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Xue Y, Yang F, Li J, Zuo X, Pan B, Li M, Quinto L, Mehta J, Stiefel L, Kimmey C, Eshed Y, Zussman E, Simon M, Rafailovich M. Synthesis of an Effective Flame-Retardant Hydrogel for Skin Protection Using Xanthan Gum and Resorcinol Bis(diphenyl phosphate)-Coated Starch. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4535-4543. [PMID: 34609837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the production of a flame-resistant xanthan gum (XG)-based hydrogel formulation, which could be directly applied onto the skin for protection against burning projectiles. The hydrogel cream represents an efficient use of XG and starch, both of which are biodegradable, reusable natural materials and are also GRAS-certified. The flame-retardant agent resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) was shown to be nontoxic to cells in vitro when adsorbed directly onto the starch delivery vehicle. Three hydrogel formulations were studied, the pure XG hydrogel, commercial FireIce hydrogel, and RDP-XG/RDP-starch hydrogel. After application of a direct flame for 150 s, the RDP-XG/RDP-starch hydrogel produced a thick char layer, which was easily removed, showing undamaged chicken skin and tissue underneath. In contrast, complete burning of skin and tissue was observed on untreated control samples and those covered with FireIce and pure XG hydrogels. The thermal protective performance test was also performed, where the heat transfer was measured as a function of time for all three hydrogels. The RDP-XG/RDP-starch hydrogel was able to prolong the protection time before obtaining a second-degree burn for 103 s, which is double that for FireIce and triple that for the pure XG hydrogel. The model proposed involves endothermic reactions, producing char and burning "cold", as opposed to simply relying on the adsorbed water in the hydrogel for burn protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.,ThINC Facility at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Bole Pan
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mingkang Li
- The School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Lisa Quinto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jalaj Mehta
- Hauppauge High School, Hauppauge, New York 11788, United States
| | - Lauren Stiefel
- Yeshiva University High School for Girls, Holliswood, New York 11423, United States
| | - Conor Kimmey
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yuval Eshed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Marcia Simon
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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2
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Yu H, Li J, Chen G, Zhang R, Li Y, Qiu B, Li X. Effects of phosphate
emulsion‐based
montmorillonite on structure and properties of
poly(styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene)
triblock copolymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jun Li
- Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Gang Chen
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yangyang Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Biwei Qiu
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China
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3
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Zhu P, Xu M, Li S, Zhang Z, Li B. Preparation and investigation of efficient flame retardant TPE composites with piperazine pyrophosphate/aluminum diethylphosphinate system. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingbo Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of PetrochemistryHeilongjiang Academy of Sciences Harbin 150001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded MaterialsCollege of Science, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 People's Republic of China
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4
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Wilke A, Langfeld K, Ulmer B, Andrievici V, Hörold A, Limbach P, Bastian M, Schartel B. Halogen-Free Multicomponent Flame Retardant Thermoplastic Styrene–Ethylene–Butylene–Styrene Elastomers Based on Ammonium Polyphosphate–Expandable Graphite Synergy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Wilke
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und−prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Langfeld
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und−prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ulmer
- SKZ German Plastic
Center, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vlad Andrievici
- SKZ German Plastic
Center, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hörold
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und−prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Limbach
- SKZ German Plastic
Center, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Bastian
- SKZ German Plastic
Center, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 22, 97076 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und−prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Li X, Tang S, Zhou X, Gu S, Huang K, Xu J, Wang X, Li Y. Synergistic effect of amino silane functional montmorillonite on intumescent flame-retarded SEBS and its mechanism. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Shawei Tang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Shengheng Gu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- DSM Resolve; P.O. Box 18 Geleen 6160 MD The Netherlands
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering; University of Shanghai for Science and Technology; Shanghai 200093 China
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6
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Zhang Y, Yu B, Wang B, Liew KM, Song L, Wang C, Hu Y. Highly Effective P–P Synergy of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Department
of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Instruments’
Center For Physical Science/Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zhu DY, Guo JW, Xian JX, Fu SQ. Novel sulfonate-containing halogen-free flame-retardants: effect of ternary and quaternary sulfonates centered on adamantane on the properties of polycarbonate composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two efficient sulfonate flame retardants based on adamantane endow PC composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jian Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jia Xing Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Shu Qin Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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8
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Sut A, Greiser S, Jäger C, Schartel B. Interactions in multicomponent flame-retardant polymers: Solid-state NMR identifying the chemistry behind it. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Fu SQ, Guo JW, Zhu DY, Yang Z, Yang CF, Xian JX, Li X. Novel halogen-free flame retardants based on adamantane for polycarbonate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of PC/FR compositions presents a continuous and protective carbon layer with several bubbles and folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chu-Fen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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