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Tu Z, Ou H, Ran Y, Xue H, Zhu F. Chitosan-based biopolyelectrolyte complexes intercalated montmorillonite: A strategy for green flame retardant and mechanical reinforcement of polypropylene composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134316. [PMID: 39094859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Due to dwindling petroleum resources and the need for environmental protection, the development of bio-based flame retardants has received much attention. In order to explore the feasibility of fully biomass polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) for polyolefin flame retardant applications, chitosan (CS), sodium alginate (SA), and sodium phytate (SP) were used to prepare CS-based fully biomass PEC intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid biomaterials (SA-CS@MMT and SP-CS@MMT). The effects of two hybrid biomaterials on the fire safety and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites were compared. The SP-CS@MMT showed the best flame retardancy and toughening effect at the same addition amount. After adding 5 wt% SP-CS@MMT, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PP5 reached 30.9 %, and the peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased from 1348 kW/m2 to 163 kW/m2. In addition, the hydrogen bonding between polyelectrolyte complexes significantly improved the mechanical properties of PP composites. Compared with PP2, the tensile strength of PP5 increased by 59 %. This study provided an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the large-scale production of renewable biomaterials with good thermal stability and expanded the application of macromolecular biomaterials in the field of fire safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Tu
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxiang Ou
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yining Ran
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglai Xue
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, No. 21, Gehu Mid-Rd., Wujin dist., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Ghonjizade-Samani F, Haurie L, Malet R, Pérez M, Realinho V. Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Copolymer with Enhanced Mechanical Properties by Combining Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Silicone Rubber and Ethylene Methyl Acrylate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:923. [PMID: 38611181 PMCID: PMC11013094 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work proposes to investigate the effect of an ultrahigh molecular weight silicone rubber (UHMW-SR) and two ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers (EMA) with different methyl acrylate (MA) content on the mechanical and fire performance of a fireproof acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) composite, with an optimum amount of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi). ABS formulations with a global flame retardant weight content of 20 wt.% (ABS P) were melt-compounded, with and without EMA and UHMW-SR, in a Brabender mixer. During this batch process, ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR and/or EMA registered lower torque values than those of ABS P. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was possible to observe that all ABS composites exhibited a homogenous structure without phase separation or particle agglomeration. Slightly improved interfacial interaction between the well-dispersed flame-retardant particles in the presence of EMA and/or UHMW-SR was also noticed. Furthermore, synergies in mechanical properties by adding both EMA and UHMW-SR into ABS P were ascertained. An enhancement of molecular mobility that contributed to the softening of ABS P was observed under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). An improvement of its flexibility, ductility and toughness were also registered under three-point-bending trials, and even more remarkable synergies were noticed in Charpy notched impact strength. Particularly, a 212% increase was achieved when 5 wt.% of EMA with 29 wt.% of MA and 2 wt.% of UHMW-SR in ABS P (ABS E29 S P) were added. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of EMA copolymers in ABS P formulations did not interfere with its thermal decomposition, whereas UHMW-SR presence decreased its thermal stability at the beginning of the decomposition. Although the addition of EMA or UHMW-SR, as well as the combination of both in ABS P increased the pHRR in cone calorimetry, UL 94 V-0 classification was maintained for all flame-retarded ABS composites. In addition, through SEM analysis of cone calorimetry sample residue, a more cohesive surface char layer, with Si-O-C network formation confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), was shown in ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghonjizade-Samani
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Laia Haurie
- GICITED Group, Department of Architectural Technology, Escola Politècnica Superior d'Edificació de Barcelona (EPSEB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Av. Dr. Marañon 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramón Malet
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pérez
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Vera Realinho
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
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Zhu M, Jia P, Yang G, Song L, Hu Y, Wang B. Synergistic effects of core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate microcapsules on fire safety and mechanical property in styrenic thermoplastic elastomer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:1112-1122. [PMID: 37783011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) is designed to enhance the fire safety and mechanical property of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites. The PAPP is microencapsulated with carbon nanotube modified melamine-formaldehyde resin to prepare core-shell structured flame retardants (MT@PAPP). Due to the excellent compatibility between the MT@PAPP and TPE matrix, the mechanical property of TPE/MT@PAPP is improved. Compared with TPE, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of TPE/MT@PAPP are decreased by 78.5% and 60.0%, respectively. Thus, the core-shell structured piperazine pyrophosphate microcapsule strategy provides an excellent approach to obtain high-performance TPE composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China; Hefei Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd, 2388 Lianhua Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Yang
- Hefei Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd, 2388 Lianhua Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Jin X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang A, Wang R, Cui M, Wang DY, Zhang X. Highly efficient metal-organic framework based intumescent poly(L-lactic acid) towards fire safety, ignition delay and UV resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126127. [PMID: 37541480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional biodegradable PLA with ignition delay, high efficient fire retardancy, and UV resistance properties is a challenging task owing to its high flammability, and mutually exclusive phenomenon between the latter two properties. In this work, we report a superior efficient synergistic action combining piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and a Co based metal-organic framework (ZIF-67). Results illustrated that with merely 0.06 wt% ZIF-67, intumescent PLA containing 4.96 wt% PAPP reached UL-94 V0 rating. The PLA/4.9PAPP/0.1MOF sample possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value at 33 %, exhibited a 28 % reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and a 67 % increase in fire propagation index (FPI). Moreover, the presence MOF delayed the ignition time of PLA by 12 s due to the highly porous structure of MOF and its chemical heat-sink performance. Insightful reaction to fire mechanism in the condensed phase via TG-FTIR and Raman revealed that a crack free protective intumescent char layer with higher graphitization degree was formed, which effectively enhanced the barrier effect and minimize the heat and fuel transfer. In addition, the UV resistance of PLA composites is enhanced, remaining at and below 5 % transmittance in the UVA and UVB areas. This work provides a green production way of multifunctional degradable materials and broadens their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jin
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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5
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Li X, Fang S. Preparation and property analysis of kaolin/melamine cyanurate/aluminum diethylphosphinate/recycled
PET
composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
| | - Songgang Fang
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
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6
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Wang W, Chen G, Wu S, Liu Y, Wang Q. Solvent‐free synthesis of phosphate‐containing imidazole fluid for flame retardant one‐component epoxy resin with long pot life, low curing temperature and fast curing rate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gang Chen
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shulong Wu
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Fang Q, Zhan Y, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu X, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan B. A bio-based intumescent flame retardant with biomolecules functionalized ammonium polyphosphate enables polylactic acid with excellent flame retardancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Qiu D, Dong Z, Liu C, Liu L, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Huang C, Zhang H, Chen X. Explosion suppression flame and mechanism of energetic dust with distinct morphologies: Aluminum-containing metal as a typical. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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