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Majder-Łopatka M, Węsierski T, Ankowski A, Ratajczak K, Duralski D, Piechota-Polanczyk A, Polanczyk A. Thermal Analysis of Plastics Used in the Food Industry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:248. [PMID: 35009394 PMCID: PMC8746179 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fires in landfills, where used plastic packaging waste is discarded, have shown how great a fire hazard these types of materials pose. In this study, the course of thermo-oxidation of samples made of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based plastics was determined. Based on an analysis of the dissociation energy of bonds between atoms in a polymer molecule, the mechanisms responsible for the character and course of degradation were observed. It was found that the degradation rate of PP and PS could be a result of the stability of C-H bonds on the tertiary carbon atom. In the case of PS, due to facilitated intramolecular hydrogen transfer, stabilization of hydroperoxide, and formation of a stable tertiary alcohol molecule, the onset of degradation is shifted towards higher temperatures than in the case of PP. Notably, the PP fragmentation occurs to a greater extent due to the easier course of β-scission. In addition, it was found that during a fire, the least amount of heat would be generated by thermo-oxidation of PS-based plastics. This is a result of the formation of a styrene molecule during decomposition that, due to the high stability of bonds in the aromatic ring, escapes from the combustion zone without oxidation. It has been proven that the greatest thermal effect accompanies PET decomposition, during which a phenyl radical is produced, where the C-H bonds break more easily in comparison with the bonds of an intact ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Tomasz Węsierski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Artur Ankowski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Kamil Ratajczak
- Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Dominik Duralski
- Institute of Internal Security, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Polanczyk
- Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.P.)
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Markedly improved photo-oxidation stability of α form isotactic polypropylene with nodular morphology. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Wu H, Zhao Y, Dong X, Su L, Wang K, Wang D. Probing into the microstructural evolution of isotactic polypropylene during photo-oxidation degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kang P, Wu P, Jin Y, Shi S, Gao D, Chen G, Li Q. Formation and Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Homo-PP and Co-PP Resins during Manufacturing Process and Accelerated Photoaging Degradation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122761. [PMID: 32549376 PMCID: PMC7356195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polypropylene (PP) seriously restricts the application of PP in an automotive field. Herein, the traceability of VOCs from PP resins during manufacturing process and accelerated photoaging degradation was clarified on basis of an accurate characterization method of key VOCs. The influence of PP structures on changing the accelerated photoaging degradation on the VOCs was systematic. The VOCs were identified by means of Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with both a hydrogen flame ion detector (FID) and a mass spectrometry detector (MSD). Results showed that both the molecular structure of PP and the manufacturing process affected the species and contents of VOCs. In addition, the photoaging degradation of PP resulted in a large number of new emerged volatile carbonyl compounds. Our work proposed a possible VOC formation mechanism during the manufacturing and photoaging process. VOCs from PP resins were originated from oligomers and chain random scission during thermomechanical degradation. However, β scission of alkoxy radical and Norrish tape I reactions of ketones via intermediate transition were probably the main VOCs formation routes towards PP during photoaging degradation. This work could provide scientific knowledge on both the accurate traceability of VOCs emissions and new technology for development of low-VOCs PP composites for vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (P.K.); (P.W.); (G.C.)
- Polymer Processing R&D Division, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.J.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (P.K.); (P.W.); (G.C.)
- Polymer Processing R&D Division, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.J.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Polymer Processing R&D Division, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.J.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Shengpeng Shi
- Polymer Processing R&D Division, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.J.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Dali Gao
- Polymer Processing R&D Division, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.J.); (S.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Guangxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (P.K.); (P.W.); (G.C.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (P.K.); (P.W.); (G.C.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6443-5451
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Xie Y, Hassan AA, Song P, Zhang Z, Wang S. High scission of butadiene rubber vulcanizate under thermo-oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Abstract
Abstract
The surface modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2), which can be easily attained by a simple addition of ascorbic acid (AA) to aqueous TiO2 suspensions, affects the photodegradation. Surface modification results in the formation of a colored surface complex that causes red shift in the absorption threshold of TiO2. Photodegradable polypropylene (PP) composite films were prepared by embedding AA modified nano TiO2 into the PP matrix (PP/(AA/TiO2)). The photocatalytic degradation behavior of PP/(AA/TiO2) composite film under UV light irradiation as investigated and compared with those of the PP/TiO2 and neat PP films, with the aid of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, weight loss monitoring, tensile test and scanning electron microscopy. The degradation rate of the PP/(AA/TiO2) composite films is three times higher than that of PP/TiO2 film and six times higher than that of neat PP film. In addition, the FTIR spectra show that the intensity of the peak of carbonyl group for neat PP is much lower than that of the composite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Soitong
- Program in Materials Science , Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai , Thailand
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9
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Two-dimensional (2D) Chemiluminescence (CL) correlation spectroscopy for studying thermal oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Parparita E, Zaharescu T, Darie RN, Vasile C. Biomass Effect on γ-Irradiation Behavior of Some Polypropylene Biocomposites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5043984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parparita
- Department
of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Raluca N. Darie
- Department
of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Department
of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Lu X, Shah P, Maruf S, Ortiz S, Hoffard T, Pellegrino J. Forensic analysis of degraded polypropylene hollow fibers utilized in microfiltration. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- Mechanical Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Parag Shah
- Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Sajjad Maruf
- Mechanical Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Sean Ortiz
- Mechanical Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Theresa Hoffard
- Naval Facilities Engineering and Expeditionary Warfare Center; Port Hueneme California 93043
| | - John Pellegrino
- Mechanical Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
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Butler CH, Whitmore PM. Evolution of peroxide species during the photooxidation of poly(vinyl butyral). J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Butler
- Art Conservation Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Paul M. Whitmore
- Art Conservation Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15219
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The effect of γ-ray irradiation on thermal oxidation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yano A, Akai N, Ishii H, Satoh C, Hironiwa T, Millington KR, Nakata M. Thermal oxidative degradation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Colwell JM, Nikolic MA, Bottle SE, George GA. Sensitive luminescence techniques to study the early stages of polymer oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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