1
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Li P, Wang J, Wang C, Xu C, Ni A. The Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of the Epoxy Modified by an Efficient DOPO-Based Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:631. [PMID: 38475315 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanical performance reduction caused by excessive phosphorus content in the halogen-free flame-retardant EP has been an obstacle to its extensive application. This study presents the effective synthesis of a novel flame-retardant BDD with great efficiency, achieving an optimum phosphorus level of merely 0.25 wt %. The structure of BDD was verified by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR and XPS spectra. To investigate the flame-retardant properties of BDD, several EPs with various phosphorus levels were synthesized. The addition of phosphorus to the EP significantly increases its LOI value from 25.8% to 33.4% at a phosphorus level of 0.25 wt%. Additionally, the resin achieves a V-0 grade in the UL 94 test. The P-HRR and THR of the modified resin measured by the cone calorimeter are also significantly reduced. At the same time, the addition of a modest quantity of BDD has a minimal impact on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin. This study shows that the removal of hydroxyl groups significantly enhances the fire resistance of phosphate-based flame retardants, thereby providing a novel approach to synthesizing efficient flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changzeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aiqing Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Wang J, Yu S, Xiao S. Research progress of triazine flame retardants. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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3
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Yang B, Wei Y, Qiu Y, Ramakrishna S, Liu Y. A novel bio‐based, flame retardant and latent imidazole compound—Its synthesis and uses as curing agent for epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Yi Wei
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yiping Qiu
- Donghua University Center for Civil Aviation Composites Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Yanbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
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4
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Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Phytic acid doped polyaniline-coupled g-C3N4 nanosheets for synergizing with APP promoting fire safety and waterproof performance of epoxy composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Fang M, Qian J, Wang X, Chen Z, Guo R, Shi Y. Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silicon and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7094-7105. [PMID: 33748623 PMCID: PMC7970578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (TDA) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon was synthesized successfully via a controllable ring-opening addition reaction between 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and TDA was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs). The chemical structure and components of TDA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that after the introduction of TDA, cured EP maintained good thermal stability with a minimum initial decomposition temperature of 337.6 °C, and the char yields of a EP/TDA-5 sample significantly increased by 76.2% compared with that of the neat EP thermoset. Additionally, with the addition of 25.0 wt % TDA (1.05 wt % phosphorus loading), the limited oxygen index value of cured EP increased from 22.5% of pure EP to 33.4%, and vertical burning V-0 rating was easily achieved. Meanwhile, after the incorporation of TDA, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP/TDA-5 sample obviously reduced by 28.9 and 27.7% in the cone calorimeter test, respectively. Flame-retardant performances and flame-retardant mechanisms were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon plays an excellent flame-retardant role in both gaseous and condensed phases. In addition, the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of cured EP thermosets are well maintained rather than destroyed. All the results demonstrate that TDA endows epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and possesses great promise in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Li L, Li S, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yin X, Mao J. Low flammability and smoke epoxy resins with a novel
DOPO
‐based imidazolone derivative. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shan Li
- Artificial Intelligence School Wuchang University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Xianze Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University Wuhan China
| | - Jiawei Mao
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chengdu Institute of Product Quality Inspection Co., Ltd Chengdu China
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8
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Lv X, Zeng W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Lei Z, Liu J, Chen D. Fabrication of ZIF‐8@Polyphosphazene core‐shell structure and its efficient synergism with ammonium polyphosphate in flame‐retarding epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Zhiwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yaoxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Ziqiang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco‐environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Quangang Petrochemical Research InstituteFujian Normal University Quanzhou China
| | - Denglong Chen
- Quangang Petrochemical Research InstituteFujian Normal University Quanzhou China
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9
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Wang P, Chen L, Xiao H, Zhan T. Nitrogen/sulfur-containing DOPO based oligomer for highly efficient flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of a novel reactive type flame retardant composed of phenophosphazine ring and maleimide for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Liu S, Chen P, Zhu X, Xia L. Investigation of the curing mechanism and properties of bismaleimide-triazine resins containing phenolphthalein and cyano group. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Siyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lianlian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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12
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Wu H, Li Y, Zeng B, Chen G, Wu Y, Chen T, Dai L. A high synergistic P/N/Si-containing additive with dandelion-shaped structure deriving from self-assembly for enhancing thermal and flame retardant property of epoxy resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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14
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Huo S, Wang J, Yang S, Cai H, Zhang B, Chen X, Wu Q, Yang L. Synergistic effect between a novel triazine-based flame retardant and DOPO/HPCP on epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Qilei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan People's Republic of China
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15
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Tang L, Lyu GX, Mao W, Xue YC, Li L, Jia CT, Wu MH. Synergistic effects between hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons on strengthening decomposition of an s-triazine compound: A combined experimental and theoretical study. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:365-371. [PMID: 29274575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of an environmentally recalcitrant s-triazine compound, prometry (PMT), was carried out by experimental and theoretical approaches to study the combined effects of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and hydrated electrons (eaq-). With the participation of strongly oxidative radicals OH and reductive radicals eaq- induced by electron beam (EB), PMT obtained a good decomposition performance, which was obviously better than those methods simply using OH as the single active species. The evolution of cyanuric acid (CA) during the EB and UV irradiation processes elucidate that former method could efficiently decompose such chemically stable intermediate. The experiments of radical scavengers further suggest that OH was the predominant radical during PMT degradation, while eaq- was beneficial to further decomposition and mineralization. Combined with the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the strengthened synergistic effects between OH and eaq- were proven. The calculations illustrated OH could attack the carbon-branch-chains of s-trazine ring and form OH-adducts rather than nitrogen oxides. Moreover, the presence of eaq- could not only greatly change the geometry of the s-triazine ring, but also help cleaving alkyl chain on ring, thus facilitate the complete mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Geng-Xin Lyu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China.
| | - Wen Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Cheng-Tao Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Ming-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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16
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Yang S, Hu Y, Zhang Q. Synthesis of a phosphorus–nitrogen-containing flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318756496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a phosphorus–nitrogen-containing flame retardant (DOPO-T) was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and cyanuric chloride. The chemical structure of DOPO-T was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and phosphorous-31 NMR, and elemental analysis. DOPO-T was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins. Thermal properties, flame retardancy, and combustion behavior of the cured epoxy resins were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results indicated that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) and temperature at 5% weight loss of epoxy resin (EP)/DOPO-T thermosets were gradually decreased with the increasing content of DOPO-T. DOPO-T catalyzed the decomposition of EP matrix in advance. The flame-retardant performance of EP thermosets was significantly enhanced with the addition of DOPO-T. EP/DOPO-T-0.9 sample had an LOI value of 36.2% and achieved UL94 V-1 rating. In addition, the average of heat release rate, peak of heat release rate, average of effective heat of combustion, and total heat release (THR) of EP/DOPO-T-0.9 sample were decreased by 32%, 48%, 23%, and 31%, respectively, compared with the neat EP sample. Impressively, EP/DOPO-T thermosets acquired excellent flame retardancy under low loading of flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yefa Hu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Material Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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17
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He D, Zhao C, Gou H, Li Y, Xiang D. Flame retardancy and toughening properties of epoxy composites containing ammonium polyphosphate microcapsules and expanded graphite. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317747952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium polyphosphate microcapsules (BM (polybenzoxazine modified) APP) were prepared through the in situ ring-opening polymerization of allyl group containing benzoxazine monomers on the surfaces of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and they were significantly hydrophobic than the APP. A flame retardant system of epoxy (EP) resin was prepared with BMAPP and expanded graphite (EG). Flame retardancy, the thermal degradation behavior, a mechanical property of EP and EP/BMAPP/EG composites was investigated through limited oxygen index, vertical burning test, cone calorimetry (CONE), and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardancy tests indicated that the EG could improve the thermal performance, promote the charring, and enhance the char quality of EP/BMAPP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to analyze the morphology and composition of the char residue formed during CONE testing, and to understand the mechanism of char formation. The results of TG-FTIR confirmed the possible mechanism of flame retardancy of EP/BMAPP/EG in the gas phase during combustion. The EG content effects on Young’s modulus, the tensile strength, and the fracture toughness ( KIC) of the EP/BMAPP composites were also investigated. The KIC of the composites containing 1% of EG and 10% of BMAPP increased by approximately 76% and 153%, respectively, compared to the neat matrix and EP/BMAPP-10%. The SEM images of the fractured surface indicated that the enhanced toughness of EP/BMAPP/EG composites mainly attributed to the debonding of the BMAPP and the subsequent plastic void growth of the matrix, as well as the crack deflection effect of the BMAPP/EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da He
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haolan Gou
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Department of Materials and Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Synthesis of a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene and piperidine groups and its application in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Huo S, Wang J, Yang S, Chen X, Zhang B, Wu Q, Zhang B. Flame-retardant performance and mechanism of epoxy thermosets modified with a novel reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Qilei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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20
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Wu X, Dong C, Wirasaputra A, Huang H, Liu S, Zhao J, Fu Y. Imparting high flame retardancy to epoxy resin with ultra-low loading of 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide functioned triazine. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317723083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High mechanical properties and flame retardancy of epoxy are important for its applications. A novel star-shaped flame-retardant 5,10-dihydro-phenohphosphazine-10-oxide functioned triazine (TRIDPPA) with high efficiency is synthesized, and its structure is characterized. TRIDPPA is used as the co-curing agent for diglycidyl ether of the bisphenol A/4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane system. The introduction of TRIDPPA greatly improves the flame retardancy of the cured epoxy resins. The epoxy resin (ER)/TRIDDPA1.0 resin acquires a limiting oxygen index value of 30.7% and UL-94 V-0 rating when the mass fraction of TRIDDPA is 1.0 wt% with only 0.086 wt% of phosphorus content. The cross-link density of ER/TRIDDPA1.0 is increased, and the glass transition temperature is improved by 5°C. Besides, tensile strength and toughness of ER/TRIDDPA1.0 are also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alvianto Wirasaputra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haohao Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Fu
- Silverage Engineering Plastics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Yang S, Zhang Q, Hu Y. Preparation and investigation of flame-retardant epoxy resin modified with a novel halogen-free flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene, triazine-trione, and organoboron units. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Yefa Hu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Wuhan University of Technology; Wuhan 430070 People's Republic of China
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22
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Wu MH, Yang XX, Xu G, Que CJ, Ma SH, Tang L. Semivolatile organic compounds in surface microlayer and subsurface water of Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China: implications for accumulation and interrelationship. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6572-6580. [PMID: 28078517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) from Dianshan Lake were studied to investigate their occurrence, distributions, as well as enrichment and potential sources. A sample was concentrated by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). Identification and quantification were carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total SVOCs concentrations ranged from 25.93 to 47.49 μg/L in SSW and 38.19 to 77.23 μg/L in SML. The phthalic acid esters (PAE) concentrations in both SSW and SML are the highest of the total SVOC. The enrichment factors (EFs) of total SVOCs ranged from 0.80 to 2.98, while the highest EF was found in benzyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, compounds of PAEs (4.06). The EFs values calculated in this study were consistent with the EFs reported for other water ecosystems. Compared with other place, the EF of PAHs were in the normal level (0.88-2.37). The results of correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that at least three sources, i.e., agricultural residual pesticides, industrial sewage and miscellaneous sources, were responsible for the presence of SVOCs in Dianshan Lake examined, accounting for 94.16% of the total variance in the dataset. Environmental risk assessment revealed that a majority of SVOCs posed relatively low risks (the values of risk quotient were less than 0.1), while naphthalene, acenaphthene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and dibutyl phthalat exhibited moderate risks (values of risk quotient were more than 0.1 but less than 1fore) to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Xia Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen-Jing Que
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Han Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Wang S, Ma S, Xu C, Liu Y, Dai J, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen J, Shen X, Wei J, Zhu J. Vanillin-Derived High-Performance Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins: Facile Synthesis and Properties. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19
A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiang Xu
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19
A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19
A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Dai
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19
A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Shen
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19
A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute
of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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24
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Lyu G, Shi G, Tang L, Fang H, Wu M. Mechanism of degradation of a nitrogenous heterocycle induced by a reductive radical: decomposition of a sym-triazine ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9354-9357. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanuric acid, a major component of many materials and chemicals, and also the most important intermediate in the degradation processes of sym-triazine compounds in the natural environment, as well as being used for water treatment, was selected to elucidate the mechanism of degradation of nitrogenous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Lyu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology
| | - Guosheng Shi
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- China
| | - Liang Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Haiping Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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25
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Dong C, Wirasaputra A, Luo Q, Liu S, Yuan Y, Zhao J, Fu Y. Intrinsic Flame-Retardant and Thermally Stable Epoxy Endowed by a Highly Efficient, Multifunctional Curing Agent. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E1008. [PMID: 28774127 PMCID: PMC5456980 DOI: 10.3390/ma9121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to realize flame retardancy of epoxy without suffering much detriment in thermal stability. To solve the problem, a super-efficient phosphorus-nitrogen-containing reactive-type flame retardant, 10-(hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-5,10-dihydrophenophosphazinine-10-oxide (HB-DPPA) is synthesized and characterized. When it is used as a co-curing agent of 4,4'-methylenedianiline (DDM) for curing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the cured epoxy achieves UL-94 V-0 rating with the limiting oxygen index of 29.3%. In this case, the phosphorus content in the system is exceptionally low (0.18 wt %). To the best of our knowledge, it currently has the highest efficiency among similar epoxy systems. Such excellent flame retardancy originates from the exclusive chemical structure of the phenophosphazine moiety, in which the phosphorus element is stabilized by the two adjacent aromatic rings. The action in the condensed phase is enhanced and followed by pressurization of the pyrolytic gases that induces the blowing-out effect during combustion. The cone calorimeter result reveals the formation of a unique intumescent char structure with five discernible layers. Owing to the super-efficient flame retardancy and the rigid molecular structure of HB-DPPA, the flame-retardant epoxy acquires high thermal stability and its initial decomposition temperature only decreases by 4.6 °C as compared with the unmodified one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Alvianto Wirasaputra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qinqin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yi Fu
- Silverage Engineering Plastics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523187, China.
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26
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Ren Z, Cheng Y, Li Y, Xiao F. Preparation and characterization of soluble bismaleimide-triazine resins based on asymmetric bismaleimide. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Ren
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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27
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Luo Q, Yuan Y, Dong C, Huang H, Liu S, Zhao J. Highly Effective Flame Retardancy of a Novel DPPA-Based Curing Agent for DGEBA Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haohao Huang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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28
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Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen type flame retardant composed of maleimide, triazine-trione, and phosphaphenanthrene and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Liu S, Zhao J. Flame–retarded epoxy resin with high glass transition temperature cured by DOPO-containing H-benzimidazole. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316628967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A halogen-free flame retardant of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-containing H-benzimidazole (DHBI) was synthesized and subsequently used as co-curing agent of 4,4′-diamino-diphenylmethane for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. The structure of DHBI was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton, carbon 13 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. A series of cured epoxy resins (EPs) were prepared and their flame retardancy, thermal stability, flexibility, and dielectric properties were investigated. The resulting cured EP (EP-10) with 7.45 wt% of DHBI successfully achieved UL 94 V-0 rate with limited oxygen index of 35.6% and without dropping phenomenon. Compared with the cured pristine EP (EP-00), the glass transition temperature of EP-10 was increased by 6.9°C, accompanied with an enhancement of flexible strength by 13.1 MPa and a decrement of dielectric constant by 0.3 at the testing frequency of 1 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumei Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
Epoxy resins were modified with 10-(2,5-dihydroxyl phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and 1,1′-(methylenedi-4,1-phenylene) bismaleimide (BDM). The resulting blends were then cured with 4, 4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Thermal properties of the cured epoxy resins were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Flame retardancy of the cured epoxy resins was checked by limiting oxygen index test, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The char residue after cone calorimeter test was investigated by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. The results indicated that the cured resins exhibited high glass transition temperature and excellent flame-retardant properties. BDM promoted the carbonization property of phosphorus-containing epoxy resin and facilitated the formation of cross-linked char layer with compact and continuous structure, thus enhancing the flame-retardant properties.
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31
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Synergistic flame-retardant effect of expandable graphite and phosphorus-containing compounds for epoxy resin: Strong bonding of different carbon residues. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Wang J, Tang Y. Synthesis of a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing compound based on maleimide and cyclotriphosphazene and its flame-retardant mechanism on epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Ren Z, Cheng Y, Li Y, Xiao F. Soluble asymmetric bismaleimide with low molten viscosity and its high glass transition temperature polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Ren
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanrong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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34
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Qiu Y, Qian L, Xi W. Flame-retardant effect of a novel phosphaphenanthrene/triazine-trione bi-group compound on an epoxy thermoset and its pyrolysis behaviour. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10752d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel phosphaphenanthrene/triazine-trione bi-group flame retardant TOD, containing two different chemical bridge bonds (aliphatic and aromatic) between flame-retarding groups, was synthesized to prepare satisfactory flame-retardant epoxy thermoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
| | - Wang Xi
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
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35
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Saba N, Jawaid M, Paridah MT, Al-othman OY. A review on flammability of epoxy polymer, cellulosic and non-cellulosic fiber reinforced epoxy composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. T. Paridah
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - O. Y. Al-othman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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36
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Xu W, Wirasaputra A, Liu S, Yuan Y, Zhao J. Highly effective flame retarded epoxy resin cured by DOPO-based co-curing agent. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Wang M, Wang J. Preparation and flame retardancy of a compounded epoxy resin system composed of phosphorus/nitrogen-containing active compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Cheng L, Wang M. Preparation and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin system constructed by multiple flame-retardant compositions containing phosphorus and nitrogen heterocycle. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Wang M, Cheng L. Synthesis of a Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Additive with Multifunctional Groups and Its Flame-Retardant Effect in Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Huo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liufeng Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Qian L, Qiu Y, Wang J, Xi W. High-performance flame retardancy by char-cage hindering and free radical quenching effects in epoxy thermosets. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Yang S, Wang J, Huo S, Cheng L, Wang M. The synergistic effect of maleimide and phosphaphenanthrene groups on a reactive flame-retarded epoxy resin system. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Zhao C, He D, Wang Y, Xing Y, Li Y. Flame retardant and toughening mechanisms of core–shell microspheres. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15341g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy (EP) composites containing polystyrene-ammonium polyphosphate core–shell microspheres (CSPPS-APP) were developed for flame retardant and toughening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhao
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- People's Republic of China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Da He
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Xing
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Li
- State Key Lab of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation
- Southwest Petroleum University
- Chengdu 610500
- People's Republic of China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
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43
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Wu J, Xi Y, McCandless GT, Kulikov OV, Menon R, Novak BM. Synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorinated bismaleimide via a nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction and its polymeric networks. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorinated bismaleimide, OFCP-BMI, was designed and readily synthesized via the nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction of octafluorocyclopentene with maleimide-functionalized phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
- The University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Science and Engineering
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Gregory T. McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
- The University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Oleg V. Kulikov
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
- The University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Remya Menon
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
- The University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Bruce M. Novak
- Department of Chemistry and the Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute
- The University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
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