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Asrafali SP, Periyasamy T, Bari GAKMR, Kim SC. Flexible Composite Hydrogels Based on Polybenzoxazine for Supercapacitor Applications. Gels 2024; 10:197. [PMID: 38534615 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polybenzoxazines (Pbzs) are advanced forms of phenolic resins that possess many attractive properties, including thermal-induced self-curing polymerization, void-free polymeric products and absence of by-product formation. They also possess high Tg (glass transition temperature) and thermal stability. But the produced materials are brittle in nature. In this paper, we present our attempt to decrease the brittleness of Pbz by blending it with polyvinylalcohol (PVA). Benzoxazine monomer (Eu-Ed-Bzo) was synthesized by following a simple Mannich condensation reaction. The formation of a benzoxazine ring was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The synthesized benzoxazine monomer was blended with PVA in order to produce composite films, PVA/Pbz, by varying the amount of benzoxazine monomer (1, 3 and 5 wt. % of PVA). The property of the composite films was studied using various characterization techniques, including DSC, TGA, water contact angle analysis (WCA) and SEM. WCA analysis proved that the hydrophobic nature of Pbz (value) was transformed to hydrophilic (WCA of PVA/Pbz5 is 35.5°). These composite films could play the same role as flexible electrolytes in supercapacitor applications. For this purpose, the composite films were immersed in a 1 M KOH solution for 12 h in order to analyze their swelling properties. Moreover, by using this swelled gel, a symmetric supercapacitor, AC//PVA/Pbz5//AC, was constructed, exhibiting a specific capacitance of 170 F g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Parveen Asrafali
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Thirukumaran Periyasamy
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gazi A K M Rafiqul Bari
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Odegard GM, Patil SU, Gaikwad PS, Deshpande P, Krieg AS, Shah SP, Reyes A, Dickens T, King JA, Maiaru M. Accurate predictions of thermoset resin glass transition temperatures from all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7550-7558. [PMID: 36149371 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To enable the design and development of the next generation of high-performance composite materials, there is a need to establish improved computational simulation protocols for accurate and efficient prediction of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of thermoset resins. This is especially true for the prediction of glass transition temperature (Tg), as there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding simulation protocols and the use of cooling rate correction factors for predicting values using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate accurate prediction the Tg with MD without the use of cooling rate correction factors and to establish the influence of simulated conformational state and heating/cooling cycles on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties predicted with MD. The experimentally-validated MD results indicate that accurate predictions of Tg, elastic modulus, strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion are highly reliant upon establishing MD models with mass densities that match experiment within 2%. The results also indicate the cooling rate correction factors, model building within different conformational states, and the choice of heating/cooling simulation runs do not provide statistically significant differences in the accurate prediction of Tg values, given the typical scatter observed in MD predictions of amorphous polymer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar U Patil
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | | | | | - Aaron S Krieg
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Sagar P Shah
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Aspen Reyes
- Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Julia A King
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Kwon H, Park Y, Yang E, Bae TH. Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes Intercalated with an Aromatic Crosslinker for Low-Pressure Nanofiltration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:966. [PMID: 36295725 PMCID: PMC9612350 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), a carbonaceous 2D nanomaterial, has received significant interest as a next-generation membrane building block. To fabricate high-performance membranes, an effective strategy involves stacking GO nanosheets in laminated structures, thereby creating unique nanochannel galleries. One outstanding merit of laminar GO membranes is that their permselectivity is readily tunable by tailoring the size of the nanochannels. Here, a high-performance GO-based nanofiltration membrane was developed by intercalating an aromatic crosslinker, α,α/-dichloro-p-xylene (DCX), between the layers in laminated GO nanosheets. Owing to the formation of strong covalent bonds between the crosslinker and the GO, the resulting GO laminate membrane exhibited outstanding structural stability. Furthermore, due to the precisely controlled and enlarged interlayer spacing distance of the developed DCX-intercalated GO membrane, it achieved an over two-fold enhancement in water permeability (11 ± 2 LMH bar-1) without sacrificing the rejection performance for divalent ions, contrary to the case with a pristine GO membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntak Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yongju Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Mukherjee S, Amarnath N, Ramkumar M, Lochab B. Catechin and Furfurylamine derived Biobased Benzoxazine with Latent‐Catalyst Effect. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mukherjee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Nagarjuna Amarnath
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Malavika Ramkumar
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
| | - Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar Uttar Pradesh 201314 India
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Mora P, Jubsilp C, Bielawski CW, Rimdusit S. Impact Response of Aramid Fabric-Reinforced Polybenzoxazine/Urethane Composites Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Used as Support Panel in Hard Armor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162779. [PMID: 34451317 PMCID: PMC8400923 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research project is to analyze support panels that are based on aramid fabrics which are reinforced with polybenzoxazine/urethane (poly(BA-a/PU)) composites and contain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Through the measurement of mechanical properties and a series of ballistic-impact tests that used 7.62 × 51 mm2 projectiles (National Institute of Justice (NIJ), level III), the incorporated MWCNTs were found to enhance the energy-absorption (EAbs) property of the composites, improve ballistic performance, and reduce damage. The perforation process and the ballistic limit (V50) of the composite were also studied via numerical simulation, and the calculated damage patterns were correlated with the experimental results. The result indicated hard armor based on polybenzoxazine nanocomposites could completely protect the perforation of a 7.62 × 51 mm2 projectile at impact velocity range of 847 ± 9.1 m/s. The results revealed the potential for using the poly(BA-a/PU) nanocomposites as energy-absorption panels for hard armor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattarin Mora
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chanchira Jubsilp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok 26120, Thailand;
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Research Unit in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-66-2218-6862
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Tribological Performance and Thermal Stability of Nanorubber-Modified Polybenzoxazine Composites for Non-Asbestos Friction Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152435. [PMID: 34372038 PMCID: PMC8347664 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos-free friction composite based on ultrafine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber particles (UFNBRPs)-modified polybenzoxazine was successfully developed. The UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite was characterized for chemical, tribological, and mechanical properties as well as thermal stability. The UFNBRPs not only act as a filler to reduce noise in the friction composites due to their suitable viscoelastic behaviors but also play a key role in friction modifiers to enhance friction coefficient and wear resistance in the polybenzoxazine composites. The chemical bonding formation between UFNBRPs and polybenzoxazine can significantly improve friction, mechanical, and thermal properties of the friction composite. The outstanding tribological performance of the friction composite under 100–350 °C, i.e., friction coefficients and wear rates in a range of 0.36–0.43 and 0.13 × 10−4–0.29 × 10−4 mm3/Nm, respectively, was achieved. The high flexural strength and modulus of the friction composite, i.e., 61 MPa and 6.4 GPa, respectively, were obtained. The friction composite also showed high thermal stability, such as 410 °C for degradation temperature and 215 °C for glass transition temperature. The results indicated that the obtained UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite meets the industrial standard of brake linings and pads for automobiles; therefore, the UFNBRPs-modified polybenzoxazine friction composite can effectively be used as a replacement for asbestos-based friction materials.
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Lochab B, Monisha M, Amarnath N, Sharma P, Mukherjee S, Ishida H. Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1260. [PMID: 33924552 PMCID: PMC8069336 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Monisha Monisha
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Nagarjuna Amarnath
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441067202, USA
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8
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Selvaraj V, Raghavarshini TR, Alagar M. Development and Characterization of Palm Flower Carbon Reinforced DOPO‐Urea Diamine Based Cardanol Benzoxazine‐Epoxy Hybrid Composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaithilingam Selvaraj
- Nanotech Research Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity College of Engineering Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai), Kakuppam Villupuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thangavel Ravivarman Raghavarshini
- Nanotech Research Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity College of Engineering Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai), Kakuppam Villupuram Tamil Nadu India
| | - Muthukaruppan Alagar
- Polymer Engineering LaboratoryPSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Neelambur Coimbatore 641062 India
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9
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Pattharasiriwong P, Jubsilp C, Mora P, Rimdusit S. Dielectric and thermal behaviors of fluorine-containing dianhydride-modified polybenzoxazine: A molecular design flexibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patcharat Pattharasiriwong
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chanchira Jubsilp
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University; Onkharak Nakhonnayok 26120 Thailand
| | - Phattarin Mora
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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10
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Ilango K, Prabunathan P, Satheeshkumar E, Manohar P. Design of low dielectric constant polybenzoxazine nanocomposite using mesoporous mullite. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316632289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this present work, porous mullites (PM0–5) were synthesized through a template-assisted method using various weight percentages of pluronic (P-123). PM5 obtained using 10 wt% of P-123 was found to show maximum porosity (3.8 Å) and low dielectric constant value (2.4). PM5 was functionalized using glycidyl-terminated silane and denoted as FPM and various weight percentages of FPM were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix in order to develop FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The thermal studies indicate that 1.5 wt% of FPM/PBZ nanocomposite showed improved thermal stability with 34% char yield at 800°C and 162°C as glass transition temperature. It also exhibits low dielectric constant (2.6) than that of the neat PBZ matrix and other FPM/PBZ nanocomposites. The microscopic analysis confirms the homogenous dispersion of FPM into the PBZ polymer that has a porous morphology. The results suggest that the as-synthesized mesoporous mullite with low dielectric constant ( k), synthesized via template-assisted method can be used as a reinforcement to decrease the dielectric constant of polymeric material, which is of industrial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ilango
- Department of Ceramic Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Prabunathan
- Department of Ceramic Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Handloom Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E Satheeshkumar
- Department of Ceramic Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Manohar
- Department of Ceramic Technology, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Huang J, Yue H, Lv S, Hao Z, Wang M, Liu Y. Thermal Degradation Behavior and Kinetics of Polybenzoxazine Based on Bisphenol-S and Allylamine. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1153376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and characterization of difunctional benzoxazines from aromatic diester diamine containing varying length of aliphatic spacer group: Polymerization, thermal and viscoelastic characteristics. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Luo F, Wu K, Lu M. Enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyurethane foam composites with polybenzoxazine modified ammonium polyphosphates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of polybenzoxazine modified ammonium polyphosphate (BMAPP) on the thermal behavior and flame retardancy of a rigid polyurethane foam (PU) are investigated using various techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- P. R. China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510650
- P. R. China
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14
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Property enhancement of polybenzoxazine modified with monoanhydrides and dianhydrides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Revathi R, Prabunathan P, Kumar M, Alagar M. Studies on graphene oxide–reinforced polybenzoxazine nanocomposites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315585013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of benzoxazine-functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) were reinforced with polybenzoxazine (PBZ) matrix by means of ring-opening polymerization. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized for their thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties using different analytical techniques. From the results of these studies, it was observed that the 5 wt% FGO-reinforced PBZ composite shows an improved glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and dielectric constant to the extent of 18%, 39%, and 197%, respectively, when compared with those of neat PBZ matrix. Furthermore, 5 wt% FGO-reinforced PBZ composite also exhibits an enhanced ultraviolet shielding efficiency (88%), with improved tensile strength (52%) compared with those of neat PBZ matrix. The enhanced properties may be due to homogeneous and uniform distribution of FGO into the PBZ matrix, which was confirmed from scanning electron microscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images. Data obtained from these studies indicate that the developed nanocomposites with high dielectric constant can be used in the form of coatings, sealants, and encapsulates for high-performance dielectric as well as antistatic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Revathi
- Polymer Composite Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pichaimani Prabunathan
- Polymer Composite Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muthukaruppan Alagar
- Polymer Composite Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Takeichi T, Thongpradith S, Kawauchi T. Copolymers of vinyl-containing benzoxazine with vinyl monomers as precursors for high performance thermosets. Molecules 2015; 20:6488-503. [PMID: 25867832 PMCID: PMC6272515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A benzoxazine containing a vinyl group (P-4va) was prepared by the reaction of phenol, 4-vinylaniline, and paraformaldehyde. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study revealed that ring-opening polymerization of the benzoxazine and chain polymerization of the vinyl group occurred in the same temperature range. When 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile was added as a radical initiator to P-4va, however, only the vinyl groups were polymerized at lower temperature, giving oligo(P-4va) that contains pendent benzoxazine units. Radical copolymerization of P-4va with various vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and n-butyl acrylate (BuA) was examined. The chemical structure of the copolymers was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR to be one of polyolefins bearing benzoxazine units as the pendant groups. The weight-average molecular weights of the copolymers determined by size exclusion chromatography were to be in the range of 1900–51,500 depending on the comonomers. DSC of the copolymers showed that the maxima of the exothermic peaks corresponding to the ring-opening polymerization of the pendent benzoxazine units were observed in the temperature range of 229–250 °C. Thermal cure up to 240 °C of the copolymer films afforded homogenous transparent films with improved thermal properties. Tough cured film was obtained by the copolymerization with MMA, while a tough and flexible film was obtained by the copolymerization with BuA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takeichi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Soulideth Thongpradith
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Kawauchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
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Tiptipakorn S, Keungputpong N, Phothiphiphit S, Rimdusit S. Effects of polycaprolactone molecular weights on thermal and mechanical properties of polybenzoxazine. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Tiptipakorn
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University; Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Noppawat Keungputpong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Somruthai Phothiphiphit
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University; Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Liu J, Scott C, Winroth S, Maia J, Ishida H. Copolymers based on telechelic benzoxazine with a reactive main-chain and anhydride: monomer and polymer synthesis, and thermal and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12086h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced thermomechanical properties of polybenzoxazine based on allylamine-terminated oligomeric benzoxazine (Allyl-oligomer) are obtained by copolymerizing the oligomer with maleic anhydride (MA) in the presence of a free radical initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | | | | | - Joao Maia
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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Uchida S, Kawauchi T, Furukawa N, Takeichi T. Polymer alloys of high-molecular-weight benzoxazine and epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314532480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymer alloys were prepared by curing the mixture of a high-molecular-weight benzoxazine (B-oda) that was synthesized from 4,4′-oxydianiline (oda), bisphenol-A, and formaldehyde and a typical epoxy resin prepolymer, epoxy-terminated copolymer of bisphenol-A and epichlorohydrin, up to 240°C. It was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetric and infrared (IR) investigations that the novel alloys had ether linkages that was formed by the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl groups formed from the thermal ring-opening polymerization of B-oda and the epoxy groups of the epoxy resin. The properties of the alloy films were compared with polybenzoxazine (PB-oda), the pristine polybenzoxazine obtained by curing B-oda without the epoxy resin. The alloy films were more flexible and were found to have higher glass transition temperatures ( Tgs) from the dynamic mechanical analyses. From the IR analyses of the films, the polymer alloys were found to have higher amount of intermolecular hydrogen bonding compared with the pristine PB-oda. It was suggested that this increase of the hydrogen bonding was the cause of the higher Tgs of the polymer alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Uchida
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawauchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sasebo National College of Technology, Okishin-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeichi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
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Takeichi T, Uchida S, Inoue Y, Kawauchi T, Furukawa N. Preparation and properties of polymer alloys consisting of high-molecular-weight benzoxazine and bismaleimide. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313510958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymer alloys were prepared by blending a high-molecular-weight benzoxazine (HMWB) and a typical bismaleimide (4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMI)) followed by thermal treatment up to 240°C. It was confirmed by the infrared and differential scanning calorimetric analyses that the phenolic hydroxyl group formed by the ring-opening polymerization of HMWB reacted with the double bond of BMI, in addition to the chain polymerization of the double bond of BMI and the ring-opening polymerization of HMWB. This further cross-linking through the formation of ether linkage made the polymer alloy films much more tough and flexible than each homopolymer film. Moreover, viscoelastic analyses and thermogravimetric analyses of the polymer alloy films showed that glass transition temperature and thermal stability also increased by alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takeichi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Shoya Uchida
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawauchi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Furukawa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sasebo National College of Technology, Okishin-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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Synthesis, thermal properties and curing kinetics of fluorene diamine-based benzoxazine containing ester groups. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Polybenzoxazine (PBA-a), a novel type of phenolic resin, possesses many outstanding properties, i.e. good mechanical strength, electrical insulation, dimensional stability, resistance against many types of solvents, flame retardation, and low smoke emission from burning. However, shortcoming of this material is from its brittleness. In this study, the rigidity of polybenzoxazine was improved by adding succinic acid (SA) as plasticizer. The content of SA was varied from 0 to 50 phr. The thermal properties were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), while the mechanical properties were analysed by Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and Microhardness tester. In addition, the results that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PBA-a was decreased with increasing the amount of SA, i.e. decreasing from 168°C (0 phr) to 121°C (50 phr). Furthermore, the degradation temperature at 5 % weight loss (Td5%) was decreased from 328°C (0 phr) to 240°C (50 phr). It could be noticed that the char yield of the polymer at 800°C had no significant change (in the range of 30-33%) when SA was added. The polybenzoxazine exhibited softening decreased of hardness from 39.8 MPa (at 0 phr) to 9.62 MPA (at 50 phr).
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Okhawilai M, Pudhom K, Rimdusit S. Synthesis and characterization of sequential interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane acrylate and polybenzoxazine. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manunya Okhawilai
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Kasiphat Pudhom
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Structure, thermal, and mechanical properties of DDM-hardened epoxy/benzoxazine hybrids: Effects of epoxy resin functionality and ETBN toughening. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Jubsilp C, Ramsiri B, Rimdusit S. Effects of aromatic carboxylic dianhydrides on thermomechanical properties of polybenzoxazine-dianhydride copolymers. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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