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Rezanejade Bardajee G, Mahmoodian H, Shafiei N, Ghadimkhani R, Winnik MA. Design, synthesis, and spectroscopic profiling of novel coumarin dyes: Investigating solvent sensitivity and photophysical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124482. [PMID: 38820817 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Coumarin dyes are highly versatile and widely employed as fluorescent chemosensors in a variety of fields, including molecular imaging, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, biology, and medical science. Thanks to their outstanding photostability and high quantum yield, they represent an ideal choice for developing sensitive and selective sensing platforms. In this study, we successfully designed and synthesized four new dyes based on the coumarin dye molecular skeleton, investigating their solvent sensitivity and spectroscopic properties. Our novel coumarin dyes were synthesized by a straightforward approach, reacting coumarin-3-carboxylic acid succinimidyl ester derivatives with corresponding amines in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent. We carefully monitored the completion of the reactions using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized these dyes using spectral and elemental analyses. We further investigated the UV, fluorescence, time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique and time-resolved spectroscopy (TRES) of these dyes in different solvents and on polymer film poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The quantum yield of the synthesized dyes was determined, with values observed to range between 0.55 and 0.94. Most of the dye-solvent and dye-polymer combinations exhibited single exponential decay, with lifetimes ranging from 2.3 to 3 ns. Minor deviations from single exponential behavior were observed for most of the dyes in toluene, while significant deviations were observed for coumarin dyes with piperazine moiety. We have provided a rationalization of these results in terms of the chemical functionalities of the various dyes. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of interactions between 7-methoxy-2-oxo-N-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-2H-chromene-3-carboxamide and silica nanoparticles (Ludox) on the spectroscopic properties of these dyes, with charge transfer being one possible mechanism contributing to the behavior of the dyes. Additionally, we explored the effect of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) on the dyes' emission intensity and fluorescence decay. Based on our UV and fluorescence measurements of the dyes in different solvents, we have concluded that these dyes can create excellent donor-acceptor pairs for our upcoming fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rezanejade Bardajee
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran; Department of Polymer and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Mahmoodian
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chemistrytech Company, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Roghieh Ghadimkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Suvarli N, Perner-Nochta I, Hubbuch J, Wörner M. Thiol-Functional Polymer Nanoparticles via Aerosol Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4363. [PMID: 34960913 PMCID: PMC8704326 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spherical, individual polymer nanoparticles with functional -SH groups were synthesized via aerosol photopolymerization (APP) employing radically initiated thiol-ene chemistry. A series of various thiol and alkene monomer combinations were investigated based on di-, tri-, and tetrafunctional thiols with difunctional allyl and vinyl ethers, and di- and trifunctional acrylates. Only thiol and alkene monomer combinations able to build cross-linked poly(thio-ether) networks were compatible with APP, which requires fast polymerization of the generated droplet aerosol during the photoreactor passage within a residence time of half-minute. Higher monomer functionalities and equal overall stoichiometry of functional groups resulted in the best nanoparticles being spherical and individual, proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of reactive -SH groups in the synthesized nanoparticles as a basis for post-polymerization modifications was verified by Ellman's test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Wörner
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Science, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (N.S.); (I.P.-N.); (J.H.)
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Natural biodegradable polymers based nano-formulations for drug delivery: A review. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:244-264. [PMID: 30851391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines are now considered as the new-generation medication in the current era mainly because of their features related to nano size. The efficacy of many drugs in their micro/macro formulations is shown to have poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after oral administration. To overcome this predicament, use of natural/synthetic biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have gained prominence in the field of nanomedicine for targeted drug delivery to improve biocompatibility, bioavailability, safety, enhanced permeability, better retention time and lower toxicity. For drug delivery, it is essential to have biodegradable nanoparticle formulations for safe and efficient transport and release of drug at the intended site. Moreover, depending on the target organ, a suitable biodegradable polymer can be selected as the drug-carrier for target specific as well as for sustained drug delivery. The aim of this review is to present the current status and scope of natural biodegradable polymers as well as some emerging polymers with special characteristics as suitable carriers for drug delivery applications. The most widely preferred preparation methods are discussed along with their characterization using different analytical techniques. Further, the review highlights significant features of methods developed using natural polymers for drug entrapment and release studies.
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Quevedo PD, Behnke T, Resch-Genger U. Streptavidin conjugation and quantification-a method evaluation for nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4133-49. [PMID: 27038055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the development of validated protocols for protein conjugation of nanomaterials and the determination of protein labeling densities, we systematically assessed the conjugation of the model protein streptavidin (SAv) to 100-, 500-, and 1000-nm-sized polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and dye-encoded polymer particles with two established conjugation chemistries, based upon achievable coupling efficiencies and labeling densities. Bioconjugation reactions compared included EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry for direct binding of the SAv to carboxyl groups at the particle surface and maleimide-thiol chemistry in conjunction with heterobifunctional PEG linkers and aminated nanoparticles (NPs). Quantification of the total and functional amounts of SAv on these nanomaterials and unreacted SAv in solution was performed with the BCA assay and the biotin-FITC (BF) titration, relying on different signal generation principles, which are thus prone to different interferences. Our results revealed a clear influence of the conjugation chemistry on the amount of NP crosslinking, yet under optimized reaction conditions, EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry and the attachment via heterobifunctional PEG linkers led to comparably efficient SAv coupling and good labeling densities. Particle size can obviously affect protein labeling densities and particularly protein functionality, especially for larger particles. For unstained nanoparticles, direct bioconjugation seems to be the most efficient strategy, whereas for dye-encoded nanoparticles, PEG linkers are to be favored for the prevention of dye-protein interactions which can affect protein functionality specifically in the case of direct SAv binding. Moreover, an influence of particle size on achievable protein labeling densities and protein functionality could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Darío Quevedo
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Hu Y, Shen B, Li B, Xu M, Jiang G, Kan C. Preparation and properties of a novel polymerizable amphiphilic anthraquinone derivative and its cationic colored copolymer latexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerizable amphiphilic dye was synthesized and used to prepare colored copolymer latexes. The amphiphilic structure overcomes the solubility limitation, dye conversion and color depth. The covalently colored film has enhanced light fastness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Boyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Botian Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chengyou Kan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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Felorzabihi N, Froimowicz P, Haley JC, Bardajee GR, Li B, Bovero E, van Veggel FCJM, Winnik MA. Determination of the Förster Distance in Polymer Films by Fluorescence Decay for Donor Dyes with a Nonexponential Decay Profile. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2262-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807637s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Felorzabihi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Jeffrey C. Haley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Ghasem Rezanejad Bardajee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Binxin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Enrico Bovero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Frank C. J. M. van Veggel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6; and Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 5C2
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