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Liu Y, Xu S, Chen Q, Xu J, Sun B. Synergistic effect of modified anhydrous magnesium carbonate and hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15143-15154. [PMID: 38725564 PMCID: PMC11079627 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01669f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is widely used in various applications; however, its flammability limits its application in wire and cable industries. In this study, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570) was successfully grafted onto the surface of anhydrous magnesium carbonate (AMC) by alkali activation treatment. The KH570 modified AMC (AMC@KH570) was then introduced into the EVA matrix along with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) to assess their effects on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EVA composites. The results illustrate a significant synergistic effect in enhancing the flame retardancy of EVA composites by using AMC@KH570 and HPCTP, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL-94) of EVA filled with 5 wt% HPCTP and 45 wt% AMC@KH570 (mAMC/H-45-5) reached 27.6% and V-0, respectively. The flame retardant mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric/infrared (TG-IR) spectroscopy and residual carbon composition analysis. The results show that the thermal decomposition of AMC@KH570 and HPCTP consists of gas dilution, free radical quenching, and catalytic carbonization. Furthermore, KH570 works as a bridge to improve the compatibility of AMC and EVA matrix, which offsets the mechanical loss of EVA to some extent. The present research provides a new path to modify AMC and fabricate EVA composites with excellent flame retardant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University Xining 810016 China
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2
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Liu Q, Feng D, Zhao W, Xie D, Mei Y. A green, effective, and synergistic flame retardant for poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Diao W, Wang K, Jiao E, Yang H, Li Z, Wu K, Shi J. Excellent flame retardancy and air stability through surface coordination of few‐layer black phosphorus with
TiL
4
in epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Diao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kunxin Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Enxiang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing People's Republic of China
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4
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Mohd Sabee MMS, Itam Z, Beddu S, Zahari NM, Mohd Kamal NL, Mohamad D, Zulkepli NA, Shafiq MD, Abdul Hamid ZA. Flame Retardant Coatings: Additives, Binders, and Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142911. [PMID: 35890685 PMCID: PMC9324192 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an intensive overview of flame retardant coating systems. The occurrence of flame due to thermal degradation of the polymer substrate as a result of overheating is one of the major concerns. Hence, coating is the best solution to this problem as it prevents the substrate from igniting the flame. In this review, the descriptions of several classifications of coating and their relation to thermal degradation and flammability were discussed. The details of flame retardants and flame retardant coatings in terms of principles, types, mechanisms, and properties were explained as well. This overview imparted the importance of intumescent flame retardant coatings in preventing the spread of flame via the formation of a multicellular charred layer. Thus, the intended intumescence can reduce the risk of flame from inherently flammable materials used to maintain a high standard of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Meer Saddiq Mohd Sabee
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Zarina Itam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (Z.I.); (Z.A.A.H.)
| | - Salmia Beddu
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Nazirul Mubin Zahari
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daud Mohamad
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.B.); (N.M.Z.); (N.L.M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Norzeity Amalin Zulkepli
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Mohamad Danial Shafiq
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- Emerging Polymer Group, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (M.M.S.M.S.); (N.A.Z.); (M.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (Z.I.); (Z.A.A.H.)
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5
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He Z, Jia D, Wang L, Gao A, zeng Z, Wang X. Highly dispersed red phosphorus produced by mechanical milling for enhanced flame retardancy of polyurethane-based foam. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Polypyrrole-functionalized g-C3N4 for rheological, combustion and self-healing properties of thermoplastic polyurethane. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Chen X, Lan W, Dou W. Polystyrene nanospheres coated red phosphorus flame retardant for polyamide 66. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Wei Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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8
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Fabrication of phytic acid embellished kaolinite and its effect on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of ethylene vinyl acetate composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Moradkhani G, Fasihi M, Brison L, Laoutid F, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame retardancy effect of phosphorus graphite nanoplatelets on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer: Physical blending versus chemical modification. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghane Moradkhani
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Fasihi
- School of Chemical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Loic Brison
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Polymeric and Composite Materials Unit Materia Nova Research Center Mons Belgium
| | - Henri Vahabi
- CentraleSupélec, LMOPS Université de Lorraine Metz France
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10
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Qiang X, Guo X, Su H, Zhao H, Ouyang C, Huang D. In situ nanoarchitectonics of magnesium hydroxide particles for property regulation of carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) aerogels. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35197-35204. [PMID: 35493185 PMCID: PMC9043012 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based aerogels with low density, low thermal conductivity, and biodegradability are promising candidates for environmentally friendly heat-insulating materials. However, the application of CMC-based aerogels as insulation materials in building exterior walls is limited by the high water sensitivity, poor mechanical properties and high flammability of these aerogels. In this work, a simple hydration method was used to generate magnesium hydroxide (MH) directly from CMC/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed sol with active MgO obtained by calcined magnesite as the raw material. A series of composite aerogels with different MH contents were prepared through the freeze-drying method. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nanoflower-like MH was successfully synthesised in situ in the 3D porous polymer aerogel matrix. Compared with the mechanical properties and water resistance of the original CMC/PVA composite aerogels, those of the composite aerogels were significantly improved. In addition, the flame retardancy of the CMC/PVA composite aerogels was greatly enhanced by the introduction of MH into the polymer matrix, and the limiting oxygen index reached 35.5% when the MH loading was 60%. Flame retardant efficiency of magnesium hydroxide in cellulose aerogels improved by in situ formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Qiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Hongxi Su
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Chengwei Ouyang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Dajian Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
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11
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Magnesium hydroxide/graphene oxide chip in flakes structure and its fire-retardant reinforcement of polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Facile synthesis of phytic acid and aluminum hydroxide chelate-mediated hybrid complex toward fire safety of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Cheng C, Lu Y, Ma W, Li S, Yan J, Du S. Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20391-20402. [PMID: 35479930 PMCID: PMC9034026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine/melamine composite microencapsulated red phosphorus (RP@PDA/MA) was prepared and applied as the flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP) in this work. For comparison, polydopamine (PDA) coated red phosphorus (RP@PDA) was also prepared. The microstructure, chemical composition and thermal decomposition of the as prepared samples were systematically characterized. The results showed that PDA and PDA/MA shell structures were fabricated successfully via convenient water-based processes at room temperature. The flame retardance of red phosphorus (RP), RP@PDA, and RP@PDA/MA on EP was evaluated. The results showed that EP blending with 7 wt% RP@PDA/MA passed V-0 degree in the vertical burning test (UL-94), reached a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9% and decreased the peak heat release rate of EP by 65.1% in the cone calorimeter test. The satisfactory flame retardance can be attributed to the intumescent flame retardant system consisting of RP@PDA/MA. The PDA and PDA/MA shell structures also improved the compatibility between RP and EP, thus RP@PDA and RP@PDA/MA had less significant impact on the tensile-strain properties of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Lu
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Weining Ma
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Li
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Du
- Army Engineering University of PLA-Shijiazhuang Campus Shijiazhuang Hebei 050003 P. R. China
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14
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Jiang J, Guo R, Shen H, Ran S. Phosphine oxide for reducing flammability of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a phosphorous-containing flame retardant, phenylphosphonate-based compound (EHPP), is synthesized by alcoholysis and hydrazinolysis of phenylphosphonic dichloride, which is subsequently introduced to ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer to improve its flame retardant performance. The resultant compound was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR. The influence of the EHPP on the combustion behaviors of EVA is studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and cone calorimeter test. The results show that 1 wt% EHPP can reduce peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 40%. Moreover, 2 wt% EHPP can increase LOI from 20.5% to 25.5%. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) was used to detect the gaseous products of EVA/EHPP to study the gaseous-phase flame retardant mechanism. The EHPP released phosphorus-containing radicals to capture highly active free radicals to improve the flame retardancy of EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jiang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University , Ningbo 315000 , China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310000 , China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Borg Warner Emissions Systems , Ningbo 315000 , China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University , Ningbo 315000 , China
| | - Shiya Ran
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, NingboTech University , Ningbo 315000 , China
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15
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Zhang J, Li Z, Qi XL, Wang DY. Recent Progress on Metal-Organic Framework and Its Derivatives as Novel Fire Retardants to Polymeric Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:173. [PMID: 34138156 PMCID: PMC7770673 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
High flammability of polymers has become a major issue which has restricted its applications. Recently, highly crystalline materials and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which consisted of metal ions and organic linkers, have been intensively employed as novel fire retardants (FRs) for a variety of polymers (MOF/polymer). The MOFs possessed abundant transition metal species, fire-retardant elements and potential carbon source accompanied with the facile tuning of the structure and property, making MOF, its derivatives and MOF hybrids promising for fire retardancy research. The recent progress and strategies to prepare MOF-based FRs are emphasized and summarized. The fire retardancy mechanisms of MOF/polymer composites are explained, which may guide the future design for efficient MOF-based FRs. Finally, the challenges and prospects related to different MOF-based FRs are also discussed and aim to provide a fast and holistic overview, which is beneficial for researchers to quickly get up to speed with the latest development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zhi Li
- China-Spain Collaborative Research Center for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Qi
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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