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Han N, Lee K, Lee J, Jo JH, An EJ, Lee G, Chi WS, Lee C. Dual-Porous ZIF-8 Heterogeneous Catalysts with Increased Reaction Sites for Efficient PET Glycolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:143187. [PMID: 39187024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been widely used for drink bottles, food packing, films, and fibers, resulting in millions of tons of waste PET. Less than 10% of that waste is recycled, and the rest is discarded or incinerated. Waste PET upcycling employs chemical recycling and particularly glycolysis to create the bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomer. Herein, we report a dual-porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticle (DPZIF-8) heterogeneous catalyst for efficient PET glycolysis. The DPZIF-8 nanoparticles were prepared using a triethylamine modulator, which can control the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles. The DPZIF-8 nanoparticles include both intrinsic micropores and particle-particle adhesion-induced mesopores that can provide a larger external surface area of the zinc sites in the ZIF-8 architecture. The PET glycolysis catalyzed by DPZIF-8 at 180 °C and 1 atm for 4 h shows a PET conversion of 91.7% and a BHET yield of 76.1%, the latter particularly being much higher than with a traditional heterogeneous ZIF-8 catalyst. This dual-porous structure rational design strategy can be versatile for other metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to increase the interfacial catalytic reaction sites between the metal-organic framework and the polymer, enhancing the PET depolymerization performance and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Han
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hui Jo
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji An
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Gicheon Lee
- Green Circulation R&D Department, Research Institute of Sustainable Development Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjan-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Chi
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chanmin Lee
- Green Circulation R&D Department, Research Institute of Sustainable Development Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjan-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Enache AC, Grecu I, Samoila P. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2991. [PMID: 38930360 PMCID: PMC11205646 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 million metric tons in 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% of the approximately 1 million PET bottles sold every minute end up in landfills or oceans, where they can persist for centuries. This highlights the urgent need for sustainable management and recycling solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of PET waste. To better understand PET's behavior and promote its management within a circular economy, we examined its chemical and physical properties, current strategies in the circular economy, and the most effective recycling methods available today. Advancing PET management within a circular economy framework by closing industrial loops has demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, and conserved raw resources. To this end, we identified and examined various strategies based on R-imperatives (ranging from 3R to 10R), focusing on the latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing PET waste by 2040. Additionally, a comparison of PET recycling methods (including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling, along with the concepts of "zero-order" and biological recycling techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention was paid to the heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out for its rapid reaction time (20-60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease of catalyst recovery and reuse, lower costs, and enhanced durability. Accordingly, the use of highly efficient oxide-based catalysts for PET glycolytic degradation is underscored as a promising solution for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petrisor Samoila
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-C.E.); (I.G.)
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3
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Manjunathan J, Pavithra K, Nangan S, Prakash S, Saxena KK, Sharma K, Muzammil K, Verma D, Gnanapragasam JR, Ramasubburayan R, Revathi M. Polyethylene terephthalate waste derived nanomaterials (WDNMs) and its utilization in electrochemical devices. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141541. [PMID: 38423149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are a vital component of our daily lives in the contemporary globalization period; they are present in all facets of modern life. Because the bulk of synthetic plastics utilized in the market are non-biodegradable by nature, the issues associated with their contamination are unavoidable in an era dominated by polymers. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is extensively used in industries such as automotive, packaging, textile, food, and beverages production represents a major share of these non-biodegradable polymer productions. Given its extensive application across various sectors, PET usage results in a considerable amount of post-consumer waste, majority of which require disposal after a certain period. However, the recycling of polymeric waste materials has emerged as a prominent topic in research, driven by growing environmental consciousness. Numerous studies indicate that products derived from polymeric waste can be converted into a new polymeric resource in diverse sectors, including organic coatings and regenerative medicine. This review aims to consolidate significant scientific literatures on the recycling PET waste for electrochemical device applications. It also highlights the current challenges in scaling up these processes for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manjunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai, 600117, India
| | - K Pavithra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Nangan
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarkhand, India; Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - S Prakash
- Department of Basic Sciences, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamilnadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kuldeep K Saxena
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- Centre for Research Impact and Outcomes, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarkhand, India
| | | | - R Ramasubburayan
- Centre for Marine Research and Conservation, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M Revathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai, 600 117, Tamilnadu, India.
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4
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Amundarain I, López-Montenegro S, Fulgencio-Medrano L, Leivar J, Iruskieta A, Asueta A, Miguel-Fernández R, Arnaiz S, Pereda-Ayo B. Improving the Sustainability of Catalytic Glycolysis of Complex PET Waste through Bio-Solvolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:142. [PMID: 38201807 PMCID: PMC10780431 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work addresses a novel bio-solvolysis process for the treatment of complex poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste using a biobased monoethylene glycol (BioMEG) as a depolymerization agent in order to achieve a more sustainable chemical recycling process. Five difficult-to-recycle PET waste streams, including multilayer trays, coloured bottles and postconsumer textiles, were selected for the study. After characterization and conditioning of the samples, an evaluation of the proposed bio-solvolysis process was carried out by monitoring the reaction over time to determine the degree of PET conversion (91.3-97.1%) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomer yield (71.5-76.3%). A monomer purification process, using activated carbon (AC), was also developed to remove the colour and to reduce the metal content of the solid. By applying this purification strategy, the whiteness (L*) of the BHET greatly increased from around 60 to over 95 (L* = 100 for pure white) and the Zn content was significantly reduced from around 200 to 2 mg/kg. The chemical structure of the purified monomers was analyzed via infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the composition of the samples was measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), proving a high purity of the monomers with a BHET content up to 99.5% in mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izotz Amundarain
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sheila López-Montenegro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain (B.P.-A.)
| | - Laura Fulgencio-Medrano
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Jon Leivar
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Ana Iruskieta
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Asier Asueta
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Rafael Miguel-Fernández
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sixto Arnaiz
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Beñat Pereda-Ayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain (B.P.-A.)
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5
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Enayati M, Mohammadi S, Bouldo MG. Sustainable PET Waste Recycling: Labels from PET Water Bottles Used as a Catalyst for the Chemical Recycling of the Same Bottles. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:16618-16626. [PMID: 38028403 PMCID: PMC10664144 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We report using a waste material, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) water bottle labels, for the chemical recycling of the same PET water bottles. The solid fillers used for the manufacturing of the packaging labels were recovered by thermolysis in an electrical furnace at 600, 800, and 1000 °C with 13.5, 12.0, and 10.4 wt % recovery. Characterization of the solid residue showed the presence of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, and titanium dioxide, which are typical fillers used for packaging film manufacturing, such as water bottle labels. These solid residues were then used as a catalyst for PET depolymerization by glycolysis, in which the catalyst recovered from bottle labels and shredded PET reacted in the presence of excess ethylene glycol at 200 °C. The reaction mixtures were analyzed for PET conversion and the yield of the bis(2-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET) monomer as the final product of the glycolysis reaction to determine the efficiency of the catalyst. Our results show that the catalyst prepared at 800 °C (Cat-800) has the best performance and provides a 100% PET conversion with a 95.8% BHET yield with a 1.0 wt % loading in 1.5 h. The catalyst from the PET water bottle labels is nontoxic, readily available, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and can be used as a model for the self-sufficient chemical recycling of PET via glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Enayati
- Center for Materials and
Manufacturing Sciences, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Troy University, Troy, Alabama 36082, United States
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi
- Center for Materials and
Manufacturing Sciences, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Troy University, Troy, Alabama 36082, United States
| | - Martin G. Bouldo
- Center for Materials and
Manufacturing Sciences, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Troy University, Troy, Alabama 36082, United States
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6
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Lin Y, Yang D, Meng C, Si C, Zhang Q, Zeng G, Jiang W. Oxygen Vacancy Promoted Generation of Monatomic Oxygen Anion over Ni 2+ -Doped MgO for Efficient Glycolysis of Waste PET. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300154. [PMID: 36862090 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and eco-friendly catalysts for selective degradation of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is critical to the circular economy of plastics. Herein, we report the first monatomic oxygen anion (O- )-rich MgO-Ni catalyst based on a combined theoretical and experimental approach, which achieves a bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate yield of 93.7 % with no heavy metal residues detected. DFT calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance characterization indicate that Ni2+ doping not only reduces the formation energy of oxygen vacancies, but also enhances local electron density to facilitate the conversion of adsorbed oxygen into O- . O- plays a crucial role in the deprotonation of ethylene glycol (EG) to EG- (exothermic by -0.6 eV with an activation barrier of 0.4 eV), which is proved effective to break the PET chain via nucleophilic attack on carbonyl carbon. This work reveals the potential of alkaline earth metal-based catalysts in efficient PET glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deshuai Yang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Si
- Department of Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Quanxing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guixiang Zeng
- Kuang Yaming Honors School & Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Shirazimoghaddam S, Amin I, Faria Albanese JA, Shiju NR. Chemical Recycling of Used PET by Glycolysis Using Niobia-Based Catalysts. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2023; 3:37-44. [PMID: 36820227 PMCID: PMC9936547 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastic production has steadily increased worldwide at a staggering pace. The polymer industry is, unfortunately, C-intensive, and accumulation of plastics in the environment has become a major issue. Plastic waste valorization into fresh monomers for production of virgin plastics can reduce both the consumption of fossil feedstocks and the environmental pollution, making the plastic economy more sustainable. Recently, the chemical recycling of plastics has been studied as an innovative solution to achieve a fully sustainable cycle. In this way, plastics are depolymerized to their monomers or/and oligomers appropriate for repolymerization, closing the loop. In this work, PET was depolymerized to its bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) monomer via glycolysis, using ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of niobia-based catalysts. Using a sulfated niobia catalyst treated at 573 K, we obtained 100% conversion of PET and 85% yield toward BHET at 195 °C in 220 min. This approach allows recycling of the PET at reasonable conditions using an inexpensive and nontoxic material as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Shirazimoghaddam
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GDAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GDAmsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy A Faria Albanese
- Catalytic
Processes and Materials Group, Faculty of Science and Technology,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AEAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GDAmsterdam, The Netherlands,
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8
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Zhou Z, Xuzhen Z, Wenjian H, Xiuhua W. Preparation and property analysis of chemically regenerated polyethylene terephthalate with improved chromaticity. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Wang T, Shen C, Yu G, Chen X. The upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate using protic ionic liquids as catalyst. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Bottle-to-Bottle Recycling for the Beverage Industry: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122366. [PMID: 35745942 PMCID: PMC9231234 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Disposal of plastic waste has become a widely discussed issue, due to the potential environmental impact of improper waste disposal. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging accounted for 44.7% of single-serve beverage packaging in the US in 2021, and 12% of global solid waste. A strategic solution is needed to manage plastic packaging solid waste. Major beverage manufacturers have pledged to reduce their environmental footprint by taking steps towards a sustainable future. The PET bottle has several properties that make it an environmentally friendly choice. The PET bottle has good barrier properties as its single-layer, mono-material composition allows it to be more easily recycled. Compared to glass, the PET bottle is lightweight and has a lower carbon footprint in production and transportation. With modern advancements to decontamination processes in the recycling of post-consumer recycled PET (rPET or PCR), it has become a safe material for reuse as beverage packaging. It has been 30 years since the FDA first began certifying PCR PET production processes as compliant for production of food contact PCR PET, for application within the United States. This article provides an overview of PET bottle-to-bottle recycling and guidance for beverage manufacturers looking to advance goals for sustainability.
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Kim Y, Kim M, Hwang J, Im E, Moon GD. Optimizing PET Glycolysis with an Oyster Shell-Derived Catalyst Using Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040656. [PMID: 35215568 PMCID: PMC8877978 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste was depolymerized into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) through glycolysis with the aid of oyster shell-derived catalysts. The equilibrium yield of BHET was as high as 68.6% under the reaction conditions of mass ratios (EG to PET = 5, catalyst to PET = 0.01) at 195 °C for 1 h. Although biomass-derived Ca-based catalysts were used for PET glycolysis to obtain BHET monomers, no statistical analysis was performed to optimize the reaction conditions. Thus, in this study, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the optimal conditions for glycolysis by analyzing the independent and interactive effects of the factors, respectively. Three independent factors of interest include reaction time, temperature, and mass ratio of catalyst to PET under a fixed amount of ethylene glycol (mass ratio of EG to PET = 5) due to the saturation of the yield above the mass ratio. The quadratic regression equation was calculated for predicting the yield of BHET, which was in good agreement with the experimental data (R2 = 0.989). The contour and response surface plots showed the interaction effect between three variables and the BHET yield with the maximum average yield of monomer (64.98%) under reaction conditions of 1 wt% of mass ratio (catalyst to PET), 195 °C, and 45 min. Both the experimental results and the analyses of the response surfaces revealed that the interaction effects of reaction temperature vs. time and temperature vs. mass ratio of the catalyst to the PET were more prominent in comparison to reaction time vs. mass ratio of the catalyst to the PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials R&D Center, Dae-Il Corporation (DIC), Ulsan 44914, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Jeongwook Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials R&D Center, Dae-Il Corporation (DIC), Ulsan 44914, Korea; (Y.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Eunmi Im
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Busan 46938, Korea;
| | - Geon Dae Moon
- Dongnam Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Busan 46938, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jeya G, Dhanalakshmi R, Anbarasu M, Vinitha V, Sivamurugan V. A short review on latest developments in catalytic depolymerization of Poly (ethylene terephathalate) wastes. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Thiyagarajan S, Maaskant-Reilink E, Ewing TA, Julsing MK, van Haveren J. Back-to-monomer recycling of polycondensation polymers: opportunities for chemicals and enzymes. RSC Adv 2021; 12:947-970. [PMID: 35425100 PMCID: PMC8978869 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08217e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plastics in a wide range of applications has grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in enormous growth in production volumes to meet demand. Though a wide range of biomass-derived chemicals and materials are available on the market, the production volumes of such renewable alternatives are currently not sufficient to replace their fossil-based analogues due to various factors, in particular cost-effectiveness. Hence, the majority of plastics are still industrially produced from fossil-based feedstocks. Moreover, various reports have clearly raised concern about the plastics that are not recycled at their end-of-life and instead end up in landfills or the oceans. To avoid further pollution of our planet, it is highly desirable to develop recycling processes that use plastic waste as feedstock. Chemical recycling processes could potentially offer a solution, since they afford monomers from which new polymers can be produced, with the same performance as virgin plastics. In this manuscript, the opportunities for using either chemical or biochemical (i.e., enzymatic) approaches in the depolymerization of polycondensation polymers for recycling purposes are reviewed. Our aim is to highlight the strategies that have been developed so far to break down plastic waste into monomers, providing the first step in the development of chemical recycling processes for plastic waste, and to create a renewed awareness of the need to valorize plastic waste by efficiently transforming it into virgin plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom A Ewing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Haveren
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
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14
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Wang T, Shen C, Yu G, Chen X. Metal ions immobilized on polymer ionic liquid as novel efficient and facile recycled catalyst for glycolysis of PET. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Xin J, Zhang Q, Huang J, Huang R, Jaffery QZ, Yan D, Zhou Q, Xu J, Lu X. Progress in the catalytic glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113267. [PMID: 34271351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the development history of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the recycling of PET. As one of the most promising way to degrade PET into oligomers and monomers that can be used for the production of high-quality PET, catalytic glycolysis is highlighted in this review. The developments on metal salt, metal oxide and ionic solvent catalysts for glycolysis of PET are systematically summarized, besides, the proposed catalytic mechanisms of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are presented. The metallic catalysts show high catalytic performance but causing serious environmental pollution and high waste treatment costs, thereby it is proposed that metal-free catalysts, especially ILs and DESs can be the "greener" alternatives to address the PET waste problem. Additionally, the studies related to the glycolysis kinetics are discussed in this review, showing the results that PET glycolysis process consists of heterogeneous and homogeneous depolymerization, and different models should be used to investigate different depolymerization stages in order to obtain a more realistic picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Quratulain Zahra Jaffery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongxia Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junli Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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Najafi-Shoa S, Barikani M, Ehsani M, Ghaffari M. Cobalt-based ionic liquid grafted on graphene as a heterogeneous catalyst for poly (ethylene terephthalate) glycolysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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A pseudo-homogeneous system for PET glycolysis using a colloidal catalyst of graphite carbon nitride in ethylene glycol. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Wang T, Gong X, Shen C, Yu G, Chen X. Formation of Bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate from waste plastic using ionic liquid as catalyst. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate: Magnetic nanoparticle CoFe2O4 catalyst modified using ionic liquid as surfactant. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Improving the Efficiency for the Production of Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephtalate (BHET) from the Glycolysis Reaction of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) (PET) in a Pressure Reactor. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091461. [PMID: 33946538 PMCID: PMC8125405 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The depolymerization process of PET by glycolysis into BHET monomer is optimized in terms of reaction temperature and time, by carrying out the process under pressure to be faster for reducing the energy required. Almost pure BHET has been obtained by working in a pressure reactor at 3 bar both at 220 and 180 °C after short reaction times, while for longer ones a mixture of oligomers and dimers is obtained. Depending on the potential application required, the obtention of different reaction products is controlled by adjusting reaction temperature and time. The use of a pressure reactor allows work at lower temperatures and shorter reaction times, obtaining almost pure BHET. To the best of our knowledge, except for microwave-assisted procedures, it is the first time in which pure BHET is obtained after such short reaction times, at lower temperatures than those usually employed.
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21
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Kosloski-Oh SC, Wood ZA, Manjarrez Y, de Los Rios JP, Fieser ME. Catalytic methods for chemical recycling or upcycling of commercial polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1084-1129. [PMID: 34821907 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01286f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymers (plastics) have transformed our lives by providing access to inexpensive and versatile materials with a variety of useful properties. While polymers have improved our lives in many ways, their longevity has created some unintended consequences. The extreme stability and durability of most commercial polymers, combined with the lack of equivalent degradable alternatives and ineffective collection and recycling policies, have led to an accumulation of polymers in landfills and oceans. This problem is reaching a critical threat to the environment, creating a demand for immediate action. Chemical recycling and upcycling involve the conversion of polymer materials into their original monomers, fuels or chemical precursors for value-added products. These approaches are the most promising for value-recovery of post-consumer polymer products; however, they are often cost-prohibitive in comparison to current recycling and disposal methods. Catalysts can be used to accelerate and improve product selectivity for chemical recycling and upcycling of polymers. This review aims to not only highlight and describe the tremendous efforts towards the development of improved catalysts for well-known chemical recycling processes, but also identify new promising methods for catalytic recycling or upcycling of the most abundant commercial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C Kosloski-Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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22
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Liguori F, Moreno-Marrodán C, Barbaro P. Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:589-621. [PMID: 33747233 PMCID: PMC7940818 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalysed depolymerisation of plastics to reusable building blocks, including monomers, oligomers or added-value chemicals, is an attractive tool for the recycling and valorisation of these materials. The present manuscript shortly reviews the most significant contributions that appeared in the field within the period January 2010–January 2020 describing selective depolymerisation methods of plastics. Achievements are broken down according to the plastic material, namely polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides. The focus is on recent advancements targeting sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. Biocatalytic or unselective processes, acid–base treatments as well as the production of fuels are not discussed, nor are the methods for the further upgrade of the depolymerisation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liguori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carmen Moreno-Marrodán
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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23
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Jeong JM, Jin SB, Son SG, Suh H, Moon JM, Choi BG. Fast and facile synthesis of two-dimensional Fe III nanosheets based on fluid-shear exfoliation for highly catalytic glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
2D FeIII nanosheets are synthesized by a fluid dynamics–assisted exfoliation and oxidation method for highly-catalyzed glycolysis reaction of PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Jeong
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Se Bin Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kangwon National University
- Samcheok 25913
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Gyu Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kangwon National University
- Samcheok 25913
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Suh
- Advanced Analysis Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Nanoengineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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24
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25
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Qian J, Xing X, Wang X. Regenerated cationic dyeable polyester deriving from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Van-Pham DT, Le QH, Lam TN, Nguyen CN, Sakai W. Four-factor optimization for PET glycolysis with consideration of the effect of sodium bicarbonate catalyst using response surface methodology. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Shojaei B, Abtahi M, Najafi M. Chemical recycling of
PET
: A stepping‐stone toward sustainability. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Shojaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abtahi
- Centre for Infrastructure Engineering Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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28
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Rodrigues Fernandes J, Pereira Amaro L, Curti Muniz E, Favaro SL, Radovanovic E. PET depolimerization in supercritical ethanol conditions catalysed by nanoparticles of metal oxides. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Qian J, Xing X, Wang X. Synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on glycolysis of waste PET fiber. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1709498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Hu
- National Engineering Lab for Textiles Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Engineering Lab for Textiles Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuzhen Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Textiles Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Ningbo Dafa Chemical Fiber Co, Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiquan Xing
- Ningbo Dafa Chemical Fiber Co, Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- National Engineering Lab for Textiles Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Polymerization of ε-caprolactone with degraded PET for its functionalization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Raheem AB, Noor ZZ, Hassan A, Abd Hamid MK, Samsudin SA, Sabeen AH. Current developments in chemical recycling of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate wastes for new materials production: A review. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2019; 225:1052-1064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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32
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Wang G, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Wang R, Liang Q, Zhou G. New bio-based copolyesters poly(trimethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate-co-trimethylene terephthalate): Synthesis, crystallization behavior, thermal and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Lima GR, Monteiro WF, Scheid CM, Ligabue RA, Santana RMC. Evaluation of Sodium/Protonated Titanate Nanotubes Catalysts in Virgin and Post Consumer PET Depolymerization. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Lima GR, Monteiro WF, Toledo BO, Ligabue RA, Santana RMC. Titanate Nanotubes Modified With Zinc and Its Application in Post-Consumer PET Depolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R. Lima
- Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul − UFRGS; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Wesley F. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Organometálicos e Resinas; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul − PUCRS; Av. Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Bruno O. Toledo
- Laboratório de Organometálicos e Resinas; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul − PUCRS; Av. Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Rosane A. Ligabue
- Laboratório de Organometálicos e Resinas; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul − PUCRS; Av. Ipiranga 6681 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
| | - Ruth M. C. Santana
- Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul − UFRGS; Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 Porto Alegre RS Brasil
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35
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Liu B, Lu X, Ju Z, Sun P, Xin J, Yao X, Zhou Q, Zhang S. Ultrafast Homogeneous Glycolysis of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate via a Dissolution-Degradation Strategy. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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36
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Fang P, Liu B, Xu J, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Ma J, lu X. High-efficiency glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by sandwich-structure polyoxometalate catalyst with two active sites. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Electrochemistry Investigation of the Monolacunary and Their Transition Metal Substituent Keggin-Type Polyoxometalates. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-016-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Hou D, Xin J, Lu X, Guo X, Dong H, Ren B, Zhang S. Conversion of bis(2-hydroxyethylene terephthalate) into 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol by selective hydrogenation using RuPtSn/Al2O3. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot conversion of bis(2-hydroxyethylene terephthalate) derived from waste PET into 1,4-cyclohexanedimethano with high yield was achieved by trimetallic RuPtSn/Al2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
| | - Huixian Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Baozeng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering
- Institute of Process Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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