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Touffet M, Smith P, Vitrac O. A comprehensive two-scale model for predicting the oxidizability of fatty acid methyl ester mixtures. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113289. [PMID: 37803602 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms of oil thermooxidation and their accurate prediction have long been hampered by the combinatory nature of propagation and termination reactions involving randomly generated radicals. To unravel this complexity, we suggest a two-scale mechanistic description that connects the chemical functions (scale 1) with the molecular carriers of these functions (scale 2). Our method underscores the importance of accounting for cross-reactions between radicals in order to fully comprehend the reactivities in blends. We rigorously tested and validated the proposed two-scale scheme on binary and ternary mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), yielding three key insights: (1) The abstraction of labile protons hinges on the carrier, defying the conventional focus on hydroperoxyl radical types. (2) Termination reactions between radicals adhere to the geometric mean law, exhibiting symmetric collision ratios. (3) The decomposition of hydroperoxides emerges as a monomolecular process above 80 °C, challenging the established combinatorial paradigm. Applicable across a wide temperature range (80 °C to 200 °C), our findings unlock the production of blends with controlled thermooxidation stability, optimizing the use of vegetable oils across applications: food science, biofuels, and lubricants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Touffet
- Global Core R&D, Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Havenstraat 84, 1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Paul Smith
- Global Core R&D, Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Havenstraat 84, 1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vitrac
- UMR 0782 SayFood Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproducts Engineering Research Unit, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
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Borbath T, Nicula N, Zaharescu T, Borbath I, Boros TF. The Contribution of BaTiO 3 to the Stability Improvement of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber: Part I-Pristine Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092190. [PMID: 37177336 PMCID: PMC10181093 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the functional effects of BaTiO3 powder loaded in ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) in three concentrations: 0, 1, and 2.5 phr. The characterization of mechanical properties, oxidation strength, and biological vulnerability is achieved on these materials subjected to an accelerated degradation stimulated by their γ-irradiation at 50 and 100 kGy. The thermal performances of these materials are improved when the content of filler becomes higher. The results obtained by chemiluminescence, FTIR-ATR, and mechanical testing indicate that the loading of 2.5 phr is the most proper composition that resists for a long time after it is γ-irradiated at a high dose. If the oxidation starts at 176 °C in the pristine polymer, it becomes significant at 188 and 210 °C in the case of composites containing 1 and 2.5 phr of filler, respectively. The radiation treatment induces a significant stability improvement measured by the enlargement of temperature range by more than 1.5 times, which explains the durability growth for the radiation-processed studied composites. The extension of the stability period is also based on the interaction between degrading polymer substrate and particle surface in the composite richest in titanate fraction when the exposure is 100 kGy was analyzed. The mechanical testing as well as the FTIR investigation clearly delimits the positive effects of carbon black on the functionality of EPDM/BaTiO3 composites. The contribution of carbon black is a defining feature of the studied composites based on the nucleation of the host matrix by which the polymer properties are effectively ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Borbath
- ROSEAL SA, 5 A Nicolae Bălcescu, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Nicula
- INCDIE ICPE CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Traian Zaharescu
- ROSEAL SA, 5 A Nicolae Bălcescu, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania
- INCDIE ICPE CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Istvan Borbath
- ROSEAL SA, 5 A Nicolae Bălcescu, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania
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Tian R, Li K, Lin Y, Lu C, Duan X. Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3007-3088. [PMID: 36802560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure-property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Celina MC, Linde E, Martinez E. Carbonyl Identification and Quantification Uncertainties for Oxidative Polymer Degradation. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ageing properties of a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to (bio) diesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) in demanding high temperature conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zaharescu T, Râpă M, Blanco I, Borbath T, Borbath I. Durability of LDPE/UHMWPE Composites under Accelerated Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1241. [PMID: 32486056 PMCID: PMC7362078 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a detailed analysis of thermal and radiation resistances of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends containing hydroxyapatite as functional filler and rosemary acting as antioxidant against oxidative degradation. Three main procedures, chemiluminescence (CL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), were applied for the determination of the degree of degradation when these materials are subjected to heat and radiation action. The crystallinity was also assessed for the characterization of diffusion peculiarities. The contributions of the mixing components are discussed based on their oxidation strength. The activation energies required for the oxidative degradation of the studied formulations were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Zaharescu
- National Institute for Electrical Engineering (INCDIE, ICPE–CA), Radiochemistry Center; 030138 Bucharest, Romania
- ROSEAL SA, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania; (T.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Maria Râpă
- Department of Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, “Polytechnica” University, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture and UdR-Catania Consorzio INSTM, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tunde Borbath
- ROSEAL SA, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania; (T.B.); (I.B.)
| | - Istvan Borbath
- ROSEAL SA, Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Harghita, Romania; (T.B.); (I.B.)
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Delozanne J, Desgardin N, Cuvillier N, Richaud E. Thermal oxidation of aromatic epoxy-diamine networks. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Erdmann M, Böhning M, Niebergall U. Physical and chemical effects of biodiesel storage on high-density polyethylene: Evidence of co-oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wei XF, Kallio KJ, Bruder S, Bellander M, Gedde UW, Hedenqvist MS. Long-term performance of a polyamide-12-based fuel line with a thin poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) inner layer exposed to bio- and petroleum diesel. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Long-term performance of polyamide-based multilayer (bio)diesel fuel lines aged under “in-vehicle” conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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