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Smajdor J, Zambrzycki M, Marzec M, Paczosa-Bator B, Piech R. Electrochemical determination of thiethylperazine using semi-graphitized carbon nanofibers-MnO nanocomposite. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:449. [PMID: 37874386 PMCID: PMC10598083 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A new voltammetric method is proposed for high sensitive thiethylperazine (THP) determination, using a glassy carbon electrode modified with semi-graphitized carbon nanofibers/MnO nanocomposite (eCNF/MnO/GC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first electrochemical assay of THP determination, and the first use of the eCNF/MnO as the electrode modifier. The proposed method using eCNF/MnO/GC is characterized by high repeatability and sensitivity of measurements, with the linearity of THP in the range from 0.05 to 2.2 µmol L-1. The lowest detection limit achieved on the eCNF/MnO/GC electrode for 30 s of preconcentration was 6.3 nmol L-1 THP in 0.05 mol L-1 acetate buffer of pH 5.6. The proposed method was successfully applied to highly sensitive THP determination in complex matrices, such as tablets and plasma with good recovery (98-103%). The RSD value obtained for THP measurement at a concentration of 0.1 µmol L-1 was 1.3%. Amperometric measurements of THP under the flow injection conditions were also performed to indicate the possibility of its fast and accurate determination (103% and 95% for unmodified and modified electrode, respectively), with the duration of single analysis of approx. 30 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smajdor
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcel Zambrzycki
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- Surface and Biomaterials Nanoengineering, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Paczosa-Bator
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Piech
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Benko A, Webster TJ. How to fix a broken heart-designing biofunctional cues for effective, environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267018. [PMID: 37901157 PMCID: PMC10602933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases bear strong socioeconomic and ecological impact on the worldwide healthcare system. A large consumption of goods, use of polymer-based cardiovascular biomaterials, and long hospitalization times add up to an extensive carbon footprint on the environment often turning out to be ineffective at healing such cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, cardiac cell toxicity is among the most severe but common side effect of drugs used to treat numerous diseases from COVID-19 to diabetes, often resulting in the withdrawal of such pharmaceuticals from the market. Currently, most patients that have suffered from cardiovascular disease will never fully recover. All of these factors further contribute to the extensive negative toll pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical companies have on the environment. Hence, there is a dire need to develop new environmentally-friendly strategies that on the one hand would promise cardiac tissue regeneration after damage and on the other hand would offer solutions for the fast screening of drugs to ensure that they do not cause cardiovascular toxicity. Importantly, both require one thing-a mature, functioning cardiac tissue that can be fabricated in a fast, reliable, and repeatable manner from environmentally friendly biomaterials in the lab. This is not an easy task to complete as numerous approaches have been undertaken, separately and combined, to achieve it. This review gathers such strategies and provides insights into which succeed or fail and what is needed for the field of environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering to prosper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Program in Materials Science, UFPI, Teresina, Brazil
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Smolka W, Ptas M, Panek A, Krok-Borkowicz M, Zambrzycki M, Gubernat M, Markowski J, Fraczek-Szczypta A. Surface Modification of Carbon Nanofibers to Improve Their Biocompatibility in Contact with Osteoblast and Chondrocytes Cell Lines. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6370. [PMID: 34771898 PMCID: PMC8585247 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of different types of modifiers, such as sodium hyaluronate (NaH), graphene oxide (GO), silica oxycarbide (SiOC) and oxidation process (ox) on physicochemical, morphological, and biological properties of electrospun carbon nanofibers (eCNFs). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the microstructure and chemistry of as-prepared and modified CNFs. The electrical properties of CNFs scaffolds were examined using a four-point probe method to evaluate the influence of modifiers on the volume conductivity and surface resistivity of the obtained samples. The wettability of the surfaces of modified and unmodified CNFs scaffolds was also tested by contact angle measurement. During the in vitro study all samples were put into direct contact with human chondrocyte CHON-001 cells and human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Their viability was analysed after 72 h in culture. Moreover, the cell morphology and cell area in contact with CNFs was observed by means of fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results show great potential for the modification of CNFs with polymer, ceramic and carbon modifiers, which do not change the fiber form of the substrate but significantly affect their surface and volume properties. Preliminary biological studies have shown that the type of modification of CNFs affects either the rate of increase in the number of cells or the degree of spreading in relation to the unmodified sample. More hydrophilic and low electrically conductive samples such as CNF_ox and CNF_NaH significantly increase cell proliferation, while other GO and SiOC modified samples have an effect on cell adhesion and thus cell spreading. From the point of view of further research and the possibility of combining the electrical properties of modified CNF scaffolds with electrical stimulation, where these scaffolds would be able to transport electrical signals to cells and thus affect cell adhesion, spreading, and consequently tissue regeneration, samples CNF_GO and CNF_SiOC would be the most desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Smolka
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Monika Ptas
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcel Zambrzycki
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Maciej Gubernat
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
| | - Jaroslaw Markowski
- Laryngology Department, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (W.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.P.); (M.K.-B.); (M.Z.); (M.G.)
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Benko A, Duch J, Gajewska M, Marzec M, Bernasik A, Nocuń M, Piskorz W, Kotarba A. Covalently bonded surface functional groups on carbon nanotubes: from molecular modeling to practical applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10152-10166. [PMID: 34075933 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate how chemical functionalization affects the electronic properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, altering the electrophoretic deposition process: a method of choice for the fabrication of high quality, all-carbon nanotube (CNT) layers. Wet chemistry methods were applied to modify the surfaces of CNTs by insertion of various oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups. Transmission electron microscopy revealed no significant changes in the material morphology, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that changes in the chemical composition did not translate to the changes in the structure. Molecularly modelled optimized surface functional group geometries and electron density distributions allowed the calculation of the dipole moments (-COOH = 0.77; -OH = 1.65; -CON(CH3CH2)2 = 3.33; -CONH2 = 2.00; -NH2 = 0.78). Due to their polarity, the introduction of surface functional groups resulted in significant modifications of the electronic properties of CNTs, as elucidated by work function measurements via the Kelvin method and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The work function changed from 4.6 eV (raw CNTs) to 4.94 eV for the -OH functionalized CNTs and 4.3 eV for the CNTs functionalized with -CON(CH3CH2), and was inversely proportional to the dipole moment values. Finally, using CNT dispersions, electrophoretic deposition was conducted, allowing the correlation of the work function of CNTs and the measured electrophoretic current with the impact on the deposits' qualities. Thus, a rational background for the development of carbon-based biomaterials was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Benko
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 A. Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Duch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marta Gajewska
- AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, 30 A. Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Marzec
- AGH University of Science and Technology Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, 30 A. Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, 30 A. Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Nocuń
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, 30 A. Mickiewicz Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Witold Piskorz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Sun X, Li S, Du M, Huang F, Zhang W, Wei Q, Cai Y. High-performance polyacrylonitrile-based pre-oxidized fibers fabricated through strategy with chemical pretreatment, layer-by-layer assembly, and stabilization techniques. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320944419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel high-performance polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based pre-oxidized fibers (i.e. OPFHA-MEA-L) with improved thermal stability and flame-retardant and mechanical properties were designed and made from the pristine PAN fibers through chemical pretreatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA) and monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solutions, then coated with chitosan (CS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, and finally followed by stabilization in the air. The morphological structure, flammability, and thermal and mechanical properties of fabricated OPFs were systemically investigated. The results indicated that the PAN fibers after chemical pretreatment with HA and MEA had a large amount of hydrophilic groups. It would facilitate the increase of pre-oxidation degree for PAN fibers during stabilization and the deposition of positively and negatively charged CS-STPP flame-retardant coating. The fabricated OPFs (i.e. OPFHA-MEA-10) demonstrated superior comprehensive properties with charred residue of about 68.2%, breaking strength of about 295.1 N, breaking elongation of 12.6%, and limiting oxygen index value of about 41.5%, respectively, contributing to the improved thermal stability and flame-retardant and mechanical properties. It is envisioned that this innovative type of high-performance OPFs could be utilized for potential applications as flame retardant and in high temperature filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Du
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Jiangsu Advanced Textile Engineering Technology Center, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Zambrzycki M, Fraczek-Szczypta A. Study on the synthesis and properties of hierarchically structured electrospun/vapour-grown carbon nanofibres nanocomposites. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gubernat M, Zambrzycki M, Fraczek-Szczypta A, Blazewicz S. Structural and microstructural study of novel stacked toroidal carbon nanotubes. Micron 2019; 130:102816. [PMID: 31884201 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The work presents a new carbon nanostructure in the form of stacked toroidal carbon nanotubes (STCNT) crystallized from the gas phase through a catalyst-free deposition process. Vapor-grown STCNT were obtained on a graphite substrate using methane as a source of carbon. The carbon structure was analyzed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The TEM images revealed that the nanostructured carbon phase consisted of a single toroidal element (toroid) that was composed of rolled multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The SEM/EDX study of different substrate sites showed the presence of the pure carbon structure. The average external diameter of a single toroid was 1000 nm, and the average distance between neighboring toroids was 100 nm. The space inside the toroids contained carbon spheres made of turbostratic crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gubernat
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Cracow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Marcel Zambrzycki
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Cracow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Cracow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Blazewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Cracow, 30-059, Poland.
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