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Guan T, Chen S. Multiscale Simulations on Synaptic Signal Transduction of Energy-Harvesting P(VDF-TrFE)-Based Artificial Retina. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37421374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric polymers have drawn a lot of research concerns recently due to their lightness, mechanical flexibility, conformability, and facile processability. Remarkably, these polymers can be used to fabricate biomimetic devices, such as artificial retina or electronic skin, to realize artificial intelligence. The artificial visual system behaves as a photoreceptor, converting incoming light into electric signals. The most widely studied ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)], can be used as the building block in this visual system to implement synaptic signal generation. There is a void in computational investigations on the complicated working picture of P(VDF-TrFE)-based artificial retina from a microscopic mechanism to a macroscopic mechanism. Therefore, a multiscale simulation method combining quantum chemistry calculations, first-principles calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and the Benav model was established to illustrate the whole working principle, involving synaptic signal transduction and consequent communication with neuron cells, of the P(VDF-TrFE)-based artificial retina. This newly developed multiscale method not only can be further applied to other energy-harvesting systems involving synaptic signals but also would be helpful to build microscopic/macroscopic pictures within these energy-harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Yin Z, Tian B, Zhu Q, Duan C. Characterization and Application of PVDF and Its Copolymer Films Prepared by Spin-Coating and Langmuir-Blodgett Method. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2033. [PMID: 31817985 PMCID: PMC6960743 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers are key polymers, displaying properties such as flexibility and electroactive responses, including piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and ferroelectricity. In the past several years, they have been applied in numerous applications, such as memory, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesting and have shown thriving prospects in the ongoing research and commercialization process. The crystalline polymorphs of PVDF can present nonpolar α, ε phase and polar β, γ, and δ phases with different processing methods. The copolymers, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), can crystallize directly into a phase analogous to the β phase of PVDF. Since the β phase shows the highest dipole moment among polar phases, many reproducible and efficient methods producing β-phase PVDF and its copolymer have been proposed. In this review, PVDF and its copolymer films prepared by spin-coating and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method are introduced, and relevant characterization techniques are highlighted. Finally, the development of memory, artificial synapses, and medical applications based on PVDF and its copolymers is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bobo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.Y.); (C.D.)
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Unveiling the piezoelectric nature of polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) at quasi-two-dimensional limit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:532. [PMID: 29323334 PMCID: PMC5765141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric response of P(VDF-TrFE), which is modulated by the dipole density due to the polarization switching on applying an electric field, allows it act as the fundamental components for electromechanical systems. As proposed since the 1970s, its polar α-phase is supposed to yield an enhanced piezoelectric activity. However, its experimental verification has never been reported, hampered by a substantial challenge for the achievement of a smooth, neat α-phase film. Here, we prepare ultrathin crystalline α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) films on the AlOx/Al-coated SiO2/Si substrates via a solution-based approach at room temperature. Thus, we unveil the piezoelectric nature of the polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) at a quasi-two-dimensional limit. The obtained values of the relative morphological deformation, the local effective piezoelectric coefficient, and the electric field-induced strain reach up to 37 pm, −46.4 pm V−1, and 4.1%, respectively. Such a robust piezoelectric response is even higher than that of the β-phase. Besides, the evolution of piezoelectricity, which is related to the piezoelectric properties of two polarization states, is also studied. Our work can enable the exploration of the prospective applications of polar α-phase P(VDF-TrFE) films.
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Qian J, Jiang S, Wang Q, Yang C, Duan Y, Wang H, Guo J, Shi Y, Li Y. Temperature dependence of piezo- and ferroelectricity in ultrathin P(VDF–TrFE) films. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29164-29171. [PMID: 35548011 PMCID: PMC9084441 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electromechanical activity and polarization nature of the quasi-2D ultrathin polycrystalline P(VDF–TrFE) were clearly demonstrated, revealing a promising avenue for nano-electro-mechanical and nano-ferroelectric applications using ultrathin P(VDF–TrFE) films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Sai Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Chengdong Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Yiwei Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Hengyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Jianhang Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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Yu YJ, McGaughey AJH. Energy barriers for dipole moment flipping in PVDF-related ferroelectric polymers. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:014901. [PMID: 26747817 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy barriers for flipping the transverse dipole moments in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and related copolymers and terpolymers are predicted using the nudged elastic band method. The dipole moments flip individually along the chain, with an order and energy barrier magnitudes (0.1-1.2 eV) that depend on the chain composition and environment. Trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and chlorofluoroethylene (CFE) monomers have larger energy barriers than VDF monomers, while a chain in an amorphous environment has a similar transition pathway as that of an isolated molecule. In a crystalline environment, TrFE and CFE monomers expand the lattice and lower the energy barriers for flipping VDF monomers. This finding is consistent with experimental observations of a large electrocaloric effect in P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Alan J H McGaughey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Cui Z, Hassankiadeh NT, Zhuang Y, Drioli E, Lee YM. Crystalline polymorphism in poly(vinylidenefluoride) membranes. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang ZY, Su KH, Xu Q. Does the copolymer poly(vinylidene cyanide–tricyanoethylene) possess piezoelectricity? J Mol Model 2012; 18:4699-708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin YJ, Kim RH, Jung HJ, Kang SJ, Park YJ, Bae I, Park C. Compression of cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) films for facile ferroelectric polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4736-4743. [PMID: 22070130 DOI: 10.1021/am201202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated a facile route for enhancing the ferroelectric polarization of a chemically cross-linked poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) film. Our method is based on thermally induced cross-linking of a PVDF-TrFE film with a 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (THDA) agent under compression. The remanent polarization (P(r)) of a metal/ferroelectric/metal capacitor containing a cross-linked PVDF-TrFE film increased with pressure up to a certain value, whereas no change in the P(r) value was observed in the absence of THDA. A film cross-linked with 10 wt % THDA with respect to PVDF-TrFE under a pressure of 100 kPa exhibited a P(r) of approximately 5.61 μC/cm(2), which is 1.6 times higher than that in the absence of pressure. The enhanced ferroelectric polarization was attributed to highly ordered 20-nm-thick edge-on crystalline lamellae whose c-axes are aligned parallel to the substrate. The lamellae were effective for ferroelectric switching of the PVDF-TrFE when a cross-linked film was recrystallized under pressure. Furthermore, compression of a PVDF-TrFE film with a topographically prepatterned poly(dimethyl siloxane) mold gave rise to a chemically cross-linked micropattern in which edge-on crystalline lamellae were globally oriented over a very large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Park YJ, Kang SJ, Lotz B, Brinkmann M, Thierry A, Kim KJ, Park C. Ordered Ferroelectric PVDF−TrFE Thin Films by High Throughput Epitaxy for Nonvolatile Polymer Memory. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Bernard Lotz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Annette Thierry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Kap Jin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Institut Charles Sadron 23, Rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France, and College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Department of Advanced Polymer and Fiber Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-701, Korea
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Wang ZY, Su KH, Fan HQ, Wen ZY. Possible reasons that piezoelectricity has not been found in bulk polymer of polyvinylidene cyanide. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang ZY, Su KH, Fan HQ, Wen ZY. Structure and electric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride–tetrafluoroethylene) copolymer studied with density functional theory. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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