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Tang L, Wang B, Bai S, Fan B, Zhang L, Wang F. Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals with high stability from okara by green solvent pretreatment assisted TEMPO oxidation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121485. [PMID: 37985081 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Because the traditional preparation methods of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) involve chemical pollution issues, in this study, two typical green solvents, alkali/urea solvent (AUS) and deep-eutectic solvent (DES), were used to dissolve insoluble soybean fibers (ISF) extracted from okara and prepare regenerated CNCs (AUS/CNC and DES/CNC), which were further modified by TEMPO oxidation (AUS/T-CNC and DES/T-CNC). The recoveries of AUS and DES were 82.58 % and 84.00 %, respectively. Chemical composition analysis showed high cellulose purity (>95 %) of the regenerated CNCs. FTIR, XRD and 13C NMR analysis indicated the cellulose structure and polymorph of CNCs. Thermal analysis revealed that the maximum degradation peak of regenerated CNC shifted to a lower temperature. AFM revealed that CNCs exhibited rod-like fiber structures, while AUS-pretreated CNCs exhibited some special spherical fibers. TEMPO oxidation showed an enhancement effect on the characteristics of AUS/T-CNC and DES/T-CNC; DES/T-CNC exhibited higher stability and apparent viscosity than AUS/T-CNC. The DES/T-CNC-based cryogel displayed a higher adsorption capacity for anthocyanin (0.40 g/g) and curcumin (1.09 g/g) with good controlled release capacity. These results indicated that green solvent pretreatment-assisted TEMPO oxidation is a new environmentally friendly and low-cost method for the preparation of CNCs and shows excellent potential in the field of drug loading and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiru Bai
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ciuzas D, Krugly E, Sriubaite S, Pauliukaityte I, Baniukaitiene O, Bulota M, Martuzevicius D. Electrospun cellulose fibers from ionic liquid: Practical implications toward robust morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ciuzas
- Department of Environmental Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Krugly
- Department of Environmental Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Simona Sriubaite
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Pauliukaityte
- Department of Environmental Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Odeta Baniukaitiene
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Bulota
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Dainius Martuzevicius
- Department of Environmental Technology Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Lithuania
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Li K, Wang Y, Chen X, Bin S, Liu Y. Relatively Independent Motion of a Continuous Nanocellulose Network in a Polymer Matrix. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2684-2692. [PMID: 34010561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has been studied extensively in polymer composites as it can be employed as biobased reinforcement for synthetic polymers. However, the challenge to optimize the reinforcing component to consume applied energy as much as possible remains. This is related to the reacting force in the test sample and its extensibility. Prolonging the fracture strain of the material is one of the most effective strategies for such a purpose. The investigation on nanocellulose movement in a polymer matrix could shed light on the nanocellulose reinforcing mechanism's fundamental understanding. In this work, a continuous nanocellulose network was used to prepare nanocellulose/polymer composites. Different from using noncontinuous nanofillers, e.g., cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystal, the regenerated cellulose gel network used in this work could move together with the polymer under an axial signal force, serving as an excellent model advantageous in investigating the movement of nanocellulose in the polymer matrix. The deformation of the nanocellulose in the matrix was able to be evaluated by tracking the fracture strain of the materials. A series of chemical cross-linked nanoporous cellulose hydrogels (CCNCGs) were prepared, and their fracture strain increased first and then decreased as the molar ratio of epichlorohydrin (ECH) to the anhydroglucose unit (AGU) of cellulose increased. Two polymer matrices, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyurethane (PU), were selected to be polymerized in CCNCGs in situ. The fracture strain of CCNCG/PCL and CCNCG/PU nanocomposites in the tensile test showed the same tendency as neat CCNCGs in the hydrated state, regardless of the surrounding environment. The relatively independent motion of the nanocellulose network in the polymer matrix was clearly demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of the nanocellulose's independent motion in the polymer matrix were discussed, implying the potential of independent deformation of the continuous nanocellulose network in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Sun Bin
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
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Cellulose nanocrystals-starch nanocomposites produced by extrusion: Structure and behavior in physiological conditions. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and their Application in the Dissolution of Cellulose. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, several kinds of quaternary ammonium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (QA RTILs) are synthesized by alkylation and ion-exchange reactions for the rapid dissolution of cellulose. The applications of cellulose materials have been limited due to their poor solubility in conventional organic solvents, because of a high degree of structural regularity and a large number of hydrogen bonds. The prepared ionic liquids were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that N,N,N-triethylhexan-1-aminium acetate (N6222OAc), tetrahexylammonium acetate (N6666OAc), and N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexaethyldecane-1,10-diaminium acetate (C10(N222OAc)2) exhibited good cellulose-dissolution without any pretreatment. The regenerated cellulose films with a low degree of crystallization of the cellulose II phase were also prepared easily in this process using N6222OAc due to its polar and small cation. These QA RTILs can be used as non-derivatizing solvents for cellulose and can also be easily recycled because of their thermostable and nonvolatile properties.
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Idström A, Schantz S, Sundberg J, Chmelka BF, Gatenholm P, Nordstierna L. 13C NMR assignments of regenerated cellulose from solid-state 2D NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:480-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Foston M. Advances in solid-state NMR of cellulose. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:176-84. [PMID: 24590189 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-established analytical and enabling technology in biofuel research. Over the past few decades, lignocellulosic biomass and its conversion to supplement or displace non-renewable feedstocks has attracted increasing interest. The application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy has long been seen as an important tool in the study of cellulose and lignocellulose structure, biosynthesis, and deconstruction, especially considering the limited number of effective solvent systems and the significance of plant cell wall three-dimensional microstructure and component interaction to conversion yield and rate profiles. This article reviews common and recent applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy methods that provide insight into the structural and dynamic processes of cellulose that control bulk properties and biofuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Foston
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Kono H, Oeda I, Nakamura T. The preparation, swelling characteristics, and albumin adsorption and release behaviors of a novel chitosan-based polyampholyte hydrogel. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Analysis of crystallinity changes in cellulose II polymers using carbohydrate-binding modules. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Okushita K, Chikayama E, Kikuchi J. Solubilization mechanism and characterization of the structural change of bacterial cellulose in regenerated states through ionic liquid treatment. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1323-30. [PMID: 22489745 DOI: 10.1021/bm300537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A statistical approach was used to characterize the heterogeneous structures of bacterial cellulose samples pretreated with four kinds of ionic liquids (ILs). The structural heterogeneity of these samples was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as solid-state NMR methods such as cross-polarization magic-angle spinning and dipolar-assisted rotational resonance. The obtained data matrices were then evaluated by principal components analysis. The measured 1-D data clearly revealed the modification of crystalline cellulose; in addition, the statistical approach revealed subtle structural changes that occurred upon pretreatment with different kinds of ILs. To investigate whether such regenerated structural changes occurred because of solubilization, we examined the intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effect between cellulose and an IL. Our results clarify how the nucleophilic imidazole is attacked and suggest that the cation of the IL is associated with the collapse of hydrogen bonds in cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Okushita
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 235-0045, Japan
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Hattori T, Ogata M, Kameshima Y, Totani K, Nikaido M, Nakamura T, Koshino H, Usui T. Enzymatic synthesis of cellulose II-like substance via cellulolytic enzyme-mediated transglycosylation in an aqueous medium. Carbohydr Res 2012; 353:22-6. [PMID: 22533921 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of cellulose-like substance via a non-biosynthetic pathway has been achieved by transglycosylation in an aqueous system of the corresponding substrate, cellotriose for cellulolytic enzyme endo-acting endoglucanase I (EG I) from Hypocrea jecorina. A significant amount of water-insoluble product precipitated out from the reaction system. MALDI-TOF mass analysis showed that the resulting precipitate had a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to 16 from cellotriose. Solid-state (13)C NMR spectrum of the resulting water-insoluble product revealed that all carbon resonance lines were assigned to two kinds of anhydroglucose residues in the corresponding structure of cellulose II. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement as well as (13)C NMR analysis showed that the crystal structure corresponds to cellulose II with a high degree of crystallinity. We propose the multiple oligomers form highly crystalline cellulose II as a result of self-assembly via oligomer-oligomer interaction when they precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hattori
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga ward, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Renault M, Cukkemane A, Baldus M. Festkörper-NMR-Spektroskopie an komplexen Biomolekülen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Renault M, Cukkemane A, Baldus M. Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy on Complex Biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8346-57. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sun Y, Lin L. Hydrolysis behavior of bamboo fiber in formic acid reaction system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2253-2259. [PMID: 20112910 DOI: 10.1021/jf903731s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The process of conversion of bamboo fiber into fermentable glucose in the formic acid reaction system was investigated using cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS (13)C NMR), X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that formic acid as an active agent was able to effectively penetrate into the interior space of the cellulose molecules, thus collapsing the rigid crystalline structure and allowing hydrolysis to occur easily in the amorphous zone as well as in the crystalline zone. The bamboo fiber was hydrolyzed using formic acid and 4% hydrochloric acid under mild conditions. The effects of temperature (55-75 degrees C), retention time (0-9 h) and catalyst, the concentration of glucose and the degradation pathway of glucose were analyzed. The main degradation pathway of glucose is that the hydroxyl group on the 2-carbon is protonated and cleaved off. Aluminum iso-propoxide prevented the degradation of glucose, and the acetone promoted the degradation of glucose to levulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
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Sun Y, Zhuang J, Lin L, Ouyang P. Clean conversion of cellulose into fermentable glucose. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:625-32. [PMID: 19409478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the process of conversion of microcrystalline-cellulose into fermentable glucose in the formic acid reaction system using cross polarization/magic angle spinning (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that formic acid as an active agent was able to effectively penetrate into the interior space of the cellulose molecules, thus collapsing the rigid crystalline structure and allowing hydrolysis to occur easily in the amorphous zone as well as in the crystalline zone. The microcrystalline-cellulose was hydrolyzed using formic acid and 4% hydrochloric acid under mild conditions. The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, the ratio of solid to liquid, temperature (55-75 degrees C) and retention time (0-9 h), and the concentration of glucose were analyzed. The hydrolysis velocities of microcrystalline-cellulose were 6.14 x 10(-3) h(-1) at 55 degrees C, 2.94 x 10(-2) h(-1) at 65 degrees C, and 6.84x10(-2) h(-1) at 75 degrees C. The degradation velocities of glucose were 0.01 h(-1) at 55 degrees C, 0.14 h(-1) at 65 degrees C, 0.34 h(-1) at 75 degrees C. The activation energy of microcrystalline-cellulose hydrolysis was 105.61 kJ/mol, and the activation energy of glucose degradation was 131.37 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, China
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Schantz S, Hoppu P, Juppo A. A Solid-State NMR Study of Phase Structure, Molecular Interactions, and Mobility in Blends of Citric Acid and Paracetamol. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1862-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schantz S, Carlsson HT, Andersson T, Erkselius S, Larsson A, Karlsson OJ. Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-ethyl acrylate) latex particles with poly(ethylene glycol) grafts: structure and film formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3590-602. [PMID: 17335252 DOI: 10.1021/la062802z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-based copolymer dispersions were prepared using methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) (MMA/EA = 1:2), and a series of nonionic polymerizable surfactants, i.e., "surfmers" based on poly(ethylene glycol)-(meth)acrylates. The latexes were compared with the behavior of a conventionally stabilized (nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate, NP100 with 84 ethylene oxide units) dispersion with the same MMA-EA composition (PMMAEA). A number of techniques were employed in order to characterize structure, dynamics, and film formation properties: solution/solid-state NMR, dynamic/static light scattering (DLS/SLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile/shear mode dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surfmers were found to be miscible with the MMA-EA copolymer at room temperature, with 46-85 mol % of the reacted surfmer detected at the particle surfaces, and the remaining part buried in the particle bulk. In contrast, the NP100 surfactant formed a separate interphase between the copolymer particles with no mixing detected at room temperature or at 90 degrees C. For a 4.0% dry weight concentration, NP100 phase separated and further crystallized at room temperature over a period of several months. Composition fluctuations related to a limited blockiness on a length scale above approximately 2 nm were detected for PMMAEA particles, whereas the surfmer particles were found to be homogeneous also below this limit. On a particle-particle level, the dispersions tended to form colloidal crystals unless hindered by a broadened particle size distribution or, in the case of PMMAEA, by the action of NP100. Finally, a surface roughness (Rq) master plot was constructed for data above the glass transition temperature (Tg) from Tg + 11 degrees C to Tg + 57 degrees C and compared with the complex shear modulus over 11 frequency decades. Shift factors from the 2 methods obeyed the same Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) temperature dependence, thus connecting the long-time surface flattening process to the rheological behavior of the copolymer.
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Malz F, Yoneda Y, Kawada T, Mereiter K, Kosma P, Rosenau T, Jäger C. Synthesis of methyl 4′-O-methyl-β-d-cellobioside-13C12 from d-glucose-13C6. Part 2: Solid-state NMR studies. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:65-70. [PMID: 17145043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Double Quantum (DQ) NMR, which utilizes the magnetic dipole interaction between the (13)C atoms, was used for the complete assignment of the (13)C NMR resonances to the corresponding carbon ring positions for the monoclinic and triclinic allomorphs of methyl 4'-O-methyl-beta-D-cellobioside-(13)C(12)(1-(13)C(12)), a cellodextrin model compound of cellulose (13)C-perlabeled at the cellobiose core. The through-space interactions were used to identify the direct chemical bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in the rings. More importantly, the (13)C NMR signals of the carbon sites C1' and C4 involved in the glycosidic bond were identified. This allowed for the complete (13)C chemical shift assignment, that when combined with the X-ray crystallography data provides a complete characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Malz
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division I.3, Working Group NMR Spectroscopy, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Das M, Chakraborty D. Influence of alkali treatment on the fine structure and morphology of bamboo fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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