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Cheng C, Lu Y, Ma W, Li S, Yan J, Du S. Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20391-20402. [PMID: 35479930 PMCID: PMC9034026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine/melamine composite microencapsulated red phosphorus (RP@PDA/MA) was prepared and applied as the flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP) in this work. For comparison, polydopamine (PDA) coated red phosphorus (RP@PDA) was also prepared. The microstructure, chemical composition and thermal decomposition of the as prepared samples were systematically characterized. The results showed that PDA and PDA/MA shell structures were fabricated successfully via convenient water-based processes at room temperature. The flame retardance of red phosphorus (RP), RP@PDA, and RP@PDA/MA on EP was evaluated. The results showed that EP blending with 7 wt% RP@PDA/MA passed V-0 degree in the vertical burning test (UL-94), reached a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9% and decreased the peak heat release rate of EP by 65.1% in the cone calorimeter test. The satisfactory flame retardance can be attributed to the intumescent flame retardant system consisting of RP@PDA/MA. The PDA and PDA/MA shell structures also improved the compatibility between RP and EP, thus RP@PDA and RP@PDA/MA had less significant impact on the tensile-strain properties of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Lu
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Weining Ma
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Du
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
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2
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Recent Progress in Two-dimensional Nanomaterials Following Graphene for Improving Fire Safety of Polymer (Nano)composites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Ren X, Zou B, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Qiu S, Song L. Construction of few-layered black phosphorus/graphite-like carbon nitride binary hybrid nanostructure for reducing the fire hazards of epoxy resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:692-707. [PMID: 33198980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) and graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were combined to prepare BP-CN hybrid nanostructure through a simple self-assembly method assisted by ultra-sonication, and as-obtained materials were further used as fire retardants introduced into epoxy resin to fabricate EP/BP-CNx nanocomposites. It was found that the introduction of 2 wt% BP-CNx into EP contributed to considerable decrements in peak heat release rate (up to 47.72%) and total heat release (utmost to 49.60%) of composites, and LOI value increased from 25% to 31%. SSTF results revealed that the introducing of BP-CN can distinctly reduce the production of smoke. TG-IR results demonstrated that the addition of BP-CN0.5 and BP-CN2.0 into EP matrix exert different influences on the decomposition of resin. Analyses of residual chars further validated through adjusting the proportion of BP and CN can achieve different fire performances of matrix. This work illustrates that BP can reduce the fire hazards of EP, and the hybridization of CN can achieve better flame retarded efficiency, which provides a new strategy for black phosphorus to be used as a flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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4
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Cai W, Li Z, Mu X, He L, Zhou X, Guo W, Song L, Hu Y. Barrier function of graphene for suppressing the smoke toxicity of polymer/black phosphorous nanocomposites with mechanism change. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124106. [PMID: 33053472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets as an emerging nanomaterial have presented significant fire safety improvement in polymer nanocomposites. However, as elemental phosphorus, fire safety improvement effect of BP nanosheets on polymer composites builds on the conversion of gaseous pyrolysis products into smoke particles, which inevitably promotes the formation and release of smoke particles. From the perspective of overall fire safety improvement, it is vital to simultaneously suppress the heat release and smoke production of polymer/BP composites. Herein, melamine-mediated graphene/black phosphorous nanohybrids (GNS/MA/BP) were fabricated through electrostatic-driving self-assembly process and introduced into polyether thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). During combustion, the barrier function provided by thermally stable layered structure of graphene (GNS) enables more pyrolysis products of BP nanosheets to be kept within condensed phase and react with polymer matrix. Compared to pure TPU, the incorporated hierarchical nanostructure (GNS/MA/BP-2) decreases PHRR, THR, and total CO2 release of TPU composite by 54.7%, 23.5%, and 32.5%, respectively. Beside, in contrast to TPU-BP composite, the release rate of toxic smoke and CO gas of TPU-GNS/MA/BP-2 composite are reduced by 46.7% and 49.4%. With barrier function of graphene, the heat and smoke release behavior of polymer/BP nanocomposites is effectively suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lingxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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5
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Baby A, Tretsiakova-McNally S, Arun M, Joseph P, Zhang J. Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3779. [PMID: 32825185 PMCID: PMC7504409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloshy Baby
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Malavika Arun
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
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6
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Ji W, Yao Y, Guo J, Fei B, Gu X, Li H, Sun J, Zhang S. Toward an understanding of how red phosphorus and expandable graphite enhance the fire resistance of expandable polystyrene foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof MaterialsBeijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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7
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Lu FL, Shen MX, Xue YJ, Zeng SH, Chen SN, Hao LY, Yang L. Application of calcium montmorillonite on flame resistance, thermal stability and interfacial adhesion in polystyrene nanocomposites. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTo exploit the application of calcium montmorillonite (CaMt) and improve the flame resistance of polystyrene (PS), two kinds of long carbon chain quaternary ammonium bromides with different spatial effect (i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB)) were used to intercalate CaMt for yielding corresponding organic calcium montmorillonite (CaOMt). The PS nanocomposites containing CaOMt (PS/CaOMt) were prepared by melt blending method. The effects of CaOMt on flame resistance, thermal stability, tensile properties and interfacial adhesion of PS/CaOMt were investigated. The results showed that both CTAB and DDAB were intercalated into CaMt to get CaOMt with an exfoliated/intercalated structure, which could endue good interfacial adhesion and thermal stability for PS/CaOMt. All peak values of flame resistance parameters of PS/CaOMt decreased and corresponding combustion times were postponed obviously. Moreover, Young’s modulus of DDAB-intercalated PS/CaOMt was improved by 49.1% while its tensile strength kept at the same level as PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Lu
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
| | - Ming-Xia Shen
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
| | - Yi-Jiao Xue
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
| | - Shao-Hua Zeng
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
| | - Shang-Neng Chen
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
| | - Ling-Yun Hao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing211169, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing211100, China
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8
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Jiang D, Yu Q, Huang C, Chen S, Wu Y, Lin J, Chen J, Zhu P. Preparation of mesoporous spherical magnesium hydroxide particles via the static self-assembled method. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Geng Z, Yang S, Zhang L, Huang Z, Pan Q, Li J, Weng J, Bao J, You Z, He Y, Zhu B. Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2554. [PMID: 30558309 PMCID: PMC6315867 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Yang
- SAMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shangfei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201324, China.
| | - Lianwang Zhang
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jidi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianan Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianwen Bao
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Liu ZQ, Li Z, Yang YX, Zhang YL, Wen X, Li N, Fu C, Jian RK, Li LJ, Wang DY. A Geometry Effect of Carbon Nanomaterials on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1028. [PMID: 30960953 PMCID: PMC6403697 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of carbon nanomaterials with different geometries on improving the flame retardancy of magnesium hydroxide⁻filled ethylene-vinyl acetate (EM). The thermal stability and flame retardancy were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The in situ temperature monitoring system and interrupted combustion offered direct evidence to link flame retardancy and composite structure. Results demonstrated that carbon nanomaterials enhanced the thermal stability and fire safety of EM. The geometry of carbon nanomaterials played a key role in synergistic flame retardancy of EM, with the flame-retardant order of carbon nanotube > nanoscale carbon black > graphene. Based on an online temperature monitoring system and interrupted combustion test, one-dimensional carbon nanotube was more inclined to form the network structure synergistically with magnesium hydroxide in ethylene-vinyl acetate, which facilitated the generation of more continuous char structure during combustion. In parallel, the mechanical property was characterized by a tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The incorporation of carbon nanomaterials presented a limited effect on the mechanical properties of the EM system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, China.
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
| | - Zhi Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Yun-Xian Yang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, China.
| | - Xin Wen
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
- Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Can Fu
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
- Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining 810008, China.
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Spain.
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Zhu ZM, Rao WH, Kang AH, Liao W, Wang YZ. Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Pilarska AA, Klapiszewski Ł, Jesionowski T. Recent development in the synthesis, modification and application of Mg(OH)2 and MgO: A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Dong J, Li B, Bao Q. In situ reactive zone with modified Mg(OH) 2 for remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater: Immobilization and interaction of Cr(III), Pb(II) and Cd(II). JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2017; 199:50-57. [PMID: 28342548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mg(OH)2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, the application of Mg(OH)2 on in situ reactive zone (IRZ) for heavy metal polluted groundwater has never been investigated. In this study, the behaviors of heavy metals in a Mg(OH)2 IRZ were monitored for 45d. The heavy metals show a sequential precipitation by modified Mg(OH)2 due to the difference of Ksp. Column tests were conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Mg(OH)2 IRZ and evaluate the stabilization effect for multi-heavy metal polluted groundwater. Experimental results indicate that there exist interactions between different heavy metals, and their zoning distribution is attributed either to the competitive adsorption onto porous media (control column) or to the sequential precipitation of heavy metal ions (IRZ column). In contrast with the control column, heavy metal contaminated area in Mg(OH)2 IRZ significantly shrinks. According to the chemical speciation analysis, when water containing Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) flows through Mg(OH)2 IRZ, exchangeable fraction of total concentration significantly reduce and the proportion of carbonate and Fe/Mn oxides fraction increase, indicating the decrease of their mobility and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Qiburi Bao
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Gao J, Zhang Z, Xiao S, Xie HH, Sun ZB, Wang JH, Zhou CH, Wang YW, Guo XY, Chu PK, Yu XF. Black Phosphorus Based Photocathodes in Wideband Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8937-8944. [PMID: 27561078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) serve as the near-infrared light absorber and charge transfer layer in the photocathode of a bifacial n-type dye sensitized solar cell. Wideband light absorption and ≈20% enhancement in the light-to-electron efficiency are accomplished due to the fast carrier transfer and complementary light absorption by the BPQDs demonstrating that BP has large potential in photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Si Xiao
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Han Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bo Sun
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Wang
- Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
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15
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Synergistic effect of an aromatic boronic acid derivative and magnesium hydroxide on the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Thermal conduction and fire property of glass fiber-reinforced high impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide/microencapsulated red phosphorus composite. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Xinhao G, Yucai S, Tingwei W. Improved ceramifiable properties of EVA composites with whitened and capsulized red phosphorus (WCRP). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation between SGFs and phosphates promotes formation of cristobalite at high temperature, which leads to improvements in ceramifiable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Xinhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Shen Yucai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Wang Tingwei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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