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Zhang M, Zhao J, Wang S, Dai Z, Qin S, Mei S, Zhang W, Guo R. Preventive conservation of paper-based relics with visible light high-transmittance ultraviolet blocking film based on carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:593-601. [PMID: 39216387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based relics is an important carrier for recording and preserving information, however, it faces irreversible UV-induced damage, including photocleavage, oxidation, acidification and discoloration, which seriously affects its value and lifespan. Carbon dots (CDs) possess excellent UV absorption and good chemical stability, making them suitable for UV protection. Herein, we propose a high-security and efficient method utilizing CDs films (CDFs) for preventive protection of paper against UV damage. The CDFs with high tunable UV absorbance and minimal absorbance in the visible light range, effectively shield paper from UV radiation while preserving its visual appeal. Moreover, the UV transmittance of the film can be fine-tuned to the content of CDs and can be easily removed from the paper without residue. Artificial accelerated UV aging experiments demonstrate the deceleration of acidification, oxidation, and photocleavage in the protected bamboo paper and Xuan paper. This research paces a new direction for the protection of paper and paper-based relics and artworks with emerging carbon materials, offering customizable protection effects tailored to specific preservation and exhibition requirements. This research pioneers a novel approach to preventive protection of paper and paper-based relics using emerging carbon dots materials, offering tailored protection for diverse preservation needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinchan Zhao
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sinong Wang
- Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books, Fudan University Library, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhenyu Dai
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaitao Qin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zhang M, Zhao J, Wang S, Dai Z, Qin S, Mei S, Zhang W, Guo R. Carbon Quantum Dots for Long-Term Protection against UV Degradation and Acidification in Paper-Based Relics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5009-5018. [PMID: 38227429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based cultural relics constitute a significant and invaluable part of human civilization and cultural heritage. However, they are highly vulnerable to environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) photodegradation and acidification degradation, posing substantial threats to their long-term preservation. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), known for their outstanding optical properties, high water solubility, and good safety, offer a promising solution for slowing down UV damage and acidification of paper-based relics during storage and transportation. Herein, we propose a feasible strategy for the simple preparation of CQDs with high dispersion stability, excellent UV absorption, room-temperature phosphorescence, and photostability for the safety protection of paper. Accelerated aging experiments were conducted using UV and dry-heat aging methods on both CQD-protected paper and unprotected paper, respectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of CQD protection. The results demonstrate a slowdown in both the oxidation and acid degradation processes of the protected paper under both UV-aging and dry-heat aging conditions. Notably, CQDs with complex luminescence patterns of both fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence also endue them as enhanced optical anticounterfeiting materials for multifunctional paper protection. This research provides a new direction for the protection of paper-based relics with emerging carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinchan Zhao
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sinong Wang
- Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books, Fudan University Library, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Dai
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaitao Qin
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Future Lighting, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Dang R, Yang Y, Kang Y, Tan H. Revealing the photochemical damage behavior of acidified Xuan paper based on the spectroscopic investigation and principal component analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123244. [PMID: 37572446 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In museums, there is a huge storage of Xuan paper cultural relics with profound historical and artistic significances. Exploring the photochemical damage behavior of Xuan paper that is generally in acidification, namely its damage mechanisms and laws, is crucial for the preventive lighting protection for paper cultural relics. In this study, the accelerated aging experiments in the range of visible light were conducted on Xuan paper samples with different degrees of acidification. The photochemical damage mechanisms of samples were traced, which is related with the synergistic effects of oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. It can be found that there is an effect of acidification, a long-standing material property of Xuan paper, on its damage, which further defines its preservation state in museums. On this basis, a spectral quantification method of infrared spectra combined with the principal component analysis was proposed to comprehensively analyze the photochemical damage law of Xuan paper in different preservation states. The analysis shows that the effect of acidification degree (pH values), spectra wavelength (λ), and their interaction on the damage to Xuan paper are statistically significant. Furthermore, the fitted mathematical function of pH values and λ is of great importance for evaluating photochemical damage, in order to further develop preventive lighting protection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Architectural Physics and Environmental Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Architectural Physics and Environmental Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yafang Kang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Architectural Physics and Environmental Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huijiao Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Architectural Physics and Environmental Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Yao J, Zhang R, Luo C, Yan Y, Bi N, Tang Y. Deterioration of Kaihua handmade paper: Evolution of molecular, supermolecular and macroscopic structures. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dan L, Zhang K, Huang Z, Wang F, Wang Q, Li J. Molecular-level evaluation of ionic transport under external electric fields in biological dielectric liquids. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dang R, Zhang T, Wang J, Tang M, Jiang P, Song X, Zhang R, Zhang X. Lighting quantity indexes for lighting traditional Chinese paintings based on pigments protection and substrates protection in museums. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22667-22678. [PMID: 34266025 DOI: 10.1364/oe.429923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In museum lighting, traditional Chinese paintings are the artworks with the highest light sensitivity. They are vulnerable to the color damage to pigments and the mechanical damage to substrates after the irradiation from light sources. As the basis of effective preventive protection, the research on the two lighting quantity indexes of illuminance and annual exposure (illuminance × time) is currently missing. In this study, the halogen lamp was used as the experimental light source to conduct a 1440 h irradiation experiment on the samples of paper and silk substrates under 4 illuminance levels, respectively, and the test of infrared spectrum was carried out on the samples every 240 h. The oxidation index of paper and crystallinity degree of silk were calculated then. Three-dimensional visual curved surface plots of mechanical damage to samples with the change of illuminance and time were established and then fitted into damage evaluation equations, which revealed and described mathematically the mechanical damage law of samples. Through the equations, the recommended values of illuminance and annual exposure for samples could be calculated. Combining the previous researches on pigments, the lighting quantity indexes of traditional Chinese paintings with different combinations of substrates and pigments were proposed.
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Suppressing ion aggregation on cellulose surface by bio-dielectric liquids: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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