1
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Keith M, Koller M, Lackner M. Carbon Recycling of High Value Bioplastics: A Route to a Zero-Waste Future. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1621. [PMID: 38931972 PMCID: PMC11207349 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, 98% of all plastics are fossil-based and non-biodegradable, and globally, only 9% are recycled. Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution is just beginning to be understood. As the global demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics continues to rise, biobased and biodegradable plastics have emerged as a promising solution. This review article delves into the pivotal concept of carbon recycling as a pathway towards achieving a zero-waste future through the production and utilization of high-value bioplastics. The review comprehensively explores the current state of bioplastics (biobased and/or biodegradable materials), emphasizing the importance of carbon-neutral and circular approaches in their lifecycle. Today, bioplastics are chiefly used in low-value applications, such as packaging and single-use items. This article sheds light on value-added applications, like longer-lasting components and products, and demanding properties, for which bioplastics are increasingly being deployed. Based on the waste hierarchy paradigm-reduce, reuse, recycle-different use cases and end-of-life scenarios for materials will be described, including technological options for recycling, from mechanical to chemical methods. A special emphasis on common bioplastics-TPS, PLA, PHAs-as well as a discussion of composites, is provided. While it is acknowledged that the current plastics (waste) crisis stems largely from mismanagement, it needs to be stated that a radical solution must come from the core material side, including the intrinsic properties of the polymers and their formulations. The manner in which the cascaded use of bioplastics, labeling, legislation, recycling technologies, and consumer awareness can contribute to a zero-waste future for plastics is the core topics of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Keith
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Go!PHA, Oudebrugsteeg 9, 1012 JN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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3
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Clark R, Shaver MP. Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2617-2650. [PMID: 38386877 PMCID: PMC10941197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness with which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but the linearity of plastics puts the climate, human health, and global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental to transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers a route to virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, chemical depolymerization exists in a complex and interlinked system of end-of-life fates, with the complementarity of each approach key to environmental, economic, and societal sustainability. This review explores the recent progress made into the depolymerization of five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, and polyurethanes. Attention is paid not only to the catalytic technologies used to enhance depolymerization efficiencies but also to the interrelationship with other recycling technologies and to the systemic constraints imposed by a global economy. Novel polymers, designed for chemical depolymerization, are also concisely reviewed in terms of their underlying chemistry and potential for integration with current plastic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie
A. Clark
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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4
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Zunita M, Winoto HP, Fauzan MFK, Haikal R. Recent Advances in Plastics Waste Degradation Using Ionic Liquid-Based Process. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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5
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Zaborowska M, Bernat K. The development of recycling methods for bio-based materials - A challenge in the implementation of a circular economy: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:68-80. [PMID: 35765777 PMCID: PMC9925894 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the characteristics of the most widely used biopolymers that contain starch, polylactic acid, cellulose and/or polybutylene succinate. Because worldwide production of bio-based materials has grown dynamically, their waste is increasingly found in the existing waste treatment plants. The development of recycling methods for bio-based materials remains a challenge in the implementation of a circular economy. This article summarizes the recycling methods for bio-based materials, which, in the hierarchy of waste management, is much more desirable than landfilling. Several methods of recycling are available for the end-of-life management of bio-based products, which include mechanical (reuse of waste as a valuable raw material for further processing), chemical (feedstock recycling) and organic (anaerobic digestion or composting) ones. The use of chemical or mechanical recycling is less favourable, more costly and requires the improvement of systems for separation of bio-based materials from the rest of the waste stream. Organic recycling can be a sustainable alternative to those two methods. In organic recycling, bio-based materials can be biologically treated under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, depending on the characteristics of the materials. The choice of the recycling method to be implemented depends on the economic situation and on the properties of the bio-based products and their susceptibility to degradation. Thus, it is necessary to label the products to indicate which method of recycling is most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaborowska
- Magdalena Zaborowska, Department of
Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in
Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, Olsztyn 10-709, Poland.
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6
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High-Pressure Depolymerization of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) Using Bio-Based Solvents: A Way to Produce Alkyl Esters Which Can Be Modified to Polymerizable Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235236. [PMID: 36501628 PMCID: PMC9739185 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyesters poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) used in various applications such as food packaging or 3D printing were depolymerized by biobased aliphatic alcohols-methanol and ethanol with the presence of para-toluenesulphonic acid (p-TSA) as a catalyst at a temperature of 151 °C. It was found that the fastest depolymerization is reached using methanol as anucleophile for the reaction with PLA, resulting in the value of reaction rate constant (k) of 0.0425 min-1 and the yield of methyl lactate of 93.8% after 120 min. On the other hand, the value of constant k for the depolymerization of PHB in the presence of ethanol reached 0.0064 min-1 and the yield of ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate was of 76.0% after 240 min. A kinetics study of depolymerization was performed via LC-MS analysis of alkyl esters of lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutanoic acid. The structure confirmation of the products was performed via FT-IR, MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Synthesized alkyl lactates and 3-hydroxybutyrates were modified into polymerizable molecules using methacrylic anhydride as a reactant and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate as a catalyst at a temperature of 80 °C. All alkyl esters were methacrylated for 24 h, guaranteeing the quantitative yield (which in all cases reached values equal to or of more than 98%). The methacrylation rate constants (k') were calculated to compare the reaction kinetics of each alkyl ester. It was found that lactates reach afaster rate of reaction than 3-hydroxybutyrates. The value of k' for themethacrylated methyl lactate reached 0.0885 dm3/(mol·min). Opposite to this result, methacrylated ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate's constant k' was 0.0075 dm3/(mol·min). The reaction rate study was conducted by the GC-FID method and the structures were confirmed via FT-IR, MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.
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Elhami V, Antunes EC, Temmink H, Schuur B. Recovery Techniques Enabling Circular Chemistry from Wastewater. Molecules 2022; 27:1389. [PMID: 35209179 PMCID: PMC8877087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era where it becomes less and less accepted to just send waste to landfills and release wastewater into the environment without treatment, numerous initiatives are pursued to facilitate chemical production from waste. This includes microbial conversions of waste in digesters, and with this type of approach, a variety of chemicals can be produced. Typical for digestion systems is that the products are present only in (very) dilute amounts. For such productions to be technically and economically interesting to pursue, it is of key importance that effective product recovery strategies are being developed. In this review, we focus on the recovery of biologically produced carboxylic acids, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs), medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LCDAs) being directly produced by microorganisms, and indirectly produced unsaturated short-chain acids (USCA), as well as polymers. Key recovery techniques for carboxylic acids in solution include liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, and membrane separations. The route toward USCA is discussed, including their production by thermal treatment of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) polymers and the downstream separations. Polymers included in this review are extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Strategies for fractionation of the different fractions of EPS are discussed, aiming at the valorization of both polysaccharides and proteins. It is concluded that several separation strategies have the potential to further develop the wastewater valorization chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Elhami
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Evelyn C. Antunes
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
- Wetsus—European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus—European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boelo Schuur
- Sustainable Process Technology Group, Process and Catalysis Cluster, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (V.E.); (E.C.A.)
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8
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Zako T, Matsushita S, Hoshi T, Aoyagi T. Direct Surface Modification of Polycaprolactone-Based Shape Memory Materials to Introduce Positive Charge Aiming to Enhance Cell Affinity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195797. [PMID: 34640193 PMCID: PMC8510420 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the introduction of a positive charge on the surface of a shape memory material was investigated to enhance cell affinity. To achieve this, the direct chemical modification of a material surface was proposed. Sheet-type, crosslinked poly(caprolactone-co-α-bromo-ɤ-butyrolactone) (poly(CL-co-BrBL)) were prepared, and the direct reaction of amino compounds with bromo groups was conducted on the material surface with a positive charge. Branched poly(CL-co-BrBL) was prepared, followed by the introduction of methacryloyl groups to each chain end. Using the branched macromonomers, stable and sheet-type materials were derived through UV-light irradiation. Then, the materials were soaked in an amino compound solution to react with the bromo groups under various conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry and surface analysis of the modified materials indicated that 10 vol% of N, N-dimethylethylenediamine in n-hexane and 1 h soaking time were optimal to maintain the inherent thermal properties. The achievement of increased luminance and a positive zeta potential proved that the direct modification method effectively introduced the positive charge only on the surface, thereby enhancing cell affinity.
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9
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Chemical Recycling of PET in the Presence of the Bio-Based Polymers, PLA, PHB and PEF: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The great increase in the production and consumption of plastics has resulted in large amounts of plastic wastes, creating a serious problem in terms of their environmentally friendly disposal. The need for the production of more environmentally friendly polymers gave birth to the production of biodegradable, and more recently, biobased polymers, used in the production of biodegradable or biobased plastics. Although the percentage of currently produced bioplastics is rather small, almost 1% compared to petrochemical-based plastics, inevitably is going to significantly increase in the near future due to strict legislation recently posed by the European Union and other countries’ Governments. Thus, recycling strategies that have been developed could be disturbed and the economic balance of this sector could be destabilized. In the present review, the recycling of the polymer mainly used in food plastic packaging, i.e., poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET is examined together with its counterparts from the biobased polymers, i.e., poly(lactic acid), PLA (already replacing PET in several applications), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB and poly(ethylene furanoate), PEF. Methods for the chemical recycling of these materials together with the chemical products obtained are critically reviewed. Specifically, hydrolysis, alcoholysis and glycolysis. Hydrolysis (i.e., the reaction with water) under different environments (alkaline, acidic, neutral), experimental conditions and catalysts results directly in the production of the corresponding monomers, which however, should be separated in order to be re-used for the re-production of the respective polymer. Reaction conditions need to be optimized with a view to depolymerize only a specific polymer, while the others remain intact. Alcoholysis (i.e., the reaction with some alcohol, methanol or ethanol) results in methyl or ethyl esters or diesters that again could be used for the re-production of the specific polymer or as a source for producing other materials. Glycolysis (reaction with some glycol, such as ethylene, or diethylene glycol) is much studied for PET, whereas less studied for the biopolymers and seems to be a very promising technique. Oligomers having two terminal hydroxyl groups are produced that can be further utilized as starting materials for other value-added products, such as unsaturated polyester resins, methacrylated crosslinked resins, biodegradable polyurethanes, etc. These diols derived from both PET and the bio-based polymers can be used simultaneously without the need for an additional separation step, in the synthesis of final products incorporating biodegradable units in their chemical structure.
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10
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Gao G, Zhao Q, Yang C, Jiang T. p-Toluenesulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquids encapsulated into bismuth SBA-16 as high-efficiency catalysts for Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5871-5882. [PMID: 33949506 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth SBA-16 catalyst was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Four kinds of p-toluenesulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquids were prepared by a two-step method and their molecular structures were characterized by 1H NMR and MS. The post-synthesis impregnation method was used to functionalize the Bi(10)-SBA-16 silicon mesoporous material with the ionic liquids and the obtained materials were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, XPS, and TG. The results show that the volume and pore size of SBA-16 were changed by loading Bi and ionic liquids, while the three-dimensional cubic pore structure of SBA-16 was not destroyed. The composite catalyst was evaluated in Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride. The effects of reaction temperature and the ratio of anisole and acylating agent on the acylation of anisole were investigated by experimental design. The results showed that 1.2ILc@Bi(10)-SBA-16 was used as the catalyst, the conversion of anisole was 85.41% and the yield of aromatic ketone was 69.19% under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 100 °C, a catalyst dosage of 0.5 g, a time period of 4 h and a molar ratio of 1 : 1.5. After 5 recycling runs, the reduction in the overall ratio of reactant conversion and product yield did not exceed 7.5%, indicating that 1.2ILc@Bi(10)-SBA-16 has good stability and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Tingshun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
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11
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Zhu C, Li T, Mohideen MM, Hu P, Gupta R, Ramakrishna S, Liu Y. Realization of Circular Economy of 3D Printed Plastics: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050744. [PMID: 33673625 PMCID: PMC7957743 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing technology is a versatile technology. The waste of 3D printed plastic products is a matter of concern because of its impact on the circular economy. In this paper, we discuss the current status and problems of 3D printing, different methods of 3D printing, and applications of 3D printing. This paper focuses on the recycling and degradation of different 3D printing materials. The degradation, although it can be done without pollution, has restrictions on the type of material and time. Degradation using ionic liquids can yield pure monomers but is only applicable to esters. The reprocessing recycling methods can re-utilize the excellent properties of 3D printed materials many times but are limited by the number of repetitions of 3D printed materials. Although each has its drawbacks, the great potential of the recycling of 3D printed waste plastics is successfully demonstrated with examples. Various recycling approaches provide the additional possibility of utilizing 3D printing waste to achieve more efficient circular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihan Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Tianya Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Mohamedazeem M. Mohideen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema 797106, India;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11576, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (C.Z.); (T.L.); (M.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (Y.L.)
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12
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Kang S, Chen R, Fu J, Liang J, Chen S, Lu L, Miao R. Catalyst-free valorization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate to crotonic acid. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalyst-free valorization process of PHB to CA in inert nonpolar solvents is developed. CA was obtained with a yield of 89 wt% and a purity of 91% via a simple consecutive process of pyrolysis at 210 °C and vacuum distillation at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Kang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Rujie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Department of Light Industry Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinxia Fu
- Hawaii Nature Energy Institute, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Suxia Chen
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Rongrong Miao
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Donguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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13
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Feghali E, Tauk L, Ortiz P, Vanbroekhoven K, Eevers W. Catalytic chemical recycling of biodegradable polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Liu M, Guo J, Gu Y, Gao J, Liu F. Degradation of waste polycarbonate via hydrolytic strategy to recover monomer (bisphenol A) catalyzed by DBU-based ionic liquids under metal- and solvent-free conditions. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Guo J, Liu M, Gu Y, Wang Y, Gao J, Liu F. Efficient Alcoholysis of Polycarbonate Catalyzed by Recyclable Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Mengshuai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jun Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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