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Theodoropoulou MA, Nikitas NF, Kokotos CG. Aldehydes as powerful initiators for photochemical transformations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:833-857. [PMID: 32395186 PMCID: PMC7188926 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry, the use of light to promote organic transformations, has been known for more than a century but only recently has revolutionized the way modern chemists are thinking. Except from transition metal-based complexes, small organic molecules have been introduced as catalysts or initiators. In this review, we summarize the potential that (aromatic or aliphatic) aldehydes have as photoinitiators. The photophysical properties and photoreactivity of benzaldehyde are initially provided, followed by applications of aldehydes as initiators for polymerization reactions. Finally, the applications to date regarding aldehydes as photoinitiators in organic synthesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Theodoropoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
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Li G, He G, Zheng Y, Wang X, Wang H. Surface photografting initiated by benzophenone in water and mixed solvents containing water and ethanol. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jin E, Xie M, Gao Y, Wang H. Effect of acid and pH value on the photografting initiated by aliphatic ketones in aqueous solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Song A, Zhao D, Rong R, Zhang L, Wang H. Photografting of methacrylic acid onto HDPE initiated by acetaldehyde in aqueous solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kyomoto M, Moro T, Takatori Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Ishihara K. Self-initiated surface grafting with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) on poly(ether-ether-ketone). Biomaterials 2010; 31:1017-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Desmet T, Morent R, De Geyter N, Leys C, Schacht E, Dubruel P. Nonthermal Plasma Technology as a Versatile Strategy for Polymeric Biomaterials Surface Modification: A Review. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2351-78. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900186s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Desmet
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rino Morent
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Leys
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Etienne Schacht
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium, and Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent Univeristy, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Kyomoto M, Ishihara K. Self-initiated surface graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on poly(ether ether ketone) by photoirradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:537-42. [PMID: 20355972 DOI: 10.1021/am800260t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, we reported the fabrication of a highly hydrophilic nanometer-scale modified surface on a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) substrate by photoinduced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in the absence of photoinitiators. Photoirradiation results in the generation of semibenzopinacol-containing radicals of benzophenone units in the PEEK molecular structure, which acts as a photoinitiator during graft polymerization. The poly(MPC)-grafted PEEK surface fabricated by a novel and simple polymerization system exhibited unique characteristics such as high wettability and high antiprotein adsorption, which makes it highly suitable for medical applications.
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