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Skórczewska K, Wilczewski S, Lewandowski K. Multiscale Carbon Fibre-Carbon Nanotube Composites of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-An Evaluation of Their Properties and Structure. Molecules 2024; 29:1479. [PMID: 38611759 PMCID: PMC11013313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been limited information in the literature on the application of carbon fibre-carbon nanotube systems for the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrixes by micro- and nanometric fillers and an evaluation of the properties of the unique materials produced. This paper presents the results of newly designed unique multiscale composites. The advantages of the simultaneous use of carbon fibres (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in PVC modification are discussed. To increase the dispersibility of the nanofiller, CFs together with nanotubes were subjected to a sonication process. The resulting material was introduced into PVC blends, which were processed by extrusion. The ratio of components in the hybrid filler with CF_CNT was 20:1, and its proportion in the PVC matrix was 1, 5, and 10 wt.%, respectively. Comparatively, PVC composites modified only with carbon fibres were obtained. The structure, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties and swelling resistance of the composites were studied. The study showed a favourable homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the PVC matrix. This enabled effective modification of the structure at the nanometric level and the formation of an interpenetrating network of well-dispersed hybrid filler, as evidenced by a decrease in volume resistivity and improvement in swelling resistance, as well as an increase in glass transition temperature in the case of PVC/CF_CNT composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.W.); (K.L.)
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Chen Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Chen T, Qiu R, Liu W. Flame-Retardant and Recyclable Soybean Oil-Based Thermosets Enabled by the Dynamic Phosphate Ester and Tannic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5963-5973. [PMID: 36650640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The demands of safety and sustainability have driven the development of intrinsic flame-retardant biobased polymers from renewable materials. Herein, a mechanically robust, good flame-retardant, and recyclable thermoset was developed from renewable epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) by using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (HEMAP) as the reactive flame retardant and tannic acid (TA) as the charring agent. The flame resistance of the obtained ESO-based thermoset achieved the highest UL-94 of V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index value of 26.7% due to the synergistic flame-retardant effect of phosphate and TA. The flame-retardant mechanisms of the gaseous phase and condensed phase were fully investigated by thermogravimetric infrared, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is confirmed that the incorporation of phosphate and TA could effectively promote the formation of dense carbon layers and delay the pyrolysis of long aliphatic chains. The ternary crosslinking of ESO, HEMAP, and TA via free-radical polymerization and epoxy-ring opening reaction resulted in a rigid network with a high crosslink density, bestowing the thermoset with superior tensile strength (20.0 MPa), flexural strength (36.3 MPa), and bonding strength (16.7 MPa on steel). Moreover, the ESO-based thermoset exhibited a fast stress relaxation behavior due to the transesterification of dynamic β-hydroxyl phosphate esters, which enables the network with thermal-healing ability and recyclability. This study explores a feasible method to prepare an intrinsic flame-retardant polymer from commercially available and renewable vegetable oils and natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Liu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
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Liu D, Shen Y, Jiang P, Thin Wai P, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Agus H, Nie Z, Zhao M, Zhao H. An efficient cold-resistant strategy: Synthesis and application of green cold-resistant bio-based plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride). Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pan Y, Yuan Y, Wang D, Yang R. An Overview of the Flame Retardants for Poly(vinyl chloride): Recent States and Perspective
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye‐Tang Pan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yongshuai Yuan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - De‐Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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Liu D, Shen Y, Wai PT, Agus H, Zhang P, Jiang P, Nie Z, Jiang G, Zhao H, Zhao M. An efficient plasticizer based on waste cooking oil: Structure and application. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Yirui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo China
| | - Phyu Thin Wai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Haryono Agus
- Research Center for Chemistry Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Indonesia
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Zhixin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Research Center for Engineering Technology Jiangsu Baichuan High‐tech New Materials Co., Ltd Nantong China
| | - Huihang Zhao
- Department for Engineering Technology Hebei Jingu Renewable Resources Development Co., Ltd Shijiazhuang China
| | - Minzhong Zhao
- Department for Engineering Technology Hebei Jingu Renewable Resources Development Co., Ltd Shijiazhuang China
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Yu H, Xu X, Xia Y, Pan M, Zarshad N, Pang B, Rahman AU, Wu M, Ni H. Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAccording to the concept of fire life cycle assessment (LCA), a new type of intumescent flame retardant was designed and synthesized by chemically bonding chitosan, phosphorus pentoxide and melamine. The resultant compound, chitosan ethoxyl melamine phosphate (CEMP), was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, XRD and SEM. The performance of CEMP and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was evaluated in the substrate of epoxy resin (EP) with limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetric test (CCT), TGA and TG-IR. As a result, intumescent flame retardant EP (EP3) containing 30.6% LOI and V-0 rating was prepared by adding 3 wt% OMMT and 15 wt% CEMP. The CCT results indicated that CEMP and OMMT reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) to about one fourth that of pure EP and total heat release (THR), 1/2. Decomposition of EP and EP3 was traced from 100 to 600°C by TG-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiuhang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Mingzhen Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Nighat Zarshad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Anis Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Henmei Ni
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Lim JY, Lee JH, Park MS, Kim JH, Kim JH. Hybrid membranes based on ionic-liquid-functionalized poly(vinyl benzene chloride) beads for CO2 capture. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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The Effects of Epoxidized Acrylated Castor Oil (EACO) on Soft Poly (vinyl chloride) Films as a Main Plasticizer. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, an environmentally friendly type plasticizer was introduced. The synthesis consisted of two steps. In the first step, castor oil (CO) was acrylated and then the acrylated castor oil (ACO) was epoxidized with the presence of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the second step. The epoxidized acrylated castor oil (EACO) was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR techniques. The EACO was used as a main plasticizer to obtain plasticized PVC materials and compared with DOP. The results showed that EACO improved polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) plasticization performance and reduced Tg from 81.06°C to 1.40°C. Plasticized PVC materials with EACO showed similar mechanical properties and better thermal stability than DOP. EACO had better volatility stabilities, migration and solvent extraction in PVC than DOP. EACO can be used to replace DOP to prepare soft films.
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Tong H, Hai J. Sustainable synthesis of bio-based hyperbranched ester and its application for preparing soft polyvinyl chloride materials. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Tong
- College of Chemical Engineering; Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology; Maoming PR China
| | - Jinping Hai
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering; Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology; Maoming PR China
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Jia P, Xia H, Tang K, Zhou Y. Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1303. [PMID: 30961228 PMCID: PMC6401779 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-based chemicals have been paid more attention. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers derived from biomass resources (vegetable oil, cardanol, vegetable fatty acid, glycerol and citric acid) have been widely studied to replace petroleum-based o-phthalate plasticizers. These bio-based plasticizers mainly include epoxidized plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, macromolecular plasticizer, flame retardant plasticizer, citric acid ester plasticizer, glyceryl ester plasticizer and internal plasticizer. Bio-based plasticizers with the advantages of renewability, degradability, hypotoxicity, excellent solvent resistant extraction and plasticizing performances make them potential to replace o-phthalate plasticizers partially or totally. In this review, we classify different types of bio-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure and function, and highlight recent advances in multifunctional applications of bio-based plasticizers in PVC products. This study will increase the interest of researchers in bio-based plasticizers and the development of new ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Haoyu Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Kehan Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Pu Zhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF); Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing 210042, China.
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11
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Chen J, Liu Z, Wang K, Huang J, Li K, Nie X, Jiang J. Epoxidized castor oil‐based diglycidyl‐phthalate plasticizer: Synthesis and thermal stabilizing effects on poly(vinyl chloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Zengshe Liu
- USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Bio‐Oils Research Unit, 1815 N University St Peoria Illinois 61604
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Jinrui Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Xiaoan Nie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry ProductsChinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China
- Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
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12
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13
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A novel DOPO-g-KH550 modification wood fibers and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) graft γ-amino propyl triethoxy silane (KH550) was synthesized and introduced on the surface of wood fiber. Finally DOPO-g-KH550 treated wood fiber (DKTWF) was used to prepare DKTWF composite phenolic foams (DKTWFCPF). The structures of DOPO-g- KH550 was acknowledged by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The structures of DKTWF were confirmed by FT-IR. Compared with wood fiber, the diffraction peaks’ position was basically unchanged, but the crystallinity was slightly increased and thermal stability were dramatically improved, T5% and Tmax increased by 21.9o and 36.1o respectively. But the char yield (800o) was slightly reduced. With the dosage of DKWF, there were different degrees of improvement including the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and microstructure of DKTWFCPF. Comprehensive analysis, the interfacial compatibility was significantly improved between DKTWF and phenolic resin, and the suitable content of DKTWF was 4%.
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Jia P, Zhang M, Hu L, Song F, Feng G, Zhou Y. A Strategy for Nonmigrating Plasticized PVC Modified with Mannich base of Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1589. [PMID: 29371631 PMCID: PMC5785545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The waste cooking oil (WCO) production from the catering industry and food processing industry causes serious environmental, economic and social problems. However, WCO can be used for the preparation of fine chemicals such as internal plasticizer. With this aim, this work is focused on preparing internal plasticizer by using WCO and determining technical viability of non-migration poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. The mannich base of waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) was synthesized from WCO via esterification, interesterification and mannich reaction, which was used to produce self-plasticization PVC materials as an internal plasticizer. The results showed that the PVC was plasticized effectively. Self-plasticization PVC films showed no migration in n-hexane, but 15.7% of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) leached from DOP/PVC(50/50) system into n-hexane. These findings transformed the traditional plastic processing technology and obtained cleaner production of no migration plasticizer from WCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Fei Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Feng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, No. 16 Suojin North Road, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.
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Chen J, Nie X, Jiang J. Synthesis and application of a novel cardanol-based plasticizer as secondary or main plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride). POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoan Nie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Institute of New Technology of Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Institute of New Technology of Forestry; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing China
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Chen Y, Li L, Qian L. The pyrolysis behaviors of phosphorus-containing organosilicon compound modified ammonium polyphosphate with different phosphorus-containing groups, and their different flame-retardant mechanisms in polyurethane foam. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27470-27480. [PMID: 35539965 PMCID: PMC9083884 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two phosphorus-containing organosilicon compounds (PCOCs) with similar structure but different phosphorus-containing groups (phenyl phosphate group, PCOC1; phenylphosphoryl group, PCOC2) were synthesized. They were used to modify ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and the products obtained were coded as MAPP1 and MAPP2. Then MAPP1 and MAPP2 were respectively incorporated into low-density rigid polyurethane foam (LD-RPUF). The pyrolysis behavior of these two kinds of MAPP was investigated. Results showed that PCOC2, with the phenylphosphoryl group, induced the decomposition of APP, leading to early and rapid decomposition of MAPP2 with the release of NH3 in a short time and the formation of crosslinked structure quickly. Simultaneously, the phosphorus of MAPP2 was all retained in the condensed phase. In contrast, PCOC1, with the phenyl phosphate group, also induced the decomposition of APP. However, not all the phosphorus-containing groups of MAPP1 were retained in the condensed phase; some of the phosphorus was released into the gas phase in the form of PO2· and PO· free radicals. Evaluation of the flame-retardant effect by means of the cone calorimeter test demonstrated that MAPP2 had better flame-retardant properties in the LD-RPUF system, including the reduction of peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release. Moreover, the char yield of LD-RPUF/MAPP2 was more than that of LD-RPUF/MAPP1. Macro and micro photographs showed that MAPP2 can promote the LD-RPUF matrix to form an intumescent char layer with more complete and stable foam during the combustion process compared with MAPP1. Finally, a possible flame-retardant mechanism of MAPP1 and MAPP2 in LD-RPUF is proposed. The centralized release of nonflammable gas and quick formation of crosslinked structure increase the flame retardant properties of polyurethane foams.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Linshan Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- PR China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers
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17
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Jia P, Hu L, Zhang M, Feng G, Zhou Y. Phosphorus containing castor oil based derivatives: Potential non-migratory flame retardant plasticizer. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Jia P, Hu L, Feng G, Bo C, Zhou J, Zhang M, Zhou Y. Design and synthesis of a castor oil based plasticizer containing THEIC and diethyl phosphate groups for the preparation of flame-retardant PVC materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine chemical product based on a castor oil containing THEIC and diethyl phosphate groups (THEIC–MR-phosphate) was designed and synthesized, which was used as a flame retardant plasticizer for preparing PVC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Guodong Feng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Caiying Bo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
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19
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Jia P, Hu L, Yang X, Zhang M, Shang Q, Zhou Y. Internally plasticized PVC materials via covalent attachment of aminated tung oil methyl ester. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an internal plasticizer of aminated tung oil methyl ester for the production of non-migration, phthalate-free flexible and internally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Qianqian Shang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF)
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- State Forestry Administration
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20
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Guo F, Mu Y, Chen C, Liao H, Bai Y. Thermal and spectral characterization of anaerobic thermal behavior patterns in a lacustrine sediment core. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19949-19957. [PMID: 27436379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The thermal evolution of sedimentary organic matter is a significant mechanism in continental oil and gas formation. This study presents a new method to estimate vertical thermal evolution trends in a lake sediment core. Twenty sediment samples from a 60-cm core recovered from Lake Bosten were heated to 600 °C at a rate of 10 °C min(-1) under a N2 atmosphere. The sediments were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then, the samples were analyzed with total organic carbon (TOC) analyses, X-ray diffraction, and (137)Cs isotopic dating techniques. Two main anaerobic thermal degradation processes were observed in the thermograms. The pyrolysis results showed variations with sediment age, with labile carbon (237.2 ± 42.98 °C) manifesting different thermogram patterns than recalcitrant carbon (498.35 ± 30.09 °C). There was a significant linear correlation between sample weight loss and TOC (r = 0.972, p < 0.001), as well as between the DSC and TGA peaks (r = 0.963, p < 0.001). As a conclusion, the thermal stability of both labile organic carbon and recalcitrant organic carbon in lacustrine sediment core increased gradually with age. These results confirm that advanced thermal techniques (DSC and TGA) operated in inert gas are potential quantitative methods to characterize the anaerobic thermal behavior of sediment organic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunsong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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21
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Qurat-Ul-Ain, Zia KM, Zia F, Ali M, Rehman S, Zuber M. Lipid functionalized biopolymers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1057-1068. [PMID: 27664923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are the main source of energy and widely used for various applications. In this review, the modification of lipids by using them in combination with other biomaterials like natural and synthetic polymers is elaborated. These new blends have characteristic features of both polymers and are characterized by different techniques (NMR, DSC, TGA, IR and Raman spectroscopy etc.) to understand their structure, properties and functional behavior. Lipids are hydrophobic, have anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties and thus impart hydrophobicity and flexibility to the polymers. While the polymers, on the other hand, make the lipids tougher. Properties of few polymers such as starch, polyethylene protein and chitosan that have brittleness, low combustion rate and hydrophobicity, are improved by incorporation of lipids ultimately increased their flexibility, combustion rate and hydrophobicity respectively. This review article is also focused on emerging fields for the applications of these composite materials. The most notable application of composite materials are in the field of paint industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul-Ain
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Saima Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
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22
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Zheng T, Ni X. Loading an organophosphorous flame retardant into halloysite nanotubes for modifying UV-curable epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel flame-resistant UV-curable epoxy (EP) composites were prepared using the organophosphorous flame retardant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which was loaded into halloysite nanotubes (HNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
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