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Jariyavidyanont K, Schick C, Androsch R. Reorganization of Poly(Butylene Succinate) Containing Crystals of Low Stability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400273. [PMID: 38876477 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) forms small and imperfect crystals of low melting temperature at high supercooling of the melt. Slow heating allows reorganization of the obtained semicrystalline structure with the changes of the crystallinity and of the size and perfection of crystals analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-resolved X-ray scattering techniques. Crystals generated at 20 °C begin to melt and reorganize at a few K higher temperature with their initial imperfection and thickness unchanged upon heating to 70-80 °C. Slow heating to temperatures higher than 70-80 °C yields a distinct exothermic peak in the DSC scan, paralleled by detection of crystals of larger size/higher perfection, beginning to melt at ≈100 °C. These observations suggest that below 70-80 °C, reorganization of the semicrystalline morphology is constrained such that only minor and local improvement of the structure of crystals are possible. The formation of both perfect and thicker crystal lamellae at higher temperature proceeds via melting of imperfect crystals followed by melt-recrystallization as for PBS solid-state thickening is impossible. The study shows the limit of low-temperature reorganization processes when not involving both complete melting of crystals and rearrangement of the lamellar-stack structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalee Jariyavidyanont
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Christoph Schick
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics & Competence Centre CALOR, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle/Saale, Germany
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2
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Thomsen TB, Radmer TS, Meyer AS. Enzymatic degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET): Identifying the cause of the hypersensitive enzyme kinetic response to increased PET crystallinity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 173:110353. [PMID: 37979402 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution poses a significant environmental challenge, with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) being a major contributor due to its extensive use in single use applications such as plastic bottles and other packaging material. Enzymatic degradation of PET offers a promising solution for PET recycling, but the enzyme kinetics in relation to the degree of crystallinity (XC) of the PET substrate are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the hypersensitive enzyme kinetic response on PET at XC from ∼8.5-12% at 50 °C using the benchmark PET hydrolysing enzyme LCCICCG. We observed a substantial reduction in the maximal enzymatic reaction rate (invVmax) with increasing XC, corresponding to a 3-fold reduction in invVmax when the XC of PET increased from 8.6% to 12.2%. The kinetic analysis revealed that the level of the Mobile Amorphous Fraction (XMAF) was a better descriptor for the enzymatic degradation rate response than XC (or (100%-XC)). By continuous monitoring of the enzymatic reaction progress, we quantified the lag phase prolongation in addition to the steady-state kinetic rates (vss) of the reactions and found that the duration of the lag phase of a reaction could be predicted from the vss and XC by multiple linear regression modeling. The linear correlation between the duration of the lag phase and the vss of the enzymatic PET degradation affirmed that the LCCICCG worked via a random/endo-type enzymatic attack pattern. The longer lag phase at increased XC of PET is proposed to be due to increased substrate entanglement density as well as unproductive enzyme binding to the crystalline regions of PET. The findings enhance our understanding of PET enzymatic degradation kinetics and its dependence on substrate composition, i.e., XMAF and XC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Bach Thomsen
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tobias S Radmer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Thomsen TB, Almdal K, Meyer AS. Significance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate crystallinity on enzymatic degradation. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:162-172. [PMID: 37939899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline plastic polyester material with a global production volume of 83 Mt/year. PET is mainly used in textiles, but also widely used for packaging materials, notably plastic bottles, and is a major contributor to environmental plastic waste accumulation. Now that enzymes have been demonstrated to catalyze PET degradation, new options for sustainable bio-recycling of PET materials via enzymatic catalysis have emerged. The enzymatic degradation rate is strongly influenced by the properties of PET, notably the degree of crystallinity, XC. The higher the XC of the PET material, the slower the enzymatic rate. Crystallization of PET, resulting in increased XC, is induced thermally (via heating) and/or mechanically (via stretching), and the XC of most PET plastic bottles and microplastics exceeds what currently known enzymes can readily degrade. The enzymatic action occurs at the surface of the insoluble PET material and improves when the polyester chain mobility increases. The chain mobility increases drastically when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature, Tg, which is ∼40 °C at the surface layer of PET. Since PET crystallization starts at 70 °C, the ideal temperature for enzymatic degradation is just below 70 °C to balance high chain mobility and enzymatic reaction activation without inducing crystal formation. This paper reviews the current understanding on the properties of PET as an enzyme substrate and summarizes the most recent knowledge of how the crystalline and amorphous regions of PET form, and how the XC and the Tg impact the efficiency of enzymatic PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Bach Thomsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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4
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Standardized method for controlled modification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) crystallinity for assaying PET degrading enzymes. MethodsX 2022; 9:101815. [PMID: 36039192 PMCID: PMC9418548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a polyester plastic, which is widely used, notably as a material for single-use plastic bottles. Its accumulation in the environment now poses a global pollution threat. A number of enzymes are active on PET providing new options for industrial biorecycling of PET materials. The enzyme activity is strongly affected by the degree of PET crystallinity (XC), and the XC is therefore a relevant factor to consider in enzyme catalyzed PET recycling. Here, we present a new experimental methodology, based on systematic thermal annealing for controlled preparation of PET disks having different XC, to allow systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of PET degrading enzymes at different degrees of PET substrate crystallinity. We discuss the theory of PET crystallinity and compare PET crystallinity data measured by differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.•This study introduces a simple method for controlling the crystallinity of PET samples via annealing in a heat block.•The present methodology is not limited to the analytical methods included in the methods details.
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Majerczak K, Wadkin‐Snaith D, Magueijo V, Mulheran P, Liggat J, Johnston K. Polyhydroxybutyrate: a review of experimental and simulation studies on the effect of fillers on crystallinity and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majerczak
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Wadkin‐Snaith
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - Vitor Magueijo
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - Paul Mulheran
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - John Liggat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
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6
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Chen B, Torkelson JM. Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
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7
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Lee JH, Mahmood SH, Pin JM, Li R, Lee PC, Park CB. Determination of CO 2 solubility in semi-crystalline polylactic acid with consideration of rigid amorphous fraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:274-283. [PMID: 35120942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to phase heterogeneity in semi-crystalline polymers, accurate determination of gas solubility has been a challenge. In this regard, PLA/CO2 was used as a case study to investigate the parameters governing formation of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) and its effect on the gas sorption behavior of the polymer. Six samples with different degrees of RAF were prepared through varying PLA tacticity and thermal history. Then, a gravimetric method involving a magnetic suspension balance and an in-house PVT visualization system was employed to experimentally determine the CO2 solubility at 70 °C under a pressure of 4.5 MPa. Furthermore, a theoretical CO2 solubility was calculated based on the Simha-Somcynski equation of state and was used in conjunction with the two-phase and three-phase models to describe the phase dependency of the gas solubility. The conventional two-phase model that considered the bulk amorphous phase consistently over-approximated the CO2 solubility compared to the measured data. On the other hand, the three-phase model that distinguished the rigid and the mobile amorphous phases well represented the experimental result. The analysis yielded CO2 solubility coefficients of 0.0375 ggas/gpoly for the RAF and 0.0817 ggas/gpoly for the mobile counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - S Hassan Mahmood
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jean-Mathieu Pin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ruosong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Patrick C Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada.
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8
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Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation by Homogeneous Crystal Nuclei in Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid) Foaming. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Lionetto F, Esposito Corcione C, Rizzo A, Maffezzoli A. Production and Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3745. [PMID: 34771306 PMCID: PMC8587476 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution represents one of the biggest environmental problems that is further exacerbated by the continuous degradation in the marine environment of MPs to nanoplastics (NPs). The most diffuse plastics in oceans are commodity polymers, mainly thermoplastics widely used for packaging, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, the huge interest in the chemical vector role of micro/nanoplastics, their fate and negative effects on the environment and human health is still under discussion and the research is still sparse due also to the difficulties of sampling MPs and NPs from the environment or producing NPs in laboratory. Moreover, the research on MPs and NPs pollution relies on the availability of engineered nanoparticles similar to those present in the marine environment for toxicological, transport and adsorption studies in biological tissues as well as for wastewater remediation studies. This work aims to develop an easy, fast and scalable procedure for the production of representative model nanoplastics from PET pellets. The proposed method, based on a simple and economic milling process, has been optimized considering the peculiarities of the polymer. The results demonstrated the reliability of the method for preparing particle suspensions for aquatic microplastic research, with evident advantages compared to the present literature procedures, such as low cost, the absence of liquid nitrogen, the short production time, the high yield of the process, stability, reproducibility and polydisperse size distribution of the produced water dispersed nanometric PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lionetto
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC—Istituto di Nanotecnologia, c/o Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Maffezzoli
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (C.E.C.); (A.M.)
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10
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Rigid amorphous fraction and crystallinity in cold-crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene: Characterization by differential scanning calorimetry. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Androsch R, Toda A, Furushima Y, Schick C. Insertion‐Crystallization‐Induced Low‐Temperature Annealing Peaks in Melt‐Crystallized Poly(
l
‐Lactic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer‐oriented Research in Natural Sciences Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Saale Halle 06099 Germany
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima 739‐8521 Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Furushima
- Materials Characterization Laboratories Toray Research Center Inc. 3–7, Sonoyama 3‐chome Otsu Shiga 520‐8567 Japan
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR University of Rostock Rostock 18051 Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University 18 Kremlyovskaya Street Kazan 420008 Russia
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12
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Wang W, Fenni SE, Ma Z, Righetti MC, Cangialosi D, Di Lorenzo ML, Cavallo D. Glass transition and aging of the rigid amorphous fraction in polymorphic poly(butene-1). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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14
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Wang F, Liu H, Li Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu X. Tunable Biodegradable Polylactide-Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Fabricated by a Solvent-Free Pressure-Controllable Foaming Technology. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8795-8807. [PMID: 35019555 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) and silk fibroin (SF) are biocompatible green macromolecular materials with tunable structures and properties. In this study, microporous PLA/SF composites were fabricated under different pressures by a green solid solvent-free foaming technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the PLA/SF scaffolds. The crystalline, mobile amorphous phases and rigid amorphous phases in PLA/SF composites were calculated to further understand their structure-property relations. It was found that an increase in pore density and a decrease in pore size can be achieved by increasing the saturation pressure during the foaming process. In addition, changes in the microcellular structure provided PLA/SF scaffolds with better thermal stability, tunable biodegradation rates, and mechanical properties. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated strong hydrogen bonds were formed between PLA and SF molecules, which can be tuned by changing the foaming pressure. The composite scaffolds have good cell compatibility and are conducive to cell adhesion and growth, suggesting that PLA/SF microporous scaffolds could be used as three-dimensional (3-D) biomaterials with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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15
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Monnier X, Cavallo D, Righetti MC, Di Lorenzo ML, Marina S, Martin J, Cangialosi D. Physical Aging and Glass Transition of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Poly( l-lactic acid). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council - Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA Italy
| | - Sara Marina
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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16
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Schick C, Androsch R. The Origin of Annealing Peaks in Semicrystalline Polymers: Enthalpy Recovery or Melting? Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Department Life, Light & Matter, Competence Center °CALOR, University of Rostock, Rostock 18051, Germany
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences (IWE TFN), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale 06099, Germany
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17
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Schawe JEK, Wrana C. Competition between Structural Relaxation and Crystallization in the Glass Transition Range of Random Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081778. [PMID: 32784476 PMCID: PMC7465651 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural relaxation in polymers occurs at temperatures in the glass transition range and below. At these temperatures, crystallization is controlled by diffusion and nucleation. A sequential occurrence of structural relaxation, nucleation, and crystallization was observed for several homopolymers during annealing in the range of the glass transition. It is known from the literature that all of these processes are strongly influenced by geometrical confinements. The focus of our work is copolymers, in which the confinements are caused by the random sequence of monomer units in the polymer chain. We characterize the influence of these confinements on structure formation and relaxation in the vicinity of the glass transition. The measurements were performed with a hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene copolymer (HNBR). The kinetics of the structural relaxation and the crystallization was measured using fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC). This technique was selected because of the high sensitivity, the fast cooling rates, and the high time resolution. Crystallization in HNBR causes a segregation of non-crystallizable segments in the macromolecule. This yields a reduction in mobility in the vicinity of the formed crystals and as a consequence an increased amount of so-called "rigid amorphous fraction" (RAF). The RAF can be interpreted as self-assembled confinements, which limit and control the crystallization. An analysis of the crystallization and the relaxation shows that the kinetic of both is identical. This means that the Kohlrausch exponent of relaxation and the Avrami exponent of crystallization are identical. Therefore, the crystallization is not controlled by nucleation but by diffusion and is terminated by the formation of RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen E. K. Schawe
- Mettler-Toledo GmbH—Analytical, Heuwinkelstrasse 3, 8606 Nänikon, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Claus Wrana
- Compounds AG, Barzloostrasse 1, 8330 Pfäffikon, Switzerland;
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18
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Li Y, Makita Y, Zhang G, Rui G, Li ZM, Zhong GJ, Miyoshi T, Huang HD, Zhu L. Effects of Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Lamellar Crystal Orientation on Electrical Insulation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Yuta Makita
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Guanchun Rui
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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19
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Structuring poly (lactic acid) film with excellent tensile toughness through extrusion blow molding. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Androsch R, Jariyavidyanont K, Schick C. Enthalpy Relaxation of Polyamide 11 of Different Morphology Far Below the Glass Transition Temperature. ENTROPY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7514315 DOI: 10.3390/e21100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide 11 (PA 11) samples of different supermolecular structure, including the crystal-free glass and semi-crystalline PA 11 of largely different semi-crystalline morphology, were prepared by fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC). These samples were then annealed at different temperatures well below the glass transition temperature Tg. The main purpose of the low-temperature annealing experiments was the calorimetric detection of mobility of chain segments at temperatures as low as −40 °C (≈Tg − 80 K) where still excellent impact resistance is predicted. It was found that annealing PA 11 at such low temperature, regardless the thermal history and supermolecular structure including crystallinity as well as crystal shape and size, permits distinct enthalpy relaxation at rather short time scale with the structural changes reverting on subsequent heating as detected with pronounced sub-Tg-enthalpy-recovery peaks. The main glass transition, associated to large-amplitude segmental mobility, as well as relaxations at temperatures only slightly below Tg are even more distinctly sensitive to the crystal morphology. In contrast to spherulitically grown lamellar crystals, presence of high-specific-surface area nanometer-sized ordered domains causes a shift of the glass transition temperature of the amorphous phase to higher temperature, proving stronger coupling of ordered and amorphous phases than in case of lamellae. In addition, the increased coupling of the crystalline and amorphous phases slows down the cooperative rearrangements on annealing the glass slightly below Tg. The performed study contributes to further understanding of the spectrum of structural relaxations in PA 11 including the effect of presence of crystals. Enthalpy relaxation and consequently the reduction of entropy at temperatures slightly below Tg strongly depends on the semi-crystalline morphology, while an only minor effect is seen on low-temperature annealing at Tg − 80 K, possibly indicating different molecular mechanisms for the processes occurring in both temperature ranges. The low-temperature process even seems proceeding in the crystalline fraction of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Katalee Jariyavidyanont
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23–24, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
- Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
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21
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Ge Q, Ding L, Zhang C, Wu T, Yang F, Xiang M. The effect of microstructure on the toughness of polypropylene random copolymer. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Jiang Z, Liu P, Sue HJ, Bremner T. Effect of annealing on the viscoelastic behavior of poly(ether-ether-ketone). POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Menager C, Guigo N, Martino L, Sbirrazzuoli N, Visser H, Boyer SA, Billon N, Monge G, Combeaud C. Strain induced crystallization in biobased Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF); conditions for appearance and microstructure analysis. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Di Lorenzo ML, Righetti MC. Crystallization-induced formation of rigid amorphous fraction. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council; Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, c/o Comprensorio Olivetti; Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council; Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes; Pisa Italy
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25
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Xi Z, Liu T, Si W, Bi F, Xu Z, Zhao L. High-efficiency acetaldehyde removal during solid-state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Ozcan S, Kaner P, Thomas D, Cebe P, Asatekin A. Hydrophobic Antifouling Electrospun Mats from Zwitterionic Amphiphilic Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18300-18309. [PMID: 29658698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A porous material that is both hydrophobic and fouling-resistant is needed in many applications, such as water purification by membrane distillation. In this work, we take a novel approach to fabricating such membranes. Using the zwitterionic amphiphilic copolymer poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate- random-sulfobetaine methacrylate), we electrospin nonwoven, porous membranes that combine high hydrophobicity with resistance to protein adsorption. By changing the electrospinning parameters and the solution composition, membranes can be prepared with a wide range of fiber morphologies including beaded, bead-free, wrinkly, and ribbonlike fibers, with diameters ranging between ∼150 nm and 1.5 μm. The addition of LiCl to the spinning solution not only helps control the fiber morphology but also increases the segregation of zwitterionic groups on the membrane surface. The resultant electrospun membranes are highly porous and very hydrophobic, yet resist the adsorption of proteins and retain a high contact angle (∼140°) even after exposure to a protein solution. This makes these materials promising candidates for the membrane distillation of contaminated wastewater streams and as self-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefika Ozcan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Tufts University , 4 Colby Street , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology , Middle East Technical University , 06800 Ankara , Turkey
| | - Papatya Kaner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Tufts University , 4 Colby Street , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - David Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Tufts University , 574 Boston Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Tufts University , 574 Boston Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Ayse Asatekin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Tufts University , 4 Colby Street , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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27
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Sangroniz A, Chaos A, Iriarte M, del Río J, Sarasua JR, Etxeberria A. Influence of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Crystallinity on Polylactide Transport Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Sangroniz
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Chaos
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Marian Iriarte
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Javier del Río
- Department of Material Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- POLYMAT, Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agustin Etxeberria
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
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28
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Martín J, Stingelin N, Cangialosi D. Direct Calorimetric Observation of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction in a Semiconducting Polymer. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:990-995. [PMID: 29420893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of polymeric semiconductors is profoundly affected by the thermodynamic state of its crystalline and amorphous fractions and how they affect the optoelectronic properties. While intense research has been conducted on the crystalline features, fundamental understanding of the amorphous fraction(s) is still lacking. Here, we employ fast scanning calorimetry to provide insights on the glass transition of the archetypal conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). According to the conceptual definition of the glass transition temperature (Tg), that is, the temperature marking the crossover from the melt in metastable equilibrium to the nonequilibrium glass, an enthalpy relaxation should be observed by calorimetry when the glass is aged below Tg. Thus, we are able to identify the enthalpy relaxations of mobile and rigid amorphous fractions (MAF and RAF, respectively) of P3HT and to determine their respective Tg. Our work moreover highlights that the RAF should be included in structural models when establishing structure/property interrelationships of polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering and School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
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29
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Schneider H, Saalwächter K, Roos M. Complex Morphology of the Intermediate Phase in Block Copolymers and Semicrystalline Polymers As Revealed by 1H NMR Spin Diffusion Experiments. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Horst Schneider
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Roos
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4208, United States
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30
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Miranda DF, Zhang S, Runt J. Controlling Crystal Microstructure To Minimize Loss in Polymer Dielectrics. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Miranda
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shihai Zhang
- PolyK Technologies,
LLC, 2124 Old Gatesburg Road, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - James Runt
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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31
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Yao SF, Chen XT, Ye HM. Investigation of Structure and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(butylene succinate) by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9476-9485. [PMID: 28933548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The detailed structure and crystallization behavior of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and other methods systematically. For the first time, we confirmed that the C═O stretching modes of PBS can respond to three distinguish absorption bands in the FTIR spectrum, at around 1736, 1720, and 1714 cm-1 respectively. The 1736 cm-1 band is adopted as the stretching mode of C═O groups in free amorphous fraction (MAF); the 1714 cm-1 band which is relevant to more stable structure, displays more anisotropic in polarized FTIR spectra, and has been confirmed as stretching vibrations of hydrogen-bonded C═O groups in the crystalline phase. The 1720 cm-1 band is linked to crystallization but comes from less ordered structure. Moreover, the 1720 cm-1 band can be destroyed prior to 1714 cm-1 band during heating and constructed behind 1714 cm-1 band during cooling. Thus, the 1720 cm-1 band is reasonably ascribed to the C═O groups in rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) or intermediate phase which locates between MAF and crystalline phase. The corresponding investigation by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) further supports that the three particular C═O absorption bands indeed reveal the typical three-phase structure for PBS. More important, the FTIR spectrum of PBS is very sensitive to sample preparation process and measurement mode. The relative content of each band depends on the crystallization temperature (Tc) and measured thickness. The higher Tc, the more RAF content appears when measured at room temperature; the thinner penetration thickness of FTIR measurement, the less RAF content can be detected, and the penetration thickness-dependent behavior is suggested as the result of higher mobility of chains in the air/bulk surface. Additionally, the particular three absorption bands of C═O groups in PBS force us to carefully reconsider previous reports on structure and interaction state obtained by FTIR spectroscopy in PBS and its composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum , 102249 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum , 102249 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Mu Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum , 102249 Beijing, P. R. China
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32
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33
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Monnier X, Chevalier L, Esposito A, Fernandez-Ballester L, Saiter A, Dargent E. Local and segmental motions of the mobile amorphous fraction in semi-crystalline polylactide crystallized under quiescent and flow-induced conditions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Xia T, Xi Z, Liu T, Zhao L. Solid state foaming of poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on periodical CO 2 -renewing sorption process. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Zhu Y, Pyda M, Cebe P. Electrospun fibers of poly(
l
‐lactic acid) containing lovastatin with potential applications in drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhe Zhu
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCenter for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts UniversityMedford Massachusetts02155
| | - Marek Pyda
- Chemistry DepartmentRzeszow Technical UniversityRzeszow Poland
| | - Peggy Cebe
- Department of Physics and AstronomyCenter for Nanoscopic Physics, Tufts UniversityMedford Massachusetts02155
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36
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Righetti MC. Crystallization of Polymers Investigated by Temperature-Modulated DSC. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040442. [PMID: 28772807 PMCID: PMC5506965 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize studies conducted by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) on polymer crystallization. This technique can provide several advantages for the analysis of polymers with respect to conventional differential scanning calorimetry. Crystallizations conducted by TMDSC in different experimental conditions are analysed and discussed, in order to illustrate the type of information that can be deduced. Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallizations upon heating and cooling are examined separately, together with the relevant mathematical treatments that allow the evolution of the crystalline, mobile amorphous and rigid amorphous fractions to be determined. The phenomena of ‘reversing’ and ‘reversible‘ melting are explicated through the analysis of the thermal response of various semi-crystalline polymers to temperature modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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37
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Ding L, Wu T, Yang F, Xiang M. Deformation and pore formation mechanism under tensile loading in isotactic polypropylene. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu People's Republic of China
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38
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Amorphous Fractions of Poly(lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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39
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Xu R, Xie J, Lei C. Influence of melt-draw ratio on the crystalline behaviour of a polylactic acid cast film with a chi structure. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05422j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, polylactic acid cast films were prepared with different melt-draw ratios via an extrusion casting process. The oriented structure appeared at first and then a chi structure crystal was formed at higher MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Caihong Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
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40
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Kinetics of Nucleation and Growth of Crystals of Poly(l-lactic acid). SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2016_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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41
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Di Lorenzo ML, Androsch R, Stolte I, Righetti MC. The Three-Phase Structure of Random Butene-1/Ethylene Copolymers. INT POLYM PROC 2016. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The three-phase arrangement of random copolymers of butene-1 with ethylene was investigated and compared with isotactic poly(butene-1) homopolymer (iPB-1). In all the analyzed compositions, isothermal crystallization leads to a three-phase structure, made of one crystal phase and two amorphous fractions that differ in mobility: the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), made of the polymer chains that relax at the glass transition, and a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) made of the amorphous segments coupled with the crystal phase. Copolymerization with ethylene leads to a drop in crystal fraction and to a sizable increase of both the RAF, and of the specific RAF, i.e. of the RAF normalized to crystallinity. Analysis of crystal growth rate allowed quantifying the fold surface free energy, which increases of about 50 to 100% in the copolymers, compared to iPB-1 homopolymer. In the butene-1/ethylene random copolymers, ethylene units are mostly excluded from the crystals and accumulate at the crystal/amorphous interphase, thus affecting the rigid amorphous area. The varied composition and higher mobility of the rigid amorphous fraction of the copolymers affects also the Form II to Form I transformation of poly(butene-1) crystals, which occurs with enhanced kinetics in the copolymers, compared to iPB-1 homopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Di Lorenzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli (NA) , Italy
| | - R. Androsch
- Center of Engineering Sciences , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - I. Stolte
- Center of Engineering Sciences , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale , Germany
| | - M. C. Righetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, INSTM, UdR Pisa, Pisa , Italy
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42
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Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Yang J, Xu Y, Wang D. In-situ investigation on the structural evolution of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene in a continuous heating process. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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McLauchlin AR, Ghita OR. Studies on the thermal and mechanical behavior of PLA-PET blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. McLauchlin
- Mathematics and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Oana R. Ghita
- Mathematics and Physical Sciences, College of Engineering; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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44
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Righetti MC, Prevosto D, Tombari E. Time and Temperature Evolution of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Differently Constrained Amorphous Fractions in PLLA. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (CNR-IPCF); Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (CNR-IPCF); Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Elpidio Tombari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici (CNR-IPCF); Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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45
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Esposito A, Delpouve N, Causin V, Dhotel A, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. From a Three-Phase Model to a Continuous Description of Molecular Mobility in Semicrystalline Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio Causin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Eric Dargent
- LECAP, Normandie Université-UNIROUEN, Rouen 76000, France
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46
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Tsai WC, Hedenqvist M, Laiback Å, Melin H, Ngo M, Trollsås M, Gedde U. Physical changes and sorption/desorption behaviour of amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA exposed to water, methanol and ethanol. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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48
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Codou A, Moncel M, van Berkel JG, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N. Glass transition dynamics and cooperativity length of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) compared to poly(ethylene terephthalate). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16647-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01227b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF), an emergent bio-based polyester, was investigated in comparison to one of its chemical analogues: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Codou
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC)
- Nice
- France
| | - Matthieu Moncel
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC)
- Nice
- France
| | - Jesper Gabriël van Berkel
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC)
- Nice
- France
| | - Nathanaël Guigo
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC)
- Nice
- France
| | - Nicolas Sbirrazzuoli
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis
- CNRS
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC)
- Nice
- France
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Baseri S. Effect of drawing temperature on the structure and free volume of semicrystalline polyester yarns. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Kang J, Li X, Xiong B, Liu D, Chen J, Yang F, Cao Y, Xiang M. Investigation on the Tensile Behavior and Morphology Evolution of Isotactic Polypropylene Films Polymerized with Different Ziegler-Natta Catalysts. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules; College of Environment and Biological Engineering; Chongqing Technology and Business University; Chongqing 400067 People's Republic of China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Laboratoire MATEIS; INSA de Lyon-CNRS-UMR5510; Universite de Lyon; Batiment Blaise Pascal; Campus de la Doua; 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Dongming Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jinyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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