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Lubura J, Kojić P, Pavličević J, Ikonić B, Balaban D, Bera O. A Novel Approach for Simulation and Optimization of Rubber Vulcanization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071750. [PMID: 37050369 PMCID: PMC10097246 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetic model, encompassing the curing and reversion phenomena of the NR/SBR rubber vulcanization process, was developed by means of the finite element method simultaneously with heat transfer equations, including heat generation due to curing reactions. The vulcanization simulation was conducted for three spheres of different diameters (1, 5 and 10 cm) and two rubber wheels, one of which was a commercial product of the rubber industry. The proposed advanced simulation model, based on products’ two-dimensional axisymmetry, includes cooling after vulcanization, during which the crosslinking reactions continue to take place as a result of the products’ heated interiors. As a criterion for removing the product from the mold, an average vulcanization degree of 0.9 was set, whereby, during cooling, the vulcanization degree increases, due to crosslinking reactions. Based on the minimal difference between the maximal and minimal vulcanization degrees, which did not exceed a value of 0.0142, the optimal process parameters for each product were determined, achieving homogeneity and obtaining high-quality rubber products, while simultaneously ensuring a more efficient vulcanization process and enhanced cost effectiveness for the rubber industry.
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2
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Mensah B, Bensah YD, Nbelayim PSF, Oduro E. Vulcanization kinetics of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber reinforced with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the absence of co‐cure accelerator. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bismark Mensah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana Accra Ghana
| | - Yaw Delali Bensah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana Accra Ghana
| | - Pascal Sugri Fuseini Nbelayim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana Accra Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Oduro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana Accra Ghana
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3
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Effects of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber and Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer Blend. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8038386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The composites of properties of ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (E) and acrylonitrile butadiene-rubber (N) composites of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (G) were prepared by a combination of solution and open-roll method. They include single matrices (EGO and EG) and blends N/E, 20 part of hundreds of rubber (phr)/80 phr (A), 80 phr/20 phr (B), and 50 phr/50 phr(C) blend containing GO and G. The physico-mechanical properties including vulcanization, tensile, glass transition temperature (
), and dielectric spectroscopic properties were evaluated. The N-rich systems reinforced with GO, cured faster than the E-rich systems. Also, N-rich systems obtained the highest dielectric constant
, especially when GO and G were incorporated, for example, NG and N-GO obtained 317 and 283% increment in
than EG and EGO, respectively. In terms of tensile properties, AGO exhibited the highest strength and elongation at break properties (%). Therefore, solution mixing technique of rubber blends filled with nanoinclusion can be achieved with the tendency of reducing cost without the use of compatibilizer and still maintain the integrity of the physical properties of the final product. The result obtained therefore shows that the current compositions can find various applications in oil/gas sealants, heat-resistant applications, and energy storage materials with minimal losses.
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Nunes JS, Ito EN, Gabriel CFS, Lopes TC, Nunes RCR. Physical-mechanical behavior of nitrile rubber-synthetic mica nanocomposites. POLIMEROS 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20210102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Muroga S, Takahashi Y, Hikima Y, Ata S, Kazarian SG, Ohshima M, Okazaki T, Hata K. Novel Approaches to In-Situ ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging for Real-Time Simultaneous Monitoring Curing Reaction and Diffusion of the Curing Agent at Rubber Nanocomposite Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2879. [PMID: 34502918 PMCID: PMC8433895 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we propose a novel attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy method for simultaneously monitoring the curing reaction and the diffusion behavior of curing agents at the surface of rubber in real-time. The proposed scheme was demonstrated by fluorine rubber (FKM) and FKM/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites with a target curing agent of triallyl-isocyanurate (TAIC). The broadening and the evolution of the C=O stretching of TAIC were quantitatively analyzed to characterize the reaction and the diffusion. Changes in the width of the C=O stretching indicated the reaction rate at the surface was even faster than that of the bulk as measured by a curemeter. The diffusion coefficient of the curing agent in the course of heating was newly calculated by the initial increase in the absorbance and our model based on Fickian diffusion. The diffusion coefficients of TAIC during curing were evaluated, and its temperature and filler dependency were identified. Cross-sectional ATR-FTIR imaging and in situ ATR-FTIR imaging measurements supported the hypothesis of the unidirectional diffusion of the curing agent towards the heated surface. It was shown that our method of in situ ATR-FTIR can monitor the degrees of cure and the diffusion coefficients of curing agents simultaneously, which cannot be achieved by conventional methods, e.g., rheological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Muroga
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (S.A.); (T.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Seisuke Ata
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (S.A.); (T.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (S.A.); (T.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Kenji Hata
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (S.A.); (T.O.); (K.H.)
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Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil E, Vahidifar A, Esmizadeh E, Rodrigue D. Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1565. [PMID: 34068238 PMCID: PMC8153173 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing development in science and technology, as well as social awareness, more requirements are imposed on the production and property of all materials, especially polymeric foams. In particular, rubber foams, compared to thermoplastic foams in general, have higher flexibility, resistance to abrasion, energy absorption capabilities, strength-to-weight ratio and tensile strength leading to their widespread use in several applications such as thermal insulation, energy absorption, pressure sensors, absorbents, etc. To control the rubber foams microstructure leading to excellent physical and mechanical properties, two types of parameters play important roles. The first category is related to formulation including the rubber (type and grade), as well as the type and content of accelerators, fillers, and foaming agents. The second category is associated to processing parameters such as the processing method (injection, extrusion, compression, etc.), as well as different conditions related to foaming (temperature, pressure and number of stage) and curing (temperature, time and precuring time). This review presents the different parameters involved and discusses their effect on the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of rubber foams. Although several studies have been published on rubber foams, very few papers reviewed the subject and compared the results available. In this review, the most recent works on rubber foams have been collected to provide a general overview on different types of rubber foams from their preparation to their final application. Detailed information on formulation, curing and foaming chemistry, production methods, morphology, properties, and applications is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Vahidifar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Elnaz Esmizadeh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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7
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Bera O, Pavličević J, Ikonić B, Lubura J, Govedarica D, Kojić P. A new approach for kinetic modeling and optimization of rubber molding. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bera
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Jelena Pavličević
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Bojana Ikonić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Jelena Lubura
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragan Govedarica
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Predrag Kojić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1 Novi Sad Serbia
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8
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Moni G, Mayeen A, George SC. Natural graphite reinforced fluoroelastomer composites: Morphological, mechanical, thermal, dielectric, and solvent transport studies. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Moni
- Centre for Nanoscience and TechnologyAmal Jyothi College of Engineering Kanjirappally Kerala India
- School of Chemical SciencesM G University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Anshida Mayeen
- School of Pure and Applied PhysicsM G University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Soney C. George
- Centre for Nanoscience and TechnologyAmal Jyothi College of Engineering Kanjirappally Kerala India
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9
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Ali SD, Imiete IE, Orlandi ME, Castellani L, Hanel T, Zoia L. Novel CNC/silica hybrid as potential reinforcing filler for natural rubber compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Danish Ali
- Corimav‐Pirelli, Department of Material Science University of Milano‐Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 53 Milan 20126 Italy
- Nanoscience and Technology Department National Centre for Physics 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Iikpoemugh Elo Imiete
- Corimav‐Pirelli, Department of Material Science University of Milano‐Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 53 Milan 20126 Italy
| | - Marco Emilio Orlandi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 1 Milan 20126 Italy
| | | | - Thomas Hanel
- Pirelli Tyre S.p.A Viale Sarca 222 Milan 20126 Italy
| | - Luca Zoia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 1 Milan 20126 Italy
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10
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Gopisathi S, Park C, Huh YI, Jeon J, Yun CH, Won J, Jeong KU, Nah C. ENHANCING THE REVERSION RESISTANCE, CROSSLINKING DENSITY AND THERMO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ACCELERATED SULFUR CURED CHLOROBUTYL RUBBER USING 4,4′-BIS (MALEIMIDO) DIPHENYL METHANE. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.18.82605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Vulcanizates of chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) with the accelerated sulfur generally exhibit poor crosslinking density owing to the low level of unsaturation in the backbone of CIIR. Therefore, the sulfur cured CIIR shows inferior thermo-mechanical properties at elevated temperature. In addition to this, the vulcanization of CIIR with accelerated sulfur is limited at higher temperature due to reversion. To solve these problems, 4,4′-bis (maleimido) diphenyl methane (BMDM) was applied as a crosslinking additive along with the accelerated sulfur. The detailed curing studies have proved that the presence of BMDM greatly enhanced the rheometric torque and the reversion resistance while curing CIIR with accelerated sulfur even at higher vulcanization temperature. Moreover, the crosslinking densities of the sulfur cured CIIR have increased by 109% with the use of 1 phr BMDM and further rose to 380% with 5 phr BMDM. The improved crosslink density could enable reduction of the compression set of the sulfur cured CIIR to around 40% at 100 °C when it was vulcanized in the presence of 5 phr BMDM. The kinetic studies revealed that incorporation of this additive does not adversely affect the original vulcanization behavior of CIIR with accelerated sulfur, instead it marginally improved the speed of the vulcanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibulal Gopisathi
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsin Park
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Il Huh
- Department of Polymer and Fiber System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Jeon
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Yun
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohye Won
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changwoon Nah
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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11
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Enhancing the efficiency of zinc oxide vulcanization in brominated poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene) rubber using structurally different Bismaleimides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Alwaan IM. Rheological characterization and modeling of vulcanization kinetics of natural rubber/starch blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaeel Moslam Alwaan
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Kufa; Najaf Iraq
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13
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G. S. S, Jang J, Jeong KU, Nah C. Synergistic effect of 4,4′-bis(maleimido) diphenylmethane and zinc oxide on the vulcanization behavior and thermo-mechanical properties of chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene rubber. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibulal G. S.
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - JunYeol Jang
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero Jeonju 561-756 Korea
| | - Changwoon Nah
- Haptic Polymer Composite Research Team and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology; Chonbuk National University; 567 Baekje-daero Jeonju 561-756 Korea
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14
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Cure characteristics and physico-mechanical properties of a conventional sulphur-cured natural rubber with a novel anti-reversion agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Song L, Li Z, Chen L, Zhou H, Lu A, Li L. The effect of bound rubber on vulcanization kinetics in silica filled silicone rubber. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different filler networks mediated by bound rubber show obviously different effects on vulcanization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Zhanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Hanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Liangbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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Khalid M, Walvekar R, Ketabchi MR, Siddiqui H, Hoque ME. Rubber/Nanoclay Composites: Towards Advanced Functional Materials. NANOCLAY REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Lee YS, Park SH, Lee JC, Ha K. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes and fluoroelastomer antistatic nanocomposite for automotive fuel system components. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Dynamic vulcanization of novel nanostructured polyamide 6/ fluoroelastomer thermoplastic elastomeric blends with special reference to morphology, physical properties and degree of vulcanization. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Hosseini SM, Razzaghi-Kashani M. Vulcanization kinetics of nano-silica filled styrene butadiene rubber. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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21
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Vasilakos SP, Triantou MI, Tarantili PA. The effect of layered silicates on the crosslinking reaction of silanol-terminated polysiloxane. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sozon P. Vasilakos
- Polymer Technology Laboratory; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens; Zographou Athens 15780 Greece
| | - Marianna I. Triantou
- Polymer Technology Laboratory; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens; Zographou Athens 15780 Greece
| | - Petroula A. Tarantili
- Polymer Technology Laboratory; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens; Zographou Athens 15780 Greece
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22
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Vulcanization kinetics of graphene/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Hybrid composites prepared from Industrial waste: Mechanical and swelling behavior. J Adv Res 2013; 6:225-32. [PMID: 25750756 PMCID: PMC4348447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this assessment, hybrid composites were prepared from the combination of industrial waste, as marble waste powder (MWP) with conventional fillers, carbon black (CB) as well as silica as reinforcing material, incorporated with natural rubber (NR). The properties studied were curing, mechanical and swelling behavior. Assimilation of CB as well as silica into MWP containing NR compound responded in decreasing the scorch time and cure time besides increasing in the torque. Additionally, increasing the CB and silica in their respective NR hybrid composite increases the tensile, tear, modulus, hardness, and cross-link density, but decreases the elongation and swelling coefficient. The degradation property e.g., thermal aging of the hybrid composite was also estimated. The overall behavior at 70 °C aging temperature signified that the replacement of MS by CB and silica improved the aging performance.
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Wu J, Xing W, Huang G, Li H, Tang M, Wu S, Liu Y. Vulcanization kinetics of graphene/natural rubber nanocomposites. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Mali AD, Shimpi NG, Mishra S. Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of surface-modified montmorillonite-reinforced Viton rubber nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda D Mali
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
| | - Navinchandra G Shimpi
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
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Sun H, Liang K, Li J, Guo S. Real-time Monitoring the Vulcanization of EPDM Rubber with Ultrasound: A Study on the Reaction Kinetics. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.789284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Kun Liang
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jiang Li
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- a The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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27
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Ersali M, Fazeli N, Naderi G. Preparation and Properties of EPDM/NBR/Organoclay Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, three different types of nano-composites based on EPDM/NBR blend (70/30 wt.%) have been prepared: one type including Cloisite 20A in EPDM phase, the other one containing Cloisite 30B in NBR phase and the third type consisting of Cloisite 20A in EPDM and Cloisite 30B in NBR phases simultaneously (called EN-xAB). XRD and TEM techniques showed intercalated or exfoliated structures for all types of nano-composites. According to SEM results, the most roughness of the surface was observed at EN-xAB nano-composites. Cure characteristics of the samples showed that the lowest scorch and cure time and highest crosslink density was devoted to EN-xAB samples. Comparison of mechanical properties of the nano-composites showed that the best properties were found in the samples consisted of both types of organo-clays simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ersali
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Fazeli
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gh. Naderi
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Polymer Processing Society, Tehran, Iran
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Cadambi RM, Ghassemieh E. Mechanism of Gas Permeation in Processed HNBR/Nanoclay Composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
In materials research, the development of polymer nanocomposites (PN) is rapidly emerging as a multidisciplinary research field with results that could broaden the applications of polymers to many different industries. PN are polymer matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets or elastomers) that have been reinforced with small quantities of nano-sized particles, preferably characterized by high aspect ratios, such as layered silicates and carbon nanotubes. Thermal analysis (TA) is a useful tool to investigate a wide variety of properties of polymers and it can be also applied to PN in order to gain further insight into their structure. This review illustrates the versatile applications of TA methods in the emerging field of polymer nanomaterial research, presenting some examples of applications of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) for the characterization of nanocomposite materials.
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Sapkota J, Poikelispää M, Das A, Dierkes W, Vuorinen J. Influence of nanoclay-carbon black hybrid fillers on cure and properties of natural rubber compounds. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Qu L, Yu G, Wang L, Li C, Zhao Q, Li J. Effect of filler-elastomer interactions on the mechanical and nonlinear viscoelastic behaviors of chemically modified silica-reinforced solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Konar BB, Saha M. Influence of Polymer Coated CaCO 3on Vulcanization Kinetics of Natural Rubber/Sulfur/N-Oxydiethyl Benzthiazyl Sulfenamide (BSM) System. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2012.649207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sepehri A, Razzaghi‐Kashani M, Ghoreishy MHR. Vulcanization kinetics of butyl rubber–clay nanocomposites and its dependence on clay microstructure. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sepehri
- Polymer Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Razzaghi‐Kashani
- Polymer Engineering Department, Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. H. R. Ghoreishy
- Rubber Processing and Engineering Department, Polymer Processing Faculty, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Lakshminarayanan S, Gelves GA, Sundararaj U. Vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of organoclay fluoroelastomer nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rooj S, Das A, Heinrich G. Tube-like natural halloysite/fluoroelastomer nanocomposites with simultaneous enhanced mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pojanavaraphan T, Liu L, Ceylan D, Okay O, Magaraphan R, Schiraldi DA. Solution Cross-Linked Natural Rubber (NR)/Clay Aerogel Composites. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102443k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassawuth Pojanavaraphan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
- Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rathanawan Magaraphan
- Polymer Processing and Polymer Nanomaterials Research Unit, The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - David A. Schiraldi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Albano C, Hernández M, Ichazo MN, González J, DeSousa W. Characterization of NBR/bentonite composites: vulcanization kinetics and rheometric and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Modeling of chemical kinetics of elastomer/hydroxyl- and carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites' cross-linking. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Khanlari S, Kokabi M. Thermal stability, aging properties, and flame resistance of NR-based nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cure kinetics and morphology of natural rubber reinforced by thein situpolymerization of zinc dimethacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lakshminarayanan S, Lin B, Gelves GA, Sundararaj U. Effect of clay surfactant type and clay content on the rheology and morphology of uncured fluoroelastomer/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt-mixing. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Perez LD, Zuluaga MA, Kyu T, Mark JE, Lopez BL. Preparation, characterization, and physical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube/elastomer composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maiti M, Bhowmick AK. Synthesis and properties of new fluoroelastomer nanocomposites from tailored anionic layered magnesium silicates (hectorite). J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mathew G, Rhee J, Lee YS, Park D, Nah C. Cure kinetics of ethylene acrylate rubber/clay nanocomposites. J IND ENG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mishra S, Shimpi NG, Patil UD. Effect of Nano CaCO3 on thermal properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR). JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-007-9127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mathew G, Rhee JM, Hwang BS, Nah C. Cure behavior of epoxy resin containing castor oil and cashew nut shell liquid and its derivative. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Likozar B, Šebenik U, Krajnc M. Modeling of dynamic mechanical properties of vulcanized fluoroelastomer. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sukumar R, Menon ARR. Organomodified kaolin as a reinforcing filler for natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Partial delamination of the organo-montmorillonite with surfactant containing hydroxyl groups in maleated poly(propylene carbonate). POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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