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Lee HY, Park JH, Ji YB, Kwon DY, Lee BK, Kim JH, Park K, Kim MS. Preparation of pendant group-functionalized amphiphilic diblock copolymers in the presence of a monomer activator and evaluation as temperature-responsive hydrogels. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xu Z, Lu C, Lindenberger C, Cao Y, Wulff JE, Moffitt MG. Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Drug Delivery Characteristics of Poly(methyl caprolactone- co-caprolactone)- b-poly(ethylene oxide) Copolymers with Variable Compositions of Hydrophobic Blocks: Combining Chemistry and Microfluidic Processing for Polymeric Nanomedicines. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5289-5303. [PMID: 30023746 PMCID: PMC6044932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly of a series of biocompatible poly(methyl caprolactone-co-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic block copolymers with variable MCL contents in the hydrophobic block are described. Self-assembly gives rise to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) with hydrophobic cores that decrease in crystallinity as the MCL content increases, and their morphologies and sizes show nonmonotonic trends with MCL content. PNPs loaded with the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PAX) give rise to in vitro PAX release rates and MCF-7 GI50 (50% growth inhibition concentration) values that decrease as the MCL content increases. We also show for selected copolymers that microfluidic manufacturing at a variable flow rate enables further control of PAX release rates and enhances MCF-7 antiproliferation potency. These results indicate that more effective and specific drug delivery PNPs are possible through tangential efforts combining polymer synthesis and microfluidic manufacturing.
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Watts A, Kurokawa N, Hillmyer MA. Strong, Resilient, and Sustainable Aliphatic Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1845-1854. [PMID: 28467049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) composed of ABA block polymers exhibit a wide variety of properties and are easily processable as they contain physical, rather than chemical, cross-links. Poly(γ-methyl-ε-caprolactone) (PγMCL) is an amorphous polymer with a low entanglement molar mass (Me = 2.9 kg mol-1), making it a suitable choice for tough elastomers. Incorporating PγMCL as the midblock with polylactide (PLA) end blocks (fLA = 0.17) results in TPEs with high stresses and elongations at break (σB = 24 ± 2 MPa and εB = 1029 ± 20%, respectively) and low levels of hysteresis. The use of isotactic PLA as the end blocks (fLLA = 0.17) increases the strength and toughness of the material (σB = 30 ± 4 MPa, εB = 988 ± 30%) due to its semicrystalline nature. This study aims to demonstrate how the outstanding properties in these sustainable materials are a result of the entanglements, glass transition temperature, segment-segment interaction parameter, and crystallinity, resulting in comparable properties to the commercially relevant styrene-based TPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States of America
| | - Naruki Kurokawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States of America
| | - Marc A Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States of America
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Fang JY, Lin YK, Wang SW, Yu YC, Lee RS. Acid and light dual- stimuli-cleavable polymeric micelles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu Z, Lu C, Riordon J, Sinton D, Moffitt MG. Microfluidic Manufacturing of Polymeric Nanoparticles: Comparing Flow Control of Multiscale Structure in Single-Phase Staggered Herringbone and Two-Phase Reactors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12781-12789. [PMID: 27934536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We compare the microfluidic manufacturing of polycaprolactone-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL-b-PEO) nanoparticles (NPs) in a single-phase staggered herringbone (SHB) mixer and in a two-phase gas-liquid segmented mixer. NPs generated from two different copolymer compositions in both reactors and at three different flow rates, along with NPs generated using a conventional bulk method, are compared with respect to morphologies, dimensions, and internal crystallinities. Our work, the first direct comparison between alternate microfluidic NP synthesis methods, shows three key findings: (i) NP morphologies and dimensions produced in the bulk are different from those produced in a microfluidic mixer, whereas NP crystallinities produced in the bulk and in the SHB mixer are similar; (ii) NP morphologies, dimensions, and crystallinities produced in the single-phase SHB and two-phase mixers at the lowest flow rate are similar; and (iii) NP morphologies, dimensions, and crystallinities change with flow rate in the two-phase mixer but not in the single-phase SHB mixer. These findings provide new insights into the relative roles of mixing and shear in the formation and flow-directed processing of polymeric NPs in microfluidics, informing future reactor designs for manufacturing NPs of low polydispersity and controlled multiscale structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Changhai Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Jason Riordon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Matthew G Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
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Yuan M, Xiao Y, Le V, Wei C, Fu Y, Liu J, Lang M. Micelle controlled release of 5-fluorouracil: Follow the guideline for good polymer–drug compatibility. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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pH-responsive star-shaped functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) with amino groups. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Glover AL, Nikles SM, Nikles JA, Brazel CS, Nikles DE. Polymer micelles with crystalline cores for thermally triggered release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10653-60. [PMID: 22726124 PMCID: PMC3415377 DOI: 10.1021/la300895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polycaprolactone diblock copolymers in a targeted, magnetically triggered drug delivery system has led to this study of the phase behavior of the polycaprolactone core. Four different diblock copolymers were prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone from the alcohol terminus of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether, M(n) ≈ 2000. The critical micelle concentration depended on the degree of polymerization for the polycaprolactone block and was in the range of 2.9 to 41 mg/L. Differential scanning calorimetry curves for polymer solutions with a concentration above the critical micelle concentration showed a melting endotherm in the range of 40 to 45 °C, indicating the polycaprolactone core was semicrystalline. Pyrene was entrapped in the micelle core without interfering with the ability of the polycaprolactone to crystallize. When the polymer solution was heated above the melting point of the micelle core, the pyrene was free to leave the core. Temperature-dependent measurements of the critical micelle concentration and temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering showed that the micelles remain intact at temperatures above the melting point of the polycaprolactone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Glover
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Sarah M. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
| | - Jacqueline A. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1240
| | - Christopher S. Brazel
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0203
| | - David E. Nikles
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336
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Chen WH, Hua MY, Lee RS. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers with functional side groups on the polyester block. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sreekanth TVM, Lee KD. Surface Analysis of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether by Inverse Gas Chromatography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2011.562346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lee RS, Huang YT, Chen WH. Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive block copolymers from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and 4-methyl-ε-caprolactone or 4-phenyl-ε-caprolactone. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wang J, Xu Y, Zhu L, Li J, Zhu B. Amphiphilic ABA copolymers used for surface modification of polysulfone membranes, Part 1: Molecular design, synthesis, and characterization. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee RS, Huang YT. Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic block–graft MPEG-b-(PαN3CL-g-alkyne) degradable copolymers by ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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