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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ries
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld Germany
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Compatibilizer Polarity Parameters as Tools for Predicting Organoclay Dispersion in Polyolefin Nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1404196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposites give an innovative method to increase the mechanical, thermal, and barrier performance of polymers. However, properly dispersing the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is often key in achieving high performance, especially in the case of hydrophilic nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers. For that purpose, nanoparticles may be functionalized with organic groups to increase their affinity with the polymer matrix. Compatibilizing agents may also be included in the nanocomposite formulation. This paper aims at identifying parameters relative to the compatibilizer polarity that would allow predicting nanoparticle dispersion in the polymer nanocomposite. The analysis used published data on nanocomposite samples combining clay nanoparticles, polyolefins, and various compatibilizing agents. We studied the correlations between the nanoclay exfoliation ratio and five different parameters describing the compatibilizer hydrophilic-lipophilic balance: the acid value, the mole, and weight fraction of polar groups, the number of polymer chain units per polar group, and the number of moles of polar groups per mole of compatibilizer. The best correlation was observed with the number of polymer chain units per polar group in the compatibilizer. This parameter could be used as a tool to predict the dispersion of organoclay nanoparticles in polyolefins. Another important result of the study is that, among the compatibilizers investigated, those with a low acid value provided a better nanoclay exfoliation compared to those with a high acid value. This may indicate the existence of a maximum in the nanoclay exfoliation/compatibilizer polarity curve, which would open new perspectives for nanocomposite performance optimization.
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Türemiş M, Keskin İÇ, Katı Mİ, Kibar R, Şirin K, Çanlı M, Çorumlu V, Çetin A. Optimizing Optical and Structural Properties of Nanocomposites by ZnO and BP-3. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418090315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carbon nanofiber reinforced thermoplastic elastomer based on polypropylene/polybutadiene blend: theoretical modeling of Young’s modulus of the nanocomposites with respect to the orientation and agglomeration of carbon nanofiber. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of the concentration of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on thermoplastic elastomer based on polypropylene/polybutadiene (PP/BR) blend (80/20) prepared by melt blending process was investigated. The morphological properties are reported in combination with the mechanical and rheological properties of the nanocomposites. The dispersion of CNFs examined by transmission electron microscopy shows uniform dispersion of CNFs in the PP matrix. The mechanical performance is found to be in line with the morphological structure observed in scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PP/BR blend increase with an increase of filler content up to 3 wt%. The modified Halpin-Tsai equation that accounts for the effect of orientation and agglomeration of CNF was used to evaluate the Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite. The dynamic rheological analysis in the frequency sweep experiment shows that the introduction of CNF in the PP/BR blend improves the complex viscosity (ƞ*), storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″) in the low-frequency region.
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Asada M, Oshita S, Morishita Y, Nakashima Y, Kunimitsu Y, Kishi H. Effect of miscible PMMA chain length on disordered morphologies in epoxy/PMMA-b-PnBA-b-PMMA blends by in situ simultaneous SAXS/DSC. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang Y, Paris O, Terrill NJ, Gupta HS. Uncovering three-dimensional gradients in fibrillar orientation in an impact-resistant biological armour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26249. [PMID: 27211574 PMCID: PMC4876318 DOI: 10.1038/srep26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex hierarchical structure in biological and synthetic fibrous nanocomposites entails considerable difficulties in the interpretation of the crystallographic texture from diffraction data. Here, we present a novel reconstruction method to obtain the 3D distribution of fibres in such systems. An analytical expression is derived for the diffraction intensity from fibres, explaining the azimuthal intensity distribution in terms of the angles of the three dimensional fibre orientation distributions. The telson of stomatopod (mantis shrimp) serves as an example of natural biological armour whose high impact resistance property is believed to arise from the hierarchical organization of alpha chitin nanofibrils into fibres and twisted plywood (Bouligand) structures at the sub-micron and micron scale. Synchrotron microfocus scanning X-ray diffraction data on stomatopod telson were used as a test case to map the 3D fibre orientation across the entire tissue section. The method is applicable to a range of biological and biomimetic structures with graded 3D fibre texture at the sub-micron and micron length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Material Science, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - O. Paris
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - N. J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, UK
| | - H. S. Gupta
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Material Science, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Lucchetta MC, Morales Arias JP, Mollo M, Bernal CR. Self-reinforced composites based on commercial PP woven fabrics and a random PP copolymer modified with quartz. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Lucchetta
- Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology ITPN, Faculty of Engineering; University of Buenos Aires; Av. Las Heras 2214 C1127AAR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J. P. Morales Arias
- Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology ITPN, Faculty of Engineering; University of Buenos Aires; Av. Las Heras 2214 C1127AAR Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. Mollo
- Centre of Research and Development for the Plastics Industry (INTI-Plastics); Av. Gral. Paz 5445 B1650KNA San Martín Argentina
- Institute of Research and Environmental Engineering (3iA); UNSAM; Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo and Francia (1650) San Martín Argentina
| | - C. R. Bernal
- Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology ITPN, Faculty of Engineering; University of Buenos Aires; Av. Las Heras 2214 C1127AAR Buenos Aires Argentina
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Ma Y, Cong P, Chen H, Huang T, Liu X, Li T. Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Self-Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2015.1061845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ivan'kova E, Kasatkin I, Moskalyuk O, Yudin V, Kenny JM. Structural aspects of mechanical properties of iPP-based composites. I. Composite iPP fibers with VGCF nanofiller. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivan'kova
- Mechanics of Polymers and Composite Materials; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications; Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University; St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - Igor Kasatkin
- Department of Crystallography; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Olga Moskalyuk
- Mechanics of Polymers and Composite Materials; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
- Institute of Information Technology and Automation; Saint Petersburg State University of Technology and Design; St. Petersburg 191186 Russia
| | - Vladimir Yudin
- Mechanics of Polymers and Composite Materials; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
- Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications; Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University; St. Petersburg 195251 Russia
| | - Jose Maria Kenny
- Mechanics of Polymers and Composite Materials; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; St. Petersburg 199004 Russia
- Materials Science and Technology Center; University of Perugia and European Center for Nanostructured Polymers; Terni 05100 Italy
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Wang K, Chen F, Li Z, Fu Q. Control of the hierarchical structure of polymer articles via “structuring” processing. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Isayev AI, Jung C, Gunes K, Kumar R. Ultrasound Assisted Single Screw Extrusion Process for Dispersion of Carbon Nanofibers in Polymers. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel method for the continuous dispersion of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in a polymer matrix for manufacturing high performance nanocomposites was developed using an ultrasonically assisted single screw extrusion process. The effect of ultrasound on die pressure, electrical and thermal conductivity, rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) filled with 1 to 20 wt.% CNFs was studied. A reduction in the die pressure and percolation threshold of CNF/PEI nanocomposites with a permanent increase in the viscosity and a permanent decrease in tan δ was achieved through ultrasonic treatment. Morphological studies of the treated nanocomposites revealed their improved homogeneity leading to an increase of the Young's modulus and electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Isayev
- Institute of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - C. Jung
- Institute of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - K. Gunes
- Institute of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Institute of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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Lee SH, Hahn JR, Ku BC, Kim JK. Effect of Carbon Nanofiber Structure on Crystallization Kinetics of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanofiber Composites. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rangari VK, Shaik YM, Mohammad GM, Jeelani S. Reinforcement of Si3N4 nanoparticles in polypropylene single fibers through melt extrusion process and their properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sharma A, Tripathi B, Vijay Y. Dramatic Improvement in properties of magnetically aligned CNT/polymer nanocomposites. J Memb Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rana S, Alagirusamy R, Joshi M. Mechanical behavior of carbon nanofibre-reinforced epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Deng H, Bilotti E, Zhang R, Peijs T. Effective reinforcement of carbon nanotubes in polypropylene matrices. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
In the last few years, great attention has been paid to the preparation of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to the tremendous enhancement of the mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and structural properties of the pristine material. This is due to the unique combination of structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal transport properties of CNTs. However, it is well-known that the properties of polymer-based nanocomposites strongly depend on the dispersion of nanofillers and almost all the discussed properties of PP/CNTs nanocomposites are strongly related to their microstructure. PP/CNTs nanocomposites were, mainly, prepared by melt mixing and in situ polymerization. Young’s modulus, tensile strength and storage modulus of the PP/CNTs nanocomposites can be increased with increasing CNTs content due to the reinforcement effect of CNTs inside the polymer matrix. However, above a certain CNTs content the mechanical properties are reduced due to the CNTs agglomeration. The microstructure of nanocomposites has been studied mainly by SEM and TEM techniques. Furthermore, it was found that CNTs can act as nucleating agents promoting the crystallization rates of PP and the addition of CNTs enhances all other physical properties of PP. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature related to PP/CNTs nanocomposite preparation methods and properties studies.
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Foster RJ, Hine PJ, Ward IM. The incorporation of carbon nanofibres to enhance the interlayer adhesion of hot compacted single-polymer polypropylene composites. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee S, Jeon YP. Effects of mixing on electrical properties of carbon nanofiber and polymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gunes IS, Cao F, Jana SC. Effect of thermal expansion on shape memory behavior of polyurethane and its nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kausch HH, Michler GH. Effect of nanoparticle size and size-distribution on mechanical behavior of filled amorphous thermoplastic polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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