronal disorders. In this study, we separated four COS monomers (COSs) including chitobiose (COS2), chitotriose (COS3), chitotetraose (COS4) and chitopentaose (COS5) to explore their structure-activity relationship in PD mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Techniques including TLC, HPLC, MS, and NMR were applied to investigate the purity and structure of the COSs. After the oral administration of COSs, behavior indexes, pathological indexes, cytokines, and expression of proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway of the mice were analyzed. The results showed that the four COSs were fully deacetylated and the purity was >90%. Additionally, the neurobehavioral deficits of the PD mice were improved by treatment with COSs. The results further proved that COSs could protect the TH-labelled dopaminergic neurons via reducing the overexpression of α-synuclein, alleviating neuroinflammation, and activating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway to reduce apoptosis. COS3 exhibited a better effect on protecting dopaminergic neurons; however, COS2 provided a better effect on reducing the overexpression of α-synuclein. To conclude, the neuroprotective activity makes COSs a viable candidate as an ingredient for healthcare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yufei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Jingyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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6
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Gonçalves C, Ferreira N, Lourenço L. Production of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides (COS): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2466. [PMID: 34372068 PMCID: PMC8348454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a biopolymer with high added value, and its properties are related to its molecular weight. Thus, high molecular weight values provide low solubility of chitosan, presenting limitations in its use. Based on this, several studies have developed different hydrolysis methods to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan. Acid hydrolysis is still the most used method to obtain low molecular weight chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. However, the use of acids can generate environmental impacts. When different methods are combined, gamma radiation and microwave power intensity are the variables that most influence acid hydrolysis. Otherwise, in oxidative hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide, a long time is the limiting factor. Thus, it was observed that the most efficient method is the association between the different hydrolysis methods mentioned. However, this alternative can increase the cost of the process. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the most studied method due to its environmental advantages and high specificity. However, hydrolysis time and process cost are factors that still limit industrial application. In addition, the enzymatic method has a limited association with other hydrolysis methods due to the sensitivity of the enzymes. Therefore, this article seeks to extensively review the variables that influence the main methods of hydrolysis: acid concentration, radiation intensity, potency, time, temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate ratio, observing their influence on molecular weight, yield, and characteristic of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleidiane Gonçalves
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
- Institute of Health and Animal Production, Amazon Rural Federal University, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
| | - Lúcia Lourenço
- Institute of Technology, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil;
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7
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Chapelle C, David G, Caillol S, Negrell C, Durand G, Desroches le Foll M, Trombotto S. Water-Soluble 2,5-Anhydro-d-mannofuranose Chain End Chitosan Oligomers of a Very Low Molecular Weight: Synthesis and Characterization. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4353-4360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chapelle
- Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire (IAM), 8 rue de l’école Normale, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX
5, France
| | - Ghislain David
- Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire (IAM), 8 rue de l’école Normale, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX
5, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire (IAM), 8 rue de l’école Normale, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX
5, France
| | - Claire Negrell
- Ingénierie et Architecture Macromoléculaire (IAM), 8 rue de l’école Normale, 34296 Montpellier CEDEX
5, France
| | - Graziella Durand
- CST COLAS, 4 Rue Jean Mermoz CS 30504, 78771 Magny-les-Hameaux Cedex, France
| | | | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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8
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Marine Waste Utilization as a Source of Functional and Health Compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 87:187-254. [PMID: 30678815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Consumer demand for convenience has led to large quantities of seafood being value-added processed before marketing, resulting in large amounts of marine by-products being generated by processing industries. Several bioconversion processes have been proposed to transform some of these by-products. In addition to their relatively low value conventional use as animal feed and fertilizers, several investigations have been reported that have demonstrated the potential to add value to viscera, heads, skins, fins, trimmings, and crab and shrimp shells by extraction of lipids, bioactive peptides, enzymes, and other functional proteins and chitin that can be used in food and pharmaceutical applications. This chapter is focused on reviewing the opportunities for utilization of these marine by-products. The chapter discusses the various products and bioactive compounds that can be obtained from seafood waste and describes various methods that can be used to produce these products with the aim of highlighting opportunities to add value to these marine waste streams.
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9
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Metabolic engineering for the production of chitooligosaccharides: advances and perspectives. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:377-388. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOs) and its related compounds chitosan oligosaccharides (CSOs), collectively known as chitooligosaccharides (COs), exhibit numerous biological activities in applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. COs are currently produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin or chitosan, or enzymatic techniques with uncontrollable polymerization. Microbial fermentation by recombinant Escherichia coli, as an alternative method for the production of COs, shows new potential because it can produce a well-defined COs mixture and is an environmentally friendly process. In addition, Bacillus subtilis, a nonpathogenic, endotoxin-free, GRAS status bacterium, presents a new opportunity as a platform to produce COs. Here, we review the applications of COs and differences between CTOs and CSOs, summarize the current preparation approaches of COs, and discuss the future research potentials and challenges in the production of well-defined COs in B. subtilis by metabolic engineering.
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10
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Liang S, Sun Y, Dai X. A Review of the Preparation, Analysis and Biological Functions of Chitooligosaccharide. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082197. [PMID: 30060500 PMCID: PMC6121578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS), which is acknowledged for possessing multiple functions, is a kind of low-molecular-weight polymer prepared by degrading chitosan via enzymatic, chemical methods, etc. COS has comprehensive applications in various fields including food, agriculture, pharmacy, clinical therapy, and environmental industries. Besides having excellent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, adsorptive abilities and non-toxicity like chitin and chitosan, COS has better solubility. In addition, COS has strong biological functions including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects, etc. The present paper has summarized the preparation methods, analytical techniques and biological functions to provide an overall understanding of the application of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Department of Food Sciences, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China.
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
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11
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Najafabadi SAA, Honarkar H, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Tahriri M, Tayebi L. UV irradiation-
$$\hbox {H}_{2} \hbox {O}_{2}$$
H
2
O
2
system as an effective combined depolymerization technique to produce oligosaccharides from chitosan. Biodes Manuf 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-018-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Villa-Lerma G, González-Márquez H, Gimeno M, Trombotto S, David L, Ifuku S, Shirai K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin pretreated by rapid depressurization from supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane toward highly acetylated oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:180-186. [PMID: 26970920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of chitin treated under supercritical conditions was successfully carried out using chitinases obtained by an optimized fermentation of the fungus Lecanicillium lecanii. The biopolymer was subjected to a pretreatment based on suspension in supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (scR134a), which possesses a critical temperature and pressure of 101°C and 40bar, respectively, followed by rapid depressurization to atmospheric pressure and further fibrillation. This methodology was compared to control untreated chitins and chitin subjected to steam explosion showing improved production of reducing sugars (0.18mg/mL), enzymatic hydrolysis and high acetylation (FA of 0.45) in products with degrees of polymerization between 2 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Villa-Lerma
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico
| | - Miquel Gimeno
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 15 bd A. Latarjet, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent David
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 15 bd A. Latarjet, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Koyamacho-minami 4-101, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture 680-8550, Japan
| | - Keiko Shirai
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, Iztapalapa, México City, Mexico.
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Recent Progress in Chitosanase Production of Monomer-Free Chitooligosaccharides: Bioprocess Strategies and Future Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:883-899. [PMID: 27206559 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological activities of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are well documented, and numerous reports of COS production using specific and non-specific enzymes are available. However, strategies for improving the overall yield by making it monomer free need to be developed. Continuous enzymatic production from chitosan derived from marine wastes is desirable and is cost-effective. Isolation of potential microbes showing chitosanase activity from various ecological niches, gene cloning, enzyme immobilization, and fractionation/purification of COS are some areas, where lot of work is in progress. This review covers recent measures to improve monomer-free COS production using chitosanase/non-specific enzymes and purification/fractionation of these molecules using ultrafiltration and column chromatographic techniques. Various bioprocess strategies, gene cloning for enhanced chitosanase enzyme production, and other measures for COS yield improvements have also been covered in this review. COS derivative preparation as well as COS-coated nanoparticles for efficient drug delivery are being focused in recent studies.
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Tantiplapol T, Singsawat Y, Narongsil N, Damrongsakkul S, Saito N, Prasertsung I. Influences of solution plasma conditions on degradation rate and properties of chitosan. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Mateos-Aparicio I, Mengíbar M, Heras A. Effect of chito-oligosaccharides over human faecal microbiota during fermentation in batch cultures. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 137:617-624. [PMID: 26686171 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan with high number of deacetylated units, its reacetylated derivative and COS obtained through an enzymatic treatment with chitosanase were tested in pH controlled batch cultures to investigate the ability of the human faecal microbiota to utilise them. Chitosan derivatives with high number of deacetylated units decreased the bacterial populations: Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides, C. Histolyticum and Bacteroides/Prevotella. On the other hand, chitosan derivatives with high content of acetylated residues maintained the tested bacterial groups and could increase Lactobacillus/Enterococcus. Regarding short chain fatty acids (SCFA), only low Mw COS increased the production in similar levels than fructo-oligossacharides (FOS). The acetylated chitosans and their COS do not appear as potential prebiotics but did not affect negatively the faecal microbiota, while derivatives with high number of deacetylated units could induce a colonic microbiota imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Mateos-Aparicio
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marian Mengíbar
- Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Departamento de Química Física II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Heras
- Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Departamento de Química Física II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Dan G, Zhang ZH, Zeng XA, Han Z, Luo WB, Tang C, Quek SY. Synergetic Effects of Pulsed Electric Field and Ozone Treatments on the Degradation of High Molecular Weight Chitosan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2014-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A synergetic method integrating both pulsed electric field (PEF) and ozone treatment was developed as a novel approach to investigate the degradation of high molecular weight chitosan (Mw=4.5×105 Da). A device integrating both components was designed and assembled for the experiments. Results showed that the highest degradation percentage of chitosan was achieved with PEF/ozone co-treatment generated at experimental conditions of 1.2 L/min of ozone flow rate, 100 mL/min of 0.6% (w/v) chitosan solution flow rate, and 26.7 kV/cm of PEF intensity. The degradation percentage after 60 min PEF treatment was 24.89%, whereas it was improved to 94.89% by ozone treatment for 60 min. Combining the two treatments resulted in enhanced degradation percentage of 99.56%, with low molecular weights sample (Mw<2,500 Da) obtained. FTIR analysis demonstrated that the amide structure of the degradation products was minimally affected by the co-treatment. XRD pattern indicated that the crystallinity of the degradation products decreased. In addition, it could complete dissolve in water after 60 min PEF/ozone co-treatment. These results demonstrated the synergetic PEF/ozone co-treatment as an effective method for degradation of high molecular weight chitosan.
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Dong H, Wang Y, Zhao L, Zhou J, Xia Q, Qiu Y. Key Technologies of Enzymatic Preparation for DP 6-8 Chitooligosaccharides. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yaosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Jiachun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Quanming Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
| | - Yongjun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology; Shanghai China
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Khasanova LM, Il’ina AV, Varlamov VP, Sinitsyna OA, Sinitsyn AP. Hydrolysis of chitozan with an enzyme complex from Myceliophthora sp. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Montilla A, Ruiz-Matute AI, Corzo N, Giacomini C, Irazoqui G. Enzymatic generation of chitooligosaccharides from chitosan using soluble and immobilized glycosyltransferase (Branchzyme). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10360-10367. [PMID: 24090050 DOI: 10.1021/jf403321r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides possessing remarkable biological properties can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin. In this work, the chitosanase activity of soluble and immobilized glycosyltransferase (Branchzyme) toward chitosan and biochemical characterization are described for the first time. This enzyme was found to be homotetrameric with a molecular weight of 256 kDa, an isoelectric point of 5.3, and an optimal temperature range of between 50 and 60 °C. It was covalently immobilized to glutaraldehyde-agarose with protein and activity immobilization yields of 67% and 17%, respectively. Immobilization improved enzyme stability, increasing its half-life 5-fold, and allowed enzyme reuse for at least 25 consecutive cycles. The chitosanase activity of Branchzyme on chitosan was similar for the soluble and immobilized forms. The reaction mixture was constituted by chitooligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization of between 2 and 20, with a higher concentration having degrees of polymerization of 3-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Montilla
- Departamento Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) , Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Su P, Wang S, Shi Y, Yang Y. Application of cellulase-polyamidoamine dendrimer-modified silica for microwave-assisted chitosan enzymolysis. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ma F, Wang Z, Zhao H, Tian S. Plasma depolymerization of chitosan in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7788-7797. [PMID: 22837727 PMCID: PMC3397559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13067788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The depolymerization of chitosan by plasma in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The efficiency of the depolymerization was demonstrated by means of determination of viscosity-average molecular weight and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The structure of the depolymerized chitosan was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectra (UV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that chitosan can be effectively degradated by plasma in the presence of H2O2. The chemical structure of the depolymerized chitosan was not obviously modified. The combined plasma/H2O2 method is significantly efficient for scale-up manufacturing of low molecular weight chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (F.M.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (F.M.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-451-86283022; Fax: +86-451-86282909
| | - Haitian Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (F.M.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuangqi Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (F.M.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
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Chitooligosaccharides as Potential Nutraceuticals. MARINE MEDICINAL FOODS - IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS - ANIMALS AND MICROBES 2012; 65:321-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mourya VK, Inamdar NN, Choudhari YM. Chitooligosaccharides: Synthesis, characterization and applications. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x11070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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