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Fouquet TNJ, Amalian JA, Aniel N, Carvin-Sergent I, Issa S, Poyer S, Crozet D, Giusti P, Gigmes D, Trimaille T, Charles L. Reactive Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Determine Intrinsic Degradability of Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Chains. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12041-12048. [PMID: 34431672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of its speed, sensitivity, and ability to scrutinize individual species, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool in analytical strategies aimed at studying the degradation behavior of polyesters. MS analyses can be performed prior to the degradation event for structural characterization of initial substrates or after it has occurred to measure the decreasing size of products as a function of time. Here, we show that MS can also be usefully employed during the degradation process by online monitoring the chain solvolysis induced by reactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Cleavage of ester bonds in random copolymers of lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA) was achieved by electrospraying methanol-containing NaOH onto the substrates. Experimental conditions were optimized to generate methanolysis products of high abundance so that mass spectra can be conveniently processed using Kendrick-based approaches. The same reactive-DESI performance was demonstrated for two sample preparations, solvent casting for soluble samples or pressed pellets for highly crystalline substrates, permitting to compare polymers with LA/GA ratios ranging from 100/0 to 5/95. Analysis of sample fractions collected by size exclusion chromatography showed that methanolysis occurs independently of the original chain size, so data recorded for poly(LA-co-GA) (PLAGA) copolymers with the average molecular weight ranging from 10 to 180 kDa could be safely compared. The average mass of methanolysis products was observed to decrease linearly (R2 = 0.9900) as the GA content increases in PLAGA substrates, consistent with the susceptibility of ester bonds toward solvolysis being higher in GA than in LA. Because DESI only explores the surface of solids, these data do not reflect bulk degradability of the copolymers but, instead, their relative degradability at the molecular level. Based on a "reactive-DESI degradability scale" such as that established here for PLAGA, the proposed method offers interesting perspectives to qualify intrinsic degradability of different polyesters and evaluate their erosion susceptibility or to determine the degradability of those polymers known to degrade via erosion only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry N J Fouquet
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jean-Arthur Amalian
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Nathan Aniel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Isaure Carvin-Sergent
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Sébastien Issa
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Salomé Poyer
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Delphine Crozet
- Total Refining and Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Total Refining and Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, Harfleur 76700, France.,International Joint laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Thomas Trimaille
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, Marseille 13397, France
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Louguet S, Verret V, Bédouet L, Servais E, Pascale F, Wassef M, Labarre D, Laurent A, Moine L. Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate hydrolyzable microspheres for transient vascular embolization. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1194-205. [PMID: 24321348 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) hydrolyzable microspheres intended for biomedical applications were readily prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-PLGA crosslinker and PEGMA as a monomer using a suspension polymerization process. Additional co-monomers, methacrylic acid and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), were incorporated into the initial formulation to improve the properties of the microspheres. All synthesized microspheres were spherical in shape, calibrated in the 300-500 μm range, swelled in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and easily injectable through a microcatheter. Hydrolytic degradation experiments performed in PBS at 37 °C showed that all of the formulations tested were totally degraded in less than 2 days. The resulting degradation products were a mixture of low-molecular-weight compounds (PEG, lactic and glycolic acids) and water-soluble polymethacrylate chains having molecular weights below the threshold for renal filtration of 50 kg mol(-1) for the microspheres containing MDO. Both the microspheres and the degradation products were determined to exhibit minimal cytotoxicity against L929 fibroblasts. Additionally, in vivo implantation in a subcutaneous rabbit model supported the in vitro results of a rapid degradation rate of microspheres and provided only a mild and transient inflammatory reaction comparable to that of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Louguet
- Occlugel S.A.S., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Valentin Verret
- Occlugel S.A.S., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France; Archimmed S.A.R.L., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laurent Bédouet
- Occlugel S.A.S., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Emeline Servais
- Occlugel S.A.S., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Florentina Pascale
- Archimmed S.A.R.L., 12 Rue Charles de Gaulle, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Michel Wassef
- AP-HP hôpital Lariboisière, Department of Pathology, University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Denis Labarre
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- AP-HP hôpital Lariboisière, Department of Pathology, University of Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, Faculty of Medicine, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France; "Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes", CNRS 7057, University of Paris 7, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Laurence Moine
- Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; CNRS UMR 8612, Institut Galien Paris-Sud, LabEx LERMIT, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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Lebouille JGJL, Vleugels LFW, Dias AA, Leermakers FAM, Cohen Stuart MA, Tuinier R. Controlled block copolymer micelle formation for encapsulation of hydrophobic ingredients. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2013; 36:107. [PMID: 24072465 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2013-13107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of polymeric micelles in water using triblock copolymers with a polyethylene glycol middle block and various hydrophobic outer blocks prepared with the precipitation method. We form micelles in a reproducible manner with a narrow size distribution. This suggests that during the formation of the micelles the system had time to form micelles under close-to-thermodynamic control. This may explain why it is possible to use an equilibrium self-consistent field theory to predict the hydrodynamic size and the loading capacity of the micelles in accordance with experimental finding. Yet, the micelles are structurally quenched as concluded from the observation of size stability in time. We demonstrate that our approach enables to prepare rather hydrophobic block copolymer micelles with tunable size and loading.
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