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Di Giulio T, De Benedetto GE, Ditaranto N, Malitesta C, Mazzotta E. Insights into Plastic Degradation Processes in Marine Environment by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5060. [PMID: 38791107 PMCID: PMC11121657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study employs X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze plastic samples subjected to degradation processes with the aim to gain insight on the relevant chemical processes and disclose fragmentation mechanisms. Two model plastics, namely polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE), are selected and analyzed before and after artificial UV radiation-triggered weathering, under simulated environmental hydrodynamic conditions, in fresh and marine water for different time intervals. The object of the study is to identify and quantify chemical groups possibly evidencing the occurrence of hydrolysis and oxidation reactions, which are the basis of degradation processes in the environment, determining macroplastic fragmentation. Artificially weathered plastic samples are analyzed also by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. Changes in surface chemistry with weathering are revealed by XPS, involving the increase in chemical moieties (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl functionalities) which can be correlated with the degradation processes responsible for macroplastic fragmentation. On the other hand, the absence of significant modifications upon plastics weathering evidenced by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy confirms the importance of investigating plastics surface, which represents the very first part of the materials exposed to degradation agents, thus revealing the power of XPS studies for this purpose. The XPS data on experimentally weathered particles are compared with ones obtained on microplastics collected from real marine environment for investigating the occurring degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Di Giulio
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (T.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto
- Laboratorio di Spettrometria di Massa Analitica ed Isotopica, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- CSGI (Center for Colloid and Surface Science) Bari Unit, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (T.D.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratorio di Chimica Analitica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (T.D.G.); (C.M.)
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2
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da Silva LF, Soroldoni S, Kessler F, Fernandes AN, Pinho GLL. Influence of UV exposure time and simulated marine environment on different microplastic degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:121450-121464. [PMID: 37950129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of environmental factors (UV radiation and salinity) in the degradative process of microplastics (MPs). MPs derived from polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were subjected to accelerated photodegradation while being submerged in distilled water or artificial seawater. Depending on the polymer, changes in surface properties, new functional chemical group formation and oxidative index, and thermal characteristics of samples were observed. After photodegradation experiments, EVA-MPs samples showed an increase in their thermal resistance, besides the changes in their surface. PP-MPs crystallinity index increased upon exposure to UV radiation. PS samples showed a higher carbonyl and hydroxyl index after 30 h of UV exposure. The methodology exploited applies to any location in the world and can be comparable once considering the total ultraviolet index (UVI). The saline medium increases the crystallinity index of PP and EVA-MPs samples and intensifies the formation of new carbonyl and hydroxyl bonds in EVA-MPs samples. The results showed that several environmental factors should be considered in interpreting MPs photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Freire da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Sanye Soroldoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Kessler
- Escola de Química E Alimentos, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Andreia Neves Fernandes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio A, Sala 218/2, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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3
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Vrinda PK, Amal R, Abhirami N, Mini DA, Kumar VJR, Devipriya SP. Co-exposure of microplastics and heavy metals in the marine environment and remediation techniques: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114822-114843. [PMID: 37922080 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals are significant pollutants in the marine environment, necessitating effective remediation strategies to prevent their release into the sea through sewage and industrial effluent. This comprehensive review explores the current understanding of the co-exposure of MPs and heavy metal-enriched MPs, highlighting the need for effective remediation methods. Various mechanisms, including surface ion complexation, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic forces, contribute to the adsorption of heavy metals onto MPs, with factors like surface area and environmental exposure duration playing crucial roles. Additionally, biofilm formation on MPs alters their chemical properties, influencing metal adsorption behaviors. Different thermodynamic models are used to explain the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals on MPs. The adsorption process is influenced by various factors, including the morphological characteristics of MPs, their adsorption capacity, and environmental conditions. Additionally, the desorption of heavy metals from MPs has implications for their bioavailability and poses risks to marine organisms, emphasizing the importance of source reduction and remedial measures. Hybrid approaches that combine both conventional and modern technologies show promise for the efficient removal of MPs and heavy metals from marine environments. This review identifies critical gaps in existing research that should be addressed in future studies including standardized sampling methods to ensure accurate data, further investigation into the specific interactions between MPs and metals, and the development of hybrid technologies at an industrial scale. Overall, this review sheds light on the adsorption and desorption mechanisms of heavy metal-enriched MPs, underscoring the necessity of implementing effective remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punmoth Kalyadan Vrinda
- Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Port Blair, 744112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Amal
- School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India, 682022
| | - Nandakumar Abhirami
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Divya Alex Mini
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682508, Kerala, India
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4
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Osório Brandão JA, Morisso FDP, Francisquetti EL, Campomanes Santana RM. Influence of the nature of pro-oxidants on the photooxidation of polyethylene blown films. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10217. [PMID: 36033264 PMCID: PMC9404358 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to reduce the accumulation of polymeric waste in the environment, such as plastic bags, the use of pro-oxidants has been adopted in polyolefins, including polyethylene (PE), which is one of the most used polymers in film production. The incorporation of this additive to PE film aims to accelerate its oxidation in the process of abiotic degradation, generating oxygenated groups that can facilitate the biotic degradation. Commercial pro-oxidants are commonly organic salts of transition metals. However, their use can lead to a secondary problem, the inappropriate accumulation of transition metals at the site where the polymeric waste was deposited and, for this reason, it has been sought pro-oxidants metals free and that can also be biodegraded. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the photodegradation of PE blown films obtained by extrusion using a commercial pro-oxidant, d2w™, an alternative organic pro-oxidant, benzoin, and also a standard film, without pro-oxidant. After undergoing 96 and 144 h of UV light exposure, the blown films were evaluated by dilute solution viscometry, FTIR and SEM analysis. The results showed that the pro-oxidants lead to the formation of more macromolecular fragments containing carbonyl groups than in the standard PE film. The film extruded with benzoin showed greater fragmentation, which may be associated with a greater reduction in the average viscosimetric molar mass, therefore, this additive being a promising organic substance in the induction of photooxidation, as demonstrated by the other results obtained by FTIR and SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Augusto Osório Brandão
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Engineering School, Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), Bento Gonçalves Ave, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dal Pont Morisso
- Feevale Universtiy, Laboratory for Advanced Materials Studies, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Francisquetti
- Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Materials Department, São Vicente Ave, 785, 95174-274, Farroupilha, Brazil
| | - Ruth Marlene Campomanes Santana
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Engineering School, Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), Bento Gonçalves Ave, 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Effect of Temperature Ageing on Injection Molded High-Density Polyethylene Parts Modified by Accelerated Electrons. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030742. [PMID: 35160688 PMCID: PMC8837097 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The temperature ageing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) modified by accelerated electrons was studied. Commodity plastic HDPE was used as a basic polymer material which was modified by radiation cross-linking. This polymer was used because of its excellent processability and chemical resistance. Plastic injection molding technology was used for the production of test specimens. These specimens were modified with the dose of radiation 33, 66, 99, 132, 165, and 198 kGy. The prepared specimens were tested to determine: gel content, degree of swelling, temperature stability, and changes in mechanical properties after temperature ageing. The results were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the fracture surfaces. The results of this study confirm that modification of HDPE by radiation cross-linking has a significant effect on increasing temperature stability. It has been shown that HDPE modified by radiation cross-linking can withstand temperatures exceeding the melting point of the original HDPE for a short-term.
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6
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Sarkar AK, Rubin AE, Zucker I. Engineered Polystyrene-Based Microplastics of High Environmental Relevance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10491-10501. [PMID: 34291927 PMCID: PMC8383278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution-an emerging environmental challenge of the 21st century-refers to accumulation of environmentally weathered polymer-based particles with potential environmental and health risks. Because of technical and practical challenges when using environmental MPs for risk assessment, most available data are generated using plastic models of limited environmental relevancy (i.e., with physicochemical characteristics inherently different from those of environmental MPs). In this study, we assess the effect of dominant weathering conditions-including thermal, photo-, and mechanical degradation-on surface and bulk characteristics of polystyrene (PS)-based single-use products. Further, we augment the environmental relevance of model-enabled risk assessment through the design of engineered MPs. A set of optimized laboratory-based weathering conditions demonstrated a synergetic effect on the PS-based plastic, which was fragmented into millions of 1-3 μm MP particles in under 16 h. The physicochemical properties of these engineered MPs were compared to those of their environmental counterpart and PS microbeads often used as MP models. The engineered MPs exhibit high environmental relevance with rough and oxidized surfaces and a heterogeneous fragmented morphology. Our results suggest that this top-down synthesis protocol combining major weathering mechanisms can fabricate improved, realistic, and reproducible PS-based plastic models with high levels of control over the particles' properties. Through increased environmental relevancy, our plastic model bolsters the field of risk assessment, enabling more reliable estimations of risk associated with an emerging pollutant of global concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sarkar
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Porter
School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Andrey Ethan Rubin
- Porter
School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ines Zucker
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Porter
School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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7
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Su Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Shi J, Wei H, Xie B, Shi H. Microplastics act as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate: The enhanced roles of the long-term aging process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116278. [PMID: 33333404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are found to be ubiquitous and serve as vectors for other contaminants, and the inevitable aging process changes MP properties and fates. However, whether the MPs in aging process affects the fates of antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) in aquatic environments is poorly understood. Herein, the physicochemical property alteration of MPs being aged in landfill leachate, an important reservoir of MPs and ARGs, was investigated, and microbial community evolution and ARGs occurrence of MP surface during the aging process were analyzed. Aging process remarkably altered surface properties, including increasing specific surface areas, causing the formation of oxygen-containing groups, and changing surface morphology, which further increased the probability of microbial colonization. The bacterial assemblage on MPs showed higher biofilm-forming and pathogenic potential compared to leachate. ARGs quantification results suggested that MPs exhibited selective enrichment for ARGs in a ratio of 5.7-103 folds, and the aging process enhanced the enrichment potential. Further co-occurrence networks suggested that the existence of non-random, closer and more stable ARGs-bacterial taxa relations on MP surface affected the ARG transmission. The study of ARG partitioning on MPs indicated that extracellular DNA was a nonnegligible reservoir of ARGs attached on MP surface, and that biofilm bacterial community influenced ARGs partitioning pattern during the aging process. This study confirmed that the aging process could enhance the potential of MPs as vectors for ARGs, which would promote the holistic understanding of MP behavior and risk in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jundong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianhong Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huawei Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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8
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Zhang H, Wang L, Dong P, Mao S, Mao P, Liu G. Photolysis of the BODIPY dye activated by pillar[5]arene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7454-7458. [PMID: 35423231 PMCID: PMC8694983 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08611h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a pseudo[3]rotaxane comprising a fluorescent BODIPY derivative and pillar[5]arene was conveniently fabricated via host–guest complexation. Importantly, in this system, the efficient photodecomposition of the BODIPY derivative in the presence of pillar[5]arene was witnessed upon irradiation at 311 nm light, which was demonstrated via UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, NMR and HR-MS spectroscopy techniques, but the only BODIPY dye in the absence of pillar[5]arene couldn't undergo photodegradation. We demonstrated that pillar[5]arene could act as an activator to trigger the photodegradation reaction of BODIPY derivatives via free radical reactions even without supramolecular interactions. The present results provide a new strategy for the efficient photolysis of organic dyes. Here, a pseudo[3]rotaxane comprising a fluorescent BODIPY derivative and pillar[5]arene was conveniently fabricated via host–guest complexation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Puyang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Shuqiang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Pu Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
- College of Science
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9
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Weingrill HM, Resch‐Fauster K, Lucyshyn T, Zauner C. Thermally conductive high‐density polyethylene as novel phase‐change material: Application‐relevant long‐term stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Weingrill
- Materials Science and Testing of PolymersMontanuniversitaet Leoben Otto‐Gloeckel‐Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben Austria
- Polymer ProcessingMontanuniversitaet Leoben Otto‐Gloeckel‐Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - K. Resch‐Fauster
- Materials Science and Testing of PolymersMontanuniversitaet Leoben Otto‐Gloeckel‐Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - T. Lucyshyn
- Polymer ProcessingMontanuniversitaet Leoben Otto‐Gloeckel‐Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - C. Zauner
- Sustainable Thermal Energy SystemAustrian Institute of Technology Giefinggasse 2, 1020 Vienna Austria
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10
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Guo X, Wang J. The chemical behaviors of microplastics in marine environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:1-14. [PMID: 31232281 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely existed in marine and coastal environments, which aroused global concern in recent years. This review mainly summarized the interactions of organic pollutants and metals with microplastics based on environmental monitoring results and laboratory results reported by literatures. Firstly, the type, properties, and distribution of microplastics in the environment were briefly reviewed. Secondly, the property changes of microplastics after degradation were discussed. Thirdly, the concentrations of pollutants on microplastics in global environments were summarized. Then the effect of the factors (e.g. types and properties of microplastics, types of pollutants, and environmental conditions) on the sorption behaviors of microplastics were discussed in detail. Finally, the influences of microplastics on marine organisms were briefly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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11
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Abiotic thermo-oxidative degradation of high density polyethylene: Effect of manganese stearate concentration. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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The effect of thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation conditions on rheological, chemical and thermal properties of HDPE. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Manfredi M, Barberis E, Rava A, Poli T, Chiantore O, Marengo E. An analytical approach for the non-invasive selection of consolidants in rubber artworks. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5711-5722. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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14
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Wang YX, Zhang YM, Liu Y. Photolysis of an Amphiphilic Assembly by Calixarene-Induced Aggregation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4543-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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