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Li Y, Wang S, Qian S, Liu Z, Weng Y, Zhang Y. Depolymerization and Re/Upcycling of Biodegradable PLA Plastics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13509-13521. [PMID: 38559974 PMCID: PMC10976375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the escalating utilization of plastic products, global attention has been increasingly drawn to environmental pollution and recycling challenges stemming from plastic waste. Against this backdrop, biodegradable plastics have emerged as viable alternatives owing to their sustainability and capacity for biodegradation. Polylactic acid (PLA) presently commands the largest market share among biodegradable plastics, finding extensive application in products such as thin films, medical materials, and biodegradable straws. However, the widespread adoption of PLA is hindered by challenges such as high cost, low recycling rates, and complete degradation to H2O and CO2 in natural conditions. Therefore, it is imperative and time-sensitive to explore solutions for the depolymerization and re/upcycling of PLA waste plastics. This review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of PLA recycling methods, emphasizing the advantages and significance of chemical re/upcycling. The subsequent exploration encompasses recent breakthroughs and technical obstacles inherent in diverse chemical depolymerization methods. Ultimately, this review accentuates the impediments and forthcoming possibilities in the realm of PLA plastics, emphasizing the pursuit of closed-loop recycling and upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingChao Li
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Song Qian
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yujing Weng
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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2
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Torcasio SM, Oliva R, Montesi M, Panseri S, Bassi G, Mazzaglia A, Piperno A, Coulembier O, Scala A. Three-armed RGD-decorated starPLA-PEG nanoshuttle for docetaxel delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213043. [PMID: 35914327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel star-shaped amphiphilic copolymer based on three poly(lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG) terminal arms extending from a glycerol multifunctional core was newly synthesized and decorated with the tumor-targeting ligand cyclic-RGDyK peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) to be eventually formulated in polymeric micelles incorporating a suitable anticancer drug (i.e., Docetaxel, DTX; drug loading 16 %, encapsulation efficiency 69 %). The biological profile of unloaded micelles (RGD-NanoStar) was studied on Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Ad-MSCs) as health control, pointing out the absence of toxicity. Surprisingly, an unprecedented effect on cell viability was exerted by RGD-NanoStar, comparable to that of the free DTX, on tumoral MDA-MB 468 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma cells, specifically starting from 48 h of culture (about 40 % and 60 % of dead cells at 48 and 72 h, respectively, at all tested concentrations). RGD-NanoStar reduced the cell viability also of tumoral U87 Human Glioblastoma cells, compared to cells only, at 72 h (about 25 % of dead cells) demonstrating a time-dependent effect exerted by the highest concentrations. The effects of DTX-loaded micelles (RGD-NanoStar/DTX) on U87 and MDA-MB 468 cell lines were evaluated by MTT, cell morphology analysis, and scratch test. A compromised cell morphology was observed without significant difference between DTX-treated and RGD-NanoStar/DTX - treated cells, especially in U87 cell line. Although no apparent benefit emerged from the drug incorporation into the nanosystem by MTT assay, the scratch test revealed a statistically significant inhibition of tumoral cell migration on both cell lines, confirming the well-known role of DTX in inhibiting cell movements even when loaded on polymeric micelles. Specifically, only 43 μm distance was covered by U87 cells after 30 h culture with RGD-NanoStar/DTX (30 μg/mL) compared to 73 μm in the presence of free DTX at the same concentration; more interestingly, a total absence of MDA-MB 468 cell movements was detected at 30 h compared to about 50 μm distance covered by cells in the presence of free DTX (10 μg/mL). The stronger inhibitory activity on cell migration of RGD-NanoStar/DTX compared to the free drug in both cell lines at 30 h attested for a good ability of the drug-loaded nanocarrier to reduce tumor propagation and invasiveness, enhancing the typical effect of DTX on metastatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maria Torcasio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy.
| | - Silvia Panseri
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- CNR-ISTEC, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, URT of Messina c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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3
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Kost B, Basko M, Bednarek M, Socka M, Kopka B, Łapienis G, Biela T, Kubisa P, Brzeziński M. The influence of the functional end groups on the properties of polylactide-based materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Payne J, Jones MD. The Chemical Recycling of Polyesters for a Circular Plastics Economy: Challenges and Emerging Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4041-4070. [PMID: 33826253 PMCID: PMC8518041 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Whilst plastics have played an instrumental role in human development, growing environmental concerns have led to increasing public scrutiny and demands for outright bans. This has stimulated considerable research into renewable alternatives, and more recently, the development of alternative waste management strategies. Herein, the aim was to highlight recent developments in the catalytic chemical recycling of two commercial polyesters, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The concept of chemical recycling is first introduced, and associated opportunities/challenges are discussed within the context of the governing depolymerisation thermodynamics. Chemical recycling methods for PLA and PET are then discussed, with a particular focus on upcycling and the use of metal-based catalysts. Finally, the attention shifts to the emergence of new materials with the potential to modernise the plastics economy. Emerging opportunities and challenges are discussed within the context of industrial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Payne
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Matthew D. Jones
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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5
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Feghali E, Tauk L, Ortiz P, Vanbroekhoven K, Eevers W. Catalytic chemical recycling of biodegradable polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Reactive Extrusion and Magnesium (II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst in Continuous PLA Production. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121987. [PMID: 31810223 PMCID: PMC6960517 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive extrusion and magnesium (II) N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst are successfully employed in continuous polylactide synthesis. The possibility of using six-membered N-heterocyclic carbene adducts to act as efficient catalysts towards the sustainable synthesis of poly(l-lactide) through ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LA) is first investigated in bulk batch reactions. Under optimized solvent-free conditions, polylactide (PLA) of moderate to high molecular weights and excellent optical activities are successfully achieved. These promising results are further applied in the continuous production of PLA in an extruder.
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7
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Thongkham S, Monot J, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Simple In-Based Dual Catalyst Enables Significant Progress in ε-Decalactone Ring-Opening (Co)polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somprasong Thongkham
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Blanca Martin-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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8
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Bian Y, Leng X, Wei Z, Wang Z, Tu Z, Wang Y, Li Y. End-Chain Fluorescent Highly Branched Poly(l-lactide)s: Synthesis, Architecture-Dependence, and Fluorescent Visible Paclitaxel-Loaded Microspheres. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3952-3968. [PMID: 31490668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile method in combination of "grafting from" and "end-functionalization" was developed for the synthesis of fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s (PLLA-COU) via ring opening polymerization (ROP) and esterification end-capping. These resulting PLLA-COU with four kinds of architectures, including linear, star, linear-comb, and star-comb structures, were subjected to characterization and application as fluorescent visible paclitaxel-loaded microspheres. The mutual effects of architecture and end-groups on thermal and fluorescence properties, enzymatic degradation, and drug release behaviors were focused. Contrast to linear and star PLLA-COU, two comb-shaped analogues demonstrated higher fluorescence quantum yield, faster drug release, and lower enzymatic degradation rate. All the fluorescent microspheres could maintain fluorescence traceability. The fluorescent PLLA-COU displayed negligible toxicity and good biocompatibility. This work highlights that the fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s are properties-tailored and used as fluorescent visible drug delivery systems (DDS) for potential theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Lishui University , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yanshai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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9
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Yin X, Hewitt DRO, Preston AN, Heroux LA, Agamalian MM, Quah SP, Zheng B, Smith AJ, Laughlin ST, Grubbs RB, Bhatia SR. Hierarchical assembly in PLA-PEO-PLA hydrogels with crystalline domains and effect of block stereochemistry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:102-109. [PMID: 31030021 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the development of microstructure (e.g., structures with length scales roughly 0.5-500 μm) in hydrogels is crucial for their use in several biomedical applications. We utilize ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) and confocal microscopy to explore microstructure of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide) (PLA-PEO-PLA) triblock copolymer hydrogels with varying l/d-lactide ratio. We have previously found that these polymers self-assemble on the nanoscale into micelles. Here, we observe large-scale structures with diverse morphologies, including highly porous self-similar networks with characteristic sizes spanning approximately 120 nm-200 μm. These structural features give rise to power-law scattering indicative of fractal structures in USANS. Mass fractal and surface fractal structures are found for gels with l/d ratios of 80/20 and 50/50, respectively. Confocal microscopy shows microscale water-filled channels and pores that are more clearly evident in gels with a higher fraction of l-lactide in the PLA block as compared to the 50/50 hydrogels. Tuning block stereochemistry may provide a means of controlling the self-assembly and structural evolution at both the nanoscale and microscale, impacting application of these materials in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David R O Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alyssa N Preston
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Luke A Heroux
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael M Agamalian
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Suan P Quah
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bingqian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Robert B Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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10
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Mezzasalma L, Harrisson S, Saba S, Loyer P, Coulembier O, Taton D. Bulk Organocatalytic Synthetic Access to Statistical Copolyesters from l-Lactide and ε-Caprolactone Using Benzoic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1965-1974. [PMID: 30964279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies to produce statistical copolymers based on l-lactide (l-LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL), denoted as P(LA- stat-CL), remains highly challenging in polymer chemistry. This is due to the differing reactivity of the two monomers during their ring-opening copolymerization (ROcP). Yet, P(LA- stat-CL) materials are highly sought after as they combine the properties of both polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Here, benzoic acid (BA), a naturally occurring, cheap, readily recyclable, and thermally stable weak acid, is shown to trigger the organocatalyzed ring-opening copolymerization (OROcP) of l-LA and CL under solvent-free conditions at 155 °C, in presence of various alcohols as initiators, with good control over molar masses and dispersities (1.11 < Đ < 1.35) of the resulting copolyesters. Various compositions can be achieved, and the formation of statistical compounds is shown through characterization by 1H, 13C, and diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR spectroscopies and by differential scanning calorimetry, as well as through the determination of reactivity ratios ( rLA = 0.86, rCL = 0.86), using the visualization of the sum of squared residuals space method. Furthermore, this BA-OROcP process can be exploited to access metal-free PLA- b-P(LA- stat-CL)- b-PLA triblock copolymers, using a diol as an initiator. Finally, residual traces of BA remaining in P(LA- stat-CL) copolymers (<0.125 mol %) do not show any cytotoxicity toward hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells, demonstrating the safety of this organic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mezzasalma
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composites Materials , University of Mons , 23 Place du Parc , Mons B-7000 , Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) , CNRS, ENSCBP University of Bordeaux, UMR 5629 , 16, av. Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Laboratoire des IMRCP , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5623 , 118 route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Saad Saba
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composites Materials , University of Mons , 23 Place du Parc , Mons B-7000 , Belgium
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO) , CNRS, ENSCBP University of Bordeaux, UMR 5629 , 16, av. Pey Berland , 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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11
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Liu W, Tian GQ, Yang DD, Wu G, Chen SC, Wang YZ. Heterogeneous catalysts based on built-in N-heterocyclic carbenes with high removability, recoverability and reusability for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both activity and reusability are critical issues for developing new generation metal-free catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Guo-Qiang Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Gang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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12
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Jehanno C, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Demarteau J, Sardon H, Dove AP. Organocatalysis for depolymerisation. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical recycling of plastics offers a green method to deal with plastic waste. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made by applying organocatalysts to chemically degrade polymers as a promising tool to reach a circular plastic economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | | | - Jeremy Demarteau
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
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13
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Feng L, Feng S, Bian X, Li G, Chen X. Pyrolysis mechanism of Poly(lactic acid) for giving lactide under the catalysis of tin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Yin X, Hewitt DRO, Quah SP, Zheng B, Mattei GS, Khalifah PG, Grubbs RB, Bhatia SR. Impact of stereochemistry on rheology and nanostructure of PLA-PEO-PLA triblocks: stiff gels at intermediate l/d-lactide ratios. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7255-7263. [PMID: 30137095 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01559g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report rheology and structural studies of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide) (PLA-PEO-PLA) triblock copolymer gels with various ratios of l-lactide and d-lactide in the PLA blocks. These materials form associative micellar gels in water, and previous work has shown that stereoregular triblocks with a l/d ratio of 100/0 form much stiffer gels than triblocks with a 50/50 l/d ratio. Our systems display an unexpected maximum in the storage modulus, G', of the hydrogels at intermediate l/d ratio. The impact of stereochemistry on the rheology is very striking; gels with an l/d ratio of 85/15 have storage moduli that are ∼1-2 orders of magnitude higher than hydrogels with l/d ratios of 100/0. No stereocomplexation is observed in the gels, although PLLA crystals are found for gels with l/d ratios of 95/5 and 90/10, and SANS results show a decrease in the intermicellar spacing for intermediate l/d ratios. We expect the dominant contribution to the elasticity of the gels to be intermicellar bridging chains and attribute the rheology to a competition between an increase in the time for PLA endblocks to pull out of micelles as the l/d ratio is increased and PLLA crystallization occurs, and a decrease in the number of bridging chains for micelles with crystalline PLA domains, as formation of bridges may be hindered by crowded crystalline PLA domains. These results provide a new strategy for controlling the rheology of PLA-based hydrogels for potential applications in biomaterials, as well as fundamental insights into how intermicellar interactions can be tuned via stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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15
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Langlais M, Coutelier O, Moins S, De Winter J, Coulembier O, Destarac M. Scope and limitations of ring-opening copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate with substituted γ-thiolactones. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of functional γ-thiolactones has been investigated in Ring Opening Copolymerization with trimethylene carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Langlais
- Laboratoire des IMRCP
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- Cedex 9
| | - O. Coutelier
- Laboratoire des IMRCP
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- Cedex 9
| | - S. Moins
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - J. De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOS)
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - O. Coulembier
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - M. Destarac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- Cedex 9
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16
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Leng X, Wei Z, Ren Y, Bian Y, Wang Q, Li Y. Copolymerization of l-lactide/trimethylene carbonate by organocatalysis: controlled synthesis of comb-like graft copolymers with side chains with different topologies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of comb-like graft copolymers of lcP(LLA-co-TMC) from an organocatalyst/PB–OH system: including lcP(TMC-b-LLA), lcP(LLA-grad-TMC) and lcP(LLA-ran-TMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Qinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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17
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Nogueira G, Favrelle A, Bria M, Prates Ramalho JP, Mendes PJ, Valente A, Zinck P. Adenine as an organocatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide: scope, mechanism and access to adenine-functionalized polylactide. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Straightforward access to a bioconjugate is reported via adenine initiated ring-opening polymerization without a co-catalyst. The mechanism is elucidated by DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Nogueira
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Audrey Favrelle
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Marc Bria
- Centre Commun de Mesure RMN
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - João P. Prates Ramalho
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química de Évora
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- 7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Mendes
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química de Évora
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- 7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
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18
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Leng X, Wei Z, Ren Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Q. Facile synthesis and comparative study of poly(l-lactide) with linear-comb and star-comb architecture. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization ability of PLLA with different chain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Qinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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19
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Alba A, du Boullay OT, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Direct ring-opening of lactide with amines: application to the organo-catalyzed preparation of amide end-capped PLA and to the removal of residual lactide from PLA samples. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous ring-opening of lactide by primary and secondary amines has been applied to the preparation of well-defined amide end-capped PLA and to the removal of unreacted lactide from PLA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Alba
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- LHFA
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
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20
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Re GL, Benali S, Habibi Y, Raquez JM, Dubois P. Stereocomplexed PLA nanocomposites: From in situ polymerization to materials properties. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Coulembier O, Moins S, Todd R, Dubois P. External and Reversible CO2 Regulation of Ring-Opening Polymerizations Based on a Primary Alcohol Propagating Species. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4024944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite
Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Moins
- Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite
Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Richard Todd
- Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite
Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Center of Innovation and Research
in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite
Materials, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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22
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Guillerm B, Lemaur V, Ernould B, Cornil J, Lazzaroni R, Gohy JF, Dubois P, Coulembier O. A one-pot two-step efficient metal-free process for the generation of PEO-b-PCL-b-PLA amphiphilic triblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47204c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Guillerm B, Lemaur V, Cornil J, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P, Coulembier O. Ammonium betaines: efficient ionic nucleophilic catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide and cyclic carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10098-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium betaines: the missing piece between hydrogen-bonding and nucleophilic-based ROP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc Guillerm
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- University of Mons (UMONS)
- 7000 Mons, Belgium
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24
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Coulembier O, Lemaur V, Josse T, Minoia A, Cornil J, Dubois P. Synthesis of poly(l-lactide) and gradient copolymers from al-lactide/trimethylene carbonate eutectic melt. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Coulembier O, Moins S, Dubois P. Dual Versatility of Triazolium-Based Cyclic Carbonate Inimer: From Homopolymerization to On-Demand Thermally Activated Initiating Site. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201589r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Moins
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), Place du Parc 23, Mons 7000, Belgium
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26
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Manfredi E, Meyer F, Verge P, Raquez JM, Thomassin JM, Alexandre M, Dervaux B, DuPrez F, Van Der Voort P, Jérôme C, Dubois P. Supramolecular design of high-performance poly(l-lactide)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: from melt-processing to rheological, morphological and electrical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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