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Competitive binding and molecular crowding regulate the cytoplasmic interactome of non-viral polymeric gene delivery vectors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6445. [PMID: 34750370 PMCID: PMC8576037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the processes controlling the complexation, targeting and uptake of polycationic gene delivery vectors, the molecular mechanisms regulating their cytoplasmic dissociation remains poorly understood. Upon cytosolic entry, vectors become exposed to a complex, concentrated mixture of molecules and biomacromolecules. In this report, we characterise the cytoplasmic interactome associated with polycationic vectors based on poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(2-methacrylolyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC) brushes. To quantify the contribution of different classes of low molar mass molecules and biomacromolecules to RNA release, we develop a kinetics model based on competitive binding. Our results identify the importance of competition from highly charged biomacromolecules, such as cytosolic RNA, as a primary regulator of RNA release. Importantly, our data indicate the presence of ribosome associated proteins, proteins associated with translation and transcription factors that may underly a broader impact of polycationic vectors on translation. In addition, we bring evidence that molecular crowding modulates competitive binding and demonstrate how the modulation of such interactions, for example via quaternisation or the design of charge-shifting moieties, impacts on the long-term transfection efficiency of polycationic vectors. Understanding the mechanism regulating cytosolic dissociation will enable the improved design of cationic vectors for long term gene release and therapeutic efficacy. Factors controlling release of loaded cargo from polycationic gene delivery vectors are still poorly understood. Here, the authors report on a study of mechanisms of RNA release, highlighting the role of competitive binding, and characterise the interactome associated with vectors upon cytosolic entry.
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Zhang Y, Hu Q, Yang S, Wang T, Sun W, Tong Z. Unique Self-Reinforcing and Rapid Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels with a pH-Induced Shape Memory Effect. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Liming Research & Design Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Qiqian Hu
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shurui Yang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Enterprise Laboratory of Novel Polyamide 6 Functional Fiber Materials Research and Application, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Weixiang Sun
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Enterprise Laboratory of Novel Polyamide 6 Functional Fiber Materials Research and Application, Jiangmen 529100, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Xix-Rodriguez C, Varguez-Catzim P, Alonzo-García A, Rodriguez-Fuentes N, Vázquez-Torres H, González-Diaz A, Aguilar-Vega M, González-Díaz MO. Amphiphilic poly(lactic acid) membranes with low fouling and enhanced hemodiafiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Jalilzadeh N, Samadi N, Salehi R, Dehghan G, Iranshahi M, Dadpour MR, Hamishehkar H. Novel nano-vehicle for delivery and efficiency of anticancer auraptene against colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1606. [PMID: 32005894 PMCID: PMC6994674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to devise, prepare and characterize nano encapsulated auraptene (AUR) and evaluate cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on HT-29 colon cancer cells. Herein, AUR nano formulations were prepared by triblock (PCL-PEG-PCL) and pentablock (PLA-PCL-PEG-PCL-PLA) biodegradable copolymers in order to increase AUR bioavailability as an anticancer agent. The preparation of nano particles (NPs) was done with rotor stator homogenization (RSH) and Ultrasonic homogenization (USH) methods. The physicochemical characteristics of prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were studied using HNMR, FTIR, GPC, DLS and SEM techniques. The smaller hydrodynamic size (110 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI: 0.288) as well as higher cellular uptake (89%) were observed in PB NPs rather than TB NPs. The highest cytotoxic and apoptotic effects were observed in AUR loaded PB NPs compared to AUR loaded TB NPs and free AUR obtained by MTT assay, cell cycle arrest, Annexin V-FITC, DAPI staining and RT-PCR techniques. Real time PCR results indicated that Bax /Bcl2 expression ratio as an apoptosis predicting criterion, in free AUR, AUR loaded TB and AUR loaded PB have increased 6, 9 and 13 times, respectively (p value < 0.05). In conclusion, using biodegradable nano-vehicles for sustained delivery of natural anti-cancer compounds may open new perspectives for treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Samadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Dadpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chowdhury S, Rakshit A, Acharjee A, Saha B. Novel Amphiphiles and Their Applications for Different Purposes with Special Emphasis on Polymeric Surfactants. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chowdhury
- Homogeneous Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment Of ChemistryThe University Of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Atanu Rakshit
- Homogeneous Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment Of ChemistryThe University Of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Homogeneous Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment Of ChemistryThe University Of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104 West Bengal India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Homogeneous Catalysis LaboratoryDepartment Of ChemistryThe University Of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, Pin - 713104 West Bengal India
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Basak U, Ghosh R, Ghosh T, Majumdar S, Pakhira M, Ghosh T, Chatterjee DP. Synthesis of ‘living’ poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and stimuli responsive/multifunctional block copolymers effective in fabrication of CdS ‘smart’ ‘Q-Particles’. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Raffa P, Wever DAZ, Picchioni F, Broekhuis AA. Polymeric Surfactants: Synthesis, Properties, and Links to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8504-63. [PMID: 26182291 DOI: 10.1021/cr500129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Armando Zakarias Wever
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute DPI , P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius A Broekhuis
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mandal P, Choudhury S, Singha NK. Acrylic ABA triblock copolymer bearing pendant reactive bicycloalkenyl functionality via ATRP and tuning its properties using thiol-ene chemistry. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Hu J, Zhang G, Ge Z, Liu S. Stimuli-responsive tertiary amine methacrylate-based block copolymers: Synthesis, supramolecular self-assembly and functional applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Du CH, Ma XM, Wu CJ, Cai MQ, Wu LG. Synthesis of a poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] block copolymer and its effects on the surface charges and pH-responsive properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xu-Min Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Chun-Jin Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Mei-Qiang Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Li-Guang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University; Hangzhou 310018 China
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Praveen L, Saha S, Jewrajka SK, Das A. Self-assembly of modified rhodamine-6G with tri-block copolymer: unusual vesicle formation, pH sensing and dye release properties. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1150-1155. [PMID: 32260837 DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new rhodamine-6G derivative having a C18-alkyl chain self-assembles with an amphiphilic tri-block copolymer and forms stable vesicles in water or in water-ethanol (4 : 1, v/v) medium. The stability of the spirolactam form of the rhodamine-6G derivative in these vesicular structures, along with studies of controlled dye release and pH sensing are discussed. Transmission electron micrographs and DLS analyses confirm the formation of vesicular structures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that the self assembled tri-block copolymer-octadecyl rhodamine vesicles form near spherical nanostructures with a size ranging from 80 to 110 nm. Furthermore, the vesicular system is disassembled under acidic conditions, releasing the cargo which are an integral part of the vesicle. Dye-release studies showed that the release rates of the loaded dye in the vesicles could be well-controlled as a function of the media pH. These results offer an opportunity to use these nanovesicles as imaging reagents for probing media pH with their simultaneous use as nanocarriers for intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Praveen
- Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India.
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13
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He W, Jiang H, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Atom transfer radical polymerization of hydrophilic monomers and its applications. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Zeng J, Du P, Liu P. One-pot self-assembly directed fabrication of biocompatible core cross-linked polymeric micelles as a drug delivery system. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Muppalla R, Jewrajka SK, Prasad K. Self-assembly of model graft copolymers of agarose and weak polyelectrolyte-based amphiphilic diblock copolymers: Controlled drug release and degradation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lin Y, Zheng Z, Hogen-Esch TE, Ling J, Shen Z. Well-defined novel fluorene-containing polymers: synthesis, fluorescent properties, and micellar nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 390:105-13. [PMID: 23089592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a new monomer, 9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl methyl methacrylate (FMMA) and its controlled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) homopolymerization to give PFMMA with narrow polydispersity indices (PDIs). The corresponding copolymerization with 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) also gave well-defined block and random copolymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow PDIs. Their thermal behavior, UV-Vis absorption, and photoluminescent properties were studied. The PDMAEMA-b-PFMMA amphiphilic block copolymers showed self-assembly into aqueous spherical micellar nanoparticles with uniform size. The PFMMA core showed photoluminescence when carrying dichloromethane "guest" molecules and its emission was shown to be quenched after the release of the guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Haloi DJ, Ata S, Singha NK, Jehnichen D, Voit B. Acrylic AB and ABA block copolymers based on poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) (PEHA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) via ATRP. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4200-4207. [PMID: 22834708 DOI: 10.1021/am300915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic block copolymers have several advantages over conventional styrenic block copolymers, because of the presence of a saturated backbone and polar pendant groups. This investigation reports the preparation and characterization of di- and triblock copolymers (AB and ABA types) of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A series of block copolymers, PEHA-block-PMMA(AB diblock) and PMMA-block-PEHA-block-PMMA(ABA triblock) were prepared via ATRP at 90 °C using CuBr as catalyst in combination with N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyl diethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as ligand and acetone as additive. The chemical structure of the macroinitiators and molar composition of block copolymers were characterized by (1)H NMR analysis, and molecular weights of the polymers were analyzed by GPC analysis. DSC analysis showed two glass transition temperatures (T(g)), indicating formation of two domains, which was corroborated by AFM analysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of AB and ABA block copolymers showed scattering behavior inside the measuring limits indicating nanophase separation. However, SAXS pattern of AB diblock copolymers indicated general phase separation only, whereas for ABA triblock copolymer an ordered or mixed morphology could be deduced, which is assumed to be the reason for the better mechanical properties achieved with ABA block copolymers than with the AB analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba J Haloi
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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Dutertre F, Boyron O, Charleux B, Chassenieux C, Colombani O. Transforming Frozen Self-Assemblies of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Into Dynamic pH-Sensitive Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:753-9. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kim EH, Kim BS, Jung KS, Kim JG, Paik HJ. Synthesis of Well-Defined Block Copolymer Dispersants with (2-Dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate and Oligo(ethylene oxide)methyl Ether Methacrylate via ATRP for Dispersing Copper Phthalocyanine Pigment. POLYMER KOREA 2012. [DOI: 10.7317/pk.2012.36.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Yi Z, Zhu L, Cheng L, Zhu B, Xu Y. A readily modified polyethersulfone with amino-substituted groups: Its amphiphilic copolymer synthesis and membrane application. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Xiao G, Hu Z, Zeng G, Wang Y, Huang Y, Hong X, Xia B, Zhang G. Effect of hydrophilic chain length on the aqueous solution behavior of block amphiphilic copolymers PMMA-b-PDMAEMA. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zhang H, Sun B, Chen Y, Wang J. Synthesis of Y-shaped poly(N
,N
-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) from a new heterofunctional initiator. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kalasin S, Martwiset S, Coughlin EB, Santore MM. Particle capture via discrete binding elements: systematic variations in binding energy for randomly distributed nanoscale surface features. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:16865-16870. [PMID: 20961162 DOI: 10.1021/la103023t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work examines how the binding strength of surface-immobilized "stickers" (representative of receptors or, in nonbiological systems, chemical heterogeneities) influences the adhesion between surfaces that are otherwise repulsive. The study focuses on a series of surfaces designed with fixed average adhesive energy per unit area and demonstrates quantitatively how a redistribution of the adhesive functionality into progressively larger clusters (stronger stickers) increases the probability of adhesive events. The work employs an electrostatic model system: relatively uniform, negative 1 μm silica spheres flow gently over negative silica flats. The flats contain small amounts of randomly positioned nanoscale cationic patches. The silica-silica interaction is repulsive; however, the cationic patches (present at sufficiently low levels that the overall surface charge remains substantially negative) produce local attractions. In this study, the attractions are relatively weak so that multiple patches engage to capture flowing particles. Experiments reveal an adhesion signature characteristic of a renormalized random distribution when the sticker strength is increased at an overall fixed binding strength per unit area of surface. The form of the particle capture curves are in good quantitative agreement with a simple model that assumes only a fixed adhesion energy needed for particle capture. Aside from the quantitative details that provide a simple formalism for anticipating particle adhesion, this work demonstrates how increasing the heterogeneities in the surface functionality can cause a system to go from being nonadhesive to becoming strongly adhesive. Indeed, systems containing small amounts of discretized adhesive functionality are always more adhesive than systems in which the same functionality is distributed uniformly over the surface (the mean field scenario).
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachate Kalasin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governor's Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Li M, Li GL, Zhang Z, Li J, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Self-assembly of pH-responsive and fluorescent comb-like amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous media. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Kumar M, Singh S, Shahi VK. Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) based anion-exchange membranes in aqueous media. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:198-206. [PMID: 19938844 DOI: 10.1021/jp9082079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxide anion conducting polymer membranes also termed as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are recently becoming important materials for electrochemical technology, alkaline fuel cells, and electrolyzers. In this work, the preparation procedure for AEMs based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and copolymer of poly(acrylonitrile (PAN)-dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) (DMAEMA) with strongly basic quaternary ammonium in aqueous media has been reported. This simplified procedure avoids the use of chloromethyl methyl ether (CME), a carcinogen that is harmful to human health, generally used for chloromethylation during AEM preparation. Developed AEMs were extensively characterized by studying physicochemical and electrochemical properties, to assess their suitability for electrodialytic ion separation. These membranes were designed to possess all the required properties of a highly anion conductive membrane such as reasonable water uptake, good ion-exchange capacity (1.18 mequiv g(-1)), high permselectivity (0.90), along with reasonable conductivity (3.45 mS cm(-1)) due to quaternary ammonium group functionality. The membrane conductivity values in conjunction with solution conductivity have been used for the estimation of the isoconductivity point, considering the membrane as a combination of the gel phase and integral phase. Electroosmotic studies revealed quite low mass drag and equivalent pore radius (2.7-4.0 A) of the membrane, which are also desirable properties of an AEM. The excellent electrotransport property of AEM-70 for practical anion separation was concluded from i-v studies. Electrodialytic performance of the AEM-70 membrane revealed its suitability for applications in electromembrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Kumar
- Electro-Membrane Processes Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002 (Gujarat), India
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Huang C, Tassone T, Woodberry K, Sunday D, Green DL. Impact of ATRP initiator spacer length on grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) from silica nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13351-13360. [PMID: 19874039 DOI: 10.1021/la901918v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the impact of the carbon spacer length (CSL) of immobilized alkoxysilanes initiators on grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from the surfaces of monodisperse silica nanoparticles. PMMA was grafted using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), a facile technique to produce well-controlled polymer brushes. The polymerizations were carried out in environmentally friendly 4:1 (v/v) methanol-water solutions at room temperature. Monoethoxysilane initiators of 3, 11, and 15 carbon spacer lengths were synthesized and characterized with (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The initiators were then used to modify the surfaces of monodisperse silica nanoparticles in methyl isobutyl ketone, producing dense initiator monolayers with site densities between 1.8-3.6 initiators/nm(2). PMMA was subsequently grafted from the functionalized nanoparticles using both CuCl and CuBr catalysts. We found that polymerizations performed with CuBr were uncontrolled, whereas those with CuCl were controlled. PMMA graft densities ranged between 0.10-0.43 polymers/nm(2), which increased with the initiator carbon spacer length (CSL). Interestingly, longer CSLs make nanoparticle surfaces hydrophobic, causing nanoparticle aggregation in methanol-water solutions. Our results indicate that surface hydrophobicity correlates to increases in PMMA graft density through the adsorption of hydrophobic MMA monomers on initiators with longer CSLs. Thus, to augment PMMA graft densities, a subtle balance must be struck between enabling particle stability and increasing MMA adsorption in methanol-water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinlun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Nurmi L, Holappa S, Nykänen A, Laine J, Ruokolainen J, Seppälä J. Ultra-thin films of cationic amphiphilic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) based block copolymers as surface wettability modifiers. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Basu S, Chatterjee DP, Chatterjee U, Mondal S, Mandal D. Fluorescence probing of block copolymeric micelles using Coumarin 153. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Chen WX, Fan XD, Huang Y, Liu YY, Sun L. Synthesis and characterization of a pentaerythritol-based amphiphilic star block copolymer and its application in controlled drug release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mandal D, Hosoi H, Chatterjee U, Tahara T. Direct observation of time-dependent photoluminescence spectral shift in CdS nanoparticles synthesized in polymer solutions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:034902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Amphiphilic polystyrene-graft-poly(N,N-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) hydrogels synthesized via room temperature ATRP: Studies on swelling behaviour and dye sorption. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chatterjee U, Jewrajka SK. Synthesis of block copolymer-stabilized Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles and fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate)/Au–Ag nanocomposite film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 313:717-23. [PMID: 17574566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
[Poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)]-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-[poly(2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (M(n)=45,000; 20K-5K-20K; PDI = 1.2) block copolymer surfactant stabilized amphiphilic gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (Au-Ag(PDMA-b-PMMA-b-PDMA)) has been synthesized in both water and in organic medium. The block copolymer stabilized pre-made alloy nanoparticles were successfully dispersed in hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymer matrix (PMMA) of molecular weight 30,000. The successful synthesis of alloy nanoparticles was accessed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersed X-ray (EDX), and UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. The surface functionality of the nanoparticles was confirmed by quantitative determining the grafting density of polymer chain around the nanoparticle surface using combination of thermo gravimetric (TGA) and TEM analysis. The hydrodynamic diameter of the alloy particles including the polymer chains was obtained from dynamic light scattering measurement (DLS). The mechanism of synthesis of high concentration of Au-Ag alloy particles from HAuCl(4) and AgNO(3) (in presence of Cl(-) from reduction of gold salt) metal particles precursors and the successful preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate)/gold-silver nanocomposite films have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Chatterjee
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chan SC, Kuo SW, Lu CH, Lee HF, Chang FC. Syntheses and characterizations of the multiple morphologies formed by the self-assembly of the semicrystalline P4VP-b-PCL diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mandal D, Chatterjee U. Synthesis and spectroscopy of CdS nanoparticles in amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:134507. [PMID: 17430047 DOI: 10.1063/1.2714553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers with the same hydrophilic but different hydrophobic blocks were used as stabilizing agents to prepare cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions containing 5% of different nonaqueous solvents: methanol, THF, and acetone. Nearly spherical nanoparticles with a fair degree of monodispersity and quantum yields of 1.5%-2% were obtained. Optical absorption band edge of the CdS nanoparticles shows a >0.5 eV blueshift compared to that of bulk CdS, indicating a high degree of quantum confinement. The absorption spectra, while insensitive to the nature of the hydrophobic blocks, exhibited a clear dependence on the nature of the minor, nonaqueous solvents. The photoluminescence in all cases was broad and redshifted, indicating a predominance of surface trap-state emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrates that the trap states are populated within the first 500 fs, followed by decay with a broad range of time constants from 0.1 to >10 ns, low energy traps decaying at a slower rate than high-energy ones. Time-resolved photoluminescence anisotropy revealed that the nanoparticles experience a local microviscosity very similar to that of bulk water. The experimental observations suggest that nanoparticle formation takes place predominantly in the hydrophilic corona region of the micelles, around specific points with high local concentration of the Cd+2-coordinating basic amine groups of hydrophilic block and/or the minor, nonaqueous solvent component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India.
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Semsarzadeh MA, Rostami Daronkola MR, Abdollahi M. Kinetic Study of Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization of Methyl Acrylate and Methyl Methacrylate Initiated with Poly(vinyl acetate) Macroinitiator. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701424230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tung PH, Kuo SW, Chen SC, Lin CL, Chang FC. Micellar morphologies of self-associated diblock copolymers in acetone solution. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu X, Zhang G, Shi T, Han Y, An L. Synthesis of symmetric H-shaped block copolymer by the combination of ATRP and living anionic polymerization. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Amin A. Amphiphilic Star Homo‐ and Block Copolymers of 2‐(dimethylamino) Ethyl‐Methacrylate via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320601077542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang N, Guo SR, Li HQ, Liu L, Li ZH, Gu JR. Synthesis of Three Types of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly(sebacic anhydride) Copolymers and Studies of their Micellar Solutions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yu X, Shi T, Zhang G, An L. Synthesis of asymmetric H-shaped block copolymer by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and living anionic polymerization. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jewrajka SK, Chatterjee U. Block copolymer mediated synthesis of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles in water and an aqueous tetrahydrofuran medium: An approach for the preparation of polymer–gold nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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