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Swar S, Máková V, Stibor I. The Covalent Tethering of Poly(ethylene glycol) to Nylon 6 Surface via N, N'-Disuccinimidyl Carbonate Conjugation: A New Approach in the Fight against Pathogenic Bacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2181. [PMID: 32987744 PMCID: PMC7598665 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of unmodified and modified Poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) are widely used as antifouling and antibacterial agents for biomedical industries and Nylon 6 is one of the polymers used for biomedical textiles. Our recent study focused on an efficient approach to PEG immobilization on a reduced Nylon 6 surface via N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC) conjugation. The conversion of amide functional groups to secondary amines on the Nylon 6 polymer surface was achieved by the reducing agent borane-tetrahydrofuran (BH3-THF) complex, before binding the PEG. Various techniques, including water contact angle and free surface energy measurements, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, were used to confirm the desired surface immobilization. Our findings indicated that PEG may be efficiently tethered to the Nylon 6 surface via DSC, having an enormous future potential for antifouling biomedical materials. The bacterial adhesion performances against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were examined. In vitro cytocompatibility was successfully tested on pure, reduced, and PEG immobilized samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Máková
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec 1, Czech Republic; (S.S.); (I.S.)
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2
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Recent and prominent examples of nano- and microarchitectures as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 260:65-84. [PMID: 30177214 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusions, which usually consist in the administration of isolated red blood cells (RBCs), are crucial in traumatic injuries, pre-surgical conditions and anemias. Although RBCs transfusion from donors is a safe procedure, donor RBCs can only be stored for a maximum of 42 days under refrigerated conditions and, therefore, stockpiles of RBCs for use in acute disasters do not exist. With a worldwide shortage of donor blood that is expected to increase over time, the creation of oxygen-carriers with long storage life and compatibility without typing and cross-matching, persists as one of the foremost important challenges in biomedicine. However, research has so far failed to produce FDA approved RBCs substitutes (RBCSs) for human usage. As such, due to unacceptable toxicities, the first generation of oxygen-carriers has been withdrawn from the market. Being hemoglobin (Hb) the main component of RBCs, a lot of effort is being devoted in assembling semi-synthetic RBCS utilizing Hb as the oxygen-carrier component, the so-called Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). However, a native RBC also contains a multi-enzyme system to prevent the conversion of Hb into non-functional methemoglobin (metHb). Thus, the challenge for the fabrication of next-generation HBOCs relies in creating a system that takes advantage of the excellent oxygen-carrying capabilities of Hb, while preserving the redox environment of native RBCs that prevents or reverts the conversion of Hb into metHb. In this review, we feature the most recent advances in the assembly of the new generation of HBOCs with emphasis in two main approaches: the chemical modification of Hb either by cross-linking strategies or by conjugation to other polymers, and the Hb encapsulation strategies, usually in the form of lipidic or polymeric capsules. The applications of the aforementioned HBOCs as blood substitutes or for oxygen-delivery in tissue engineering are highlighted, followed by a discussion of successes, challenges and future trends in this field.
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3
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Matharu AS, Ahmed S, Almonthery B, Macquarrie DJ, Lee YS, Kim Y. Starbon/High-Amylose Corn Starch-Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Iron(III) Catalyst for Conversion of Fructose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:716-725. [PMID: 29281175 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (Fe-NHCs) have come to prominence because of their applicability in diverse catalytic reactions, ranging from C-C cross-coupling and C-X bond formation to substitution, reduction, polymerization, and dehydration reactions. The detailed synthesis, characterization, and application of novel heterogeneous Fe-NHC catalysts immobilized on mesoporous expanded high-amylose corn starch (HACS) and Starbon 350 (S350) for facile fructose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is reported. Both catalyst types showed good performance for the dehydration of fructose to HMF when the reaction was tested at 100 °C with varying time (10 min, 20 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h). For Fe-NHC/S350, the highest HMF yield was 81.7 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 169 h-1 , fructose conversion of 95 %, and HMF selectivity of 85.7 %, whereas for Fe-NHC/expanded HACS, the highest yield was 86 % (t=0.5 h), with a TOF of 206 h-1 , fructose conversion of 87 %, and HMF selectivity of 99 %. Iron loadings of 0.26 and 0.30 mmol g-1 were achieved for Fe-NHC/expanded starch and Fe-NHC/S350, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar S Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Suleiman Ahmed
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Badriya Almonthery
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Duncan J Macquarrie
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-Ro, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Kwanak-Ro, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ly H, Poupart R, Carbonnier B, Monchiet V, Le Droumaguet B, Grande D. Versatile functionalization platform of biporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based materials: Application in heterogeneous supported catalysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Shanmugam NR, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. A review on ZnO-based electrical biosensors for cardiac biomarker detection. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO196. [PMID: 29134112 PMCID: PMC5674214 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades zinc oxide (ZnO)-based thin films and nanostructures have shown unprecedented performance in a wide range of applications. In particular, owing to high isoelectric point, biocompatibility and other multifunctional characteristics, ZnO has extensively been studied as a transduction material for biosensor development. The fascinating properties of ZnO help retain biological activity of the immobilized biomolecule and help in achieving enhanced sensing performance. As a consequence of recent advancements in this multidisciplinary field, diagnostic biosensors are expanding beyond traditional clinical labs to point-of-care and home settings. Label-free electrical detection of biomarkers has been demonstrated using ZnO-sensing platforms. In this review we highlight the characteristics of ZnO that enable realization of its use in development of point-of-care biosensors toward disease diagnosis, in particular cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhinee R Shanmugam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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6
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Chen WL, Cordero R, Tran H, Ober CK. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roselynn Cordero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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7
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Chatzinikolaidou M, Pontikoglou C, Terzaki K, Kaliva M, Kalyva A, Papadaki E, Vamvakaki M, Farsari M. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) immobilized on laser-fabricated 3D scaffolds enhance osteogenesis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Paciello A, Amalfitano G, Garziano A, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Hemoglobin-Conjugated Gelatin Microsphere as a Smart Oxygen Releasing Biomaterial. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2655-2666. [PMID: 27594116 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel micrometric biomaterial acting as a cyclic oxygen releasing system is designed. Human hemoglobin (Hb) is conjugated to the surface of gelatin microspheres (GM) to produce gelatin hemoglobin oxygen depot (G-HbOD). G-HbOD is obtained by means of two different conjugation strategies. The degree of conjugation of GM surfaces in terms of free amino groups by using HPLC is first evaluated. By following the strategy A (G-HbOD_A), Hb is conjugated to GM by means of the formation of a polyurethane linker. In the strategy B (G-HbOD_B) the conjugation occurs via amide bound formation. Physical and morphological differences between G-HbOD_A and G-HbOD_B are investigated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Differences in oxygen uptake/release kinetics are found depending on the conjugation strategy and it is proved that G-HbOD works under repeated cycles in microfluidic chip. Moreover, G-HbOD is also able to work as oxygen depot in the early stages of 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paciello
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amalfitano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Alessandro Garziano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
- Department of Chemical; Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI); University of Napoli Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
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10
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Gunnewiek MK, Di Luca A, Bollemaat HZ, van Blitterswijk CA, Vancso GJ, Moroni L, Benetti EM. Creeping proteins in microporous structures: polymer brush-assisted fabrication of 3D gradients for tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1169-74. [PMID: 25676461 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of rapid prototyping techniques and surface-confined polymerizations allows the fabrication of 3D multidirectional gradients of biomolecules within microporous scaffolds. The compositional gradients can be tailored by polymer-brush-assisted diffusion of protein solutions. This technique allows spatial control over stem cells manipulation within 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Di Luca
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Hermannes Z. Bollemaat
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration; MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration; MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine; Maastricht University; P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology (LSST); Department of Materials, ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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11
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Functionalizable low-fouling coatings for label-free biosensing in complex biological media: advances and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3927-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Zhu J, Sun G. Bio-functionalized nanofibrous membranes as a hybrid platform for selective antibody recognition and capturing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PVA-co-PE nanofibers were activatedviaversatile surface chemistries to achieve protein ligand couplings and subsequent antibody recognition and capturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Fiber and Polymer Science
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Fiber and Polymer Science
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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13
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Jo H, Theato P. Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Krishnamoorthy M, Hakobyan S, Ramstedt M, Gautrot JE. Surface-initiated polymer brushes in the biomedical field: applications in membrane science, biosensing, cell culture, regenerative medicine and antibacterial coatings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10976-1026. [PMID: 25353708 DOI: 10.1021/cr500252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahentha Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Bioengineering and ‡School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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15
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Gevrek TN, Bilgic T, Klok HA, Sanyal A. Maleimide-Functionalized Thiol Reactive Copolymer Brushes: Fabrication and Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bilgic
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Arnold RM, Patton DL, Popik VV, Locklin J. A dynamic duo: pairing click chemistry and postpolymerization modification to design complex surfaces. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2999-3008. [PMID: 25127014 DOI: 10.1021/ar500191m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in key 21st century technologies such as biosensors, biomedical implants, and organic light-emitting diodes rely heavily on our ability to imagine, design, and understand spatially complex interfaces. Polymer-based thin films provide many advantages in this regard, but the direct synthesis of polymers with incompatible functional groups is extremely difficult. Using postpolymerization modification in conjunction with click chemistry can circumvent this limitation and result in multicomponent surfaces that are otherwise unattainable. The two methods used to form polymer thin films include physisorption and chemisorption. Physisorbed polymers suffer from instability because of the weak intermolecular forces between the film and the substrate, which can lead to dewetting, delamination, desorption, or displacement. Covalent immobilization of polymers to surfaces through either a "grafting to" or "grafting from" approach provides thin films that are more robust and less prone to degradation. The grafting to technique consists of adsorbing a polymer containing at least one reactive group along the backbone to form a covalent bond with a complementary surface functionality. Grafting from involves polymerization directly from the surface, in which the polymer chains deviate from their native conformation in solution and stretch away from the surface because of the high density of chains. Postpolymerization modification (PPM) is a strategy used by our groups over the past several years to immobilize two or more different chemical functionalities onto substrates that contain covalently grafted polymer films. PPM exploits monomers with reactive pendant groups that are stable under the polymerization conditions but are readily modified via covalent attachment of the desired functionality. "Click-like" reactions are the most common type of reactions used for PPM because they are orthogonal, high-yielding, and rapid. Some of these reactions include thiol-based additions, activated ester coupling, azide-alkyne cycloadditions, some Diels-Alder reactions, and non-aldol carbonyl chemistry such as oxime, hydrazone, and amide formation. In this Account, we highlight our research combining PPM and click chemistry to generate complexity in polymer thin films. For the purpose of this Account, we define a complex coating as a polymer film grafted to a planar surface that acts as a template for the patterning of two or more discrete chemical functionalities using PPM. After a brief introduction to grafting, the rest of the review is arranged in terms of the sequence in which PPM is performed. First, we describe sequential functionalization using iterations of the same click-type reaction. Next, we discuss the use of two or more different click-like reactions performed consecutively, and we conclude with examples of self-sorting reactions involving orthogonal chemistries used for one-pot surface patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Enzymatic synthesis of poly(catechin)-antibiotic conjugates: an antimicrobial approach for indwelling catheters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:637-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Zhao L, Song LX, Xia J, Teng Y, Yang ZK, Wang QS. Contribution of polytetrafluoroethylene to the atmosphere-dependent synthesis of Cu-based nanomaterials through ion–dipole interactions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Arnold RM, McNitt CD, Popik VV, Locklin J. Direct grafting of poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) onto oxides: versatile substrates for reactive microcapillary printing and self-sorting modification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5307-9. [PMID: 24270591 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47597b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) was covalently attached to silicon oxide through the direct coupling of the reactive ester to surface silanol groups. Subsequently, reactive microcapillary printing (R-μCaP) and a one-pot, self-sorting postpolymerization modification reaction were used to generate patterns of spatially resolved chemical functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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20
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Pérez-Perrino M, Navarro R, Prucker O, Rühe J. Binding of Functionalized Polymers to Surface-Attached Polymer Networks Containing Reactive Groups. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500282b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez-Perrino
- Instituto de Ciencia
yTecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencia
yTecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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22
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Dirani A, Laloyaux X, Fernandes AE, Mathy B, Schicke O, Riant O, Nysten B, Jonas AM. Reversible Photomodulation of the Swelling of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302106c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dirani
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Laloyaux
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Antony E. Fernandes
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Mathy
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schicke
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bernard Nysten
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter, Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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23
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Orski SV, Sheppard GR, Arumugam S, Arnold RM, Popik VV, Locklin J. Rate determination of azide click reactions onto alkyne polymer brush scaffolds: a comparison of conventional and catalyst-free cycloadditions for tunable surface modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14693-702. [PMID: 23009188 DOI: 10.1021/la3032418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The postpolymerization functionalization of poly(N-hydroxysuccinimide 4-vinylbenzoate) brushes with reactive alkynes that differ in relative rates of activity of alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions is described. The alkyne-derived polymer brushes undergo "click"-type cycloadditions with azido-containing compounds by two mechanisms: a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO) and azadibenzocyclooctyne (ADIBO) or a copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) to a propargyl group (PPG). Using a pseudo-first-order limited rate equation, rate constants for DIBO, ADIBO, and PPG-derivatized polymer brushes functionalized with an azide-functionalized dye were calculated as 7.7 × 10(-4), 4.4 × 10(-3), and 2.0 × 10(-2) s(-1), respectively. The SPAAC click reactions of the surface bound layers were determined to be slower than the equivalent reactions in solution, but the relative ratio of the reaction rates for the DIBO and ADIBO SPAAC reactions was consistent between solution and the polymer layer. The rate of functionalization was not influenced by the diffusion of azide into the polymer scaffold as long as the concentration of azide in solution was sufficiently high. The PPG functionalization by CuAAC had an extremely fast rate, which was comparable to other surface click reaction rates. Preliminary studies of dilute solution azide functionalization indicate that the diffusion-limited regime of brush functionalization impacts a 50 nm polymer brush layer and decreases the pseudo-first-order rate by a constant diffusion-limited factor of 0.233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Orski
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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24
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Fernandes AE, Dirani A, d'Haese C, Deumer G, Guo W, Hensenne P, Nahra F, Laloyaux X, Haufroid V, Nysten B, Riant O, Jonas AM. Thicker is Better? Synthesis and Evaluation of Well-Defined Polymer Brushes with Controllable Catalytic Loadings. Chemistry 2012; 18:16226-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Galvin CJ, Genzer J. Applications of surface-grafted macromolecules derived from post-polymerization modification reactions. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Thomson DAC, Tee EHL, Tran NTD, Monteiro MJ, Cooper MA. Oligonucleotide and polymer functionalized nanoparticles for amplification-free detection of DNA. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1981-9. [PMID: 22612382 DOI: 10.1021/bm300717f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative nucleic acid testing from complex biological samples is now an important component of clinical diagnostics. Whereas nucleic acid amplification represents the gold standard, its utility in resource-limited and point-of-care settings can be problematic due to assay interferants, assay time, engineering constraints, and costs associated with both wetware and hardware. In contrast, amplification-free nucleic acid testing can circumvent these limitations by enabling direct target hybridization within complex sample matrices. In this work, we grew random copolymer brushes from the surface of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles using azide-modified and hydroxyl oligo ethylene glycol methacrylate (OEGMA) monomers. The azide-functionalized polymer brush was first conjugated, via copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific oligonucleotides and then with alkyne-substituted polyethylene glycol to eliminate all residual azide groups. Our methodology enabled control over brush thickness and probe density and enabled multiple consecutive coupling reactions on the particle grafted brush. Brush- and probe-modified particles were then combined in a 20 min hybridization with fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles modified with HSV-specific reporter probes. Following magnetic capture and washing, the particles were analyzed with an aggregate fluorescence measurement, which yielded a limit of detection of 6 pM in buffer and 60 pM in 50% fetal bovine serum. Adoption of brush- and probe-modified particles into a particle counting assay will result in the development of diagnostic assays with significant improvements in sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A C Thomson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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27
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Zhang Y, Li N, Delgado J, Gao Y, Kuang Y, Fraden S, Epstein IR, Xu B. Post-self-assembly cross-linking of molecular nanofibers for oscillatory hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3063-3066. [PMID: 22276980 DOI: 10.1021/la203923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
After a polymerizable hydrogelator self-assembles in water to form molecular nanofibers, post-self-assembly cross-linking allows the catalyst of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction to be attached to the nanofibers, resulting in a hydrogel that exhibits concentration oscillations, spiral waves, and concentric waves. In addition to the first report of the observation of BZ spiral waves in a hydrogel that covalently integrates the catalyst, we suggest a new approach to developing active soft materials as chemical oscillators and for exploring the correlation between molecular structure and far-from-equilibrium dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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28
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Li Y, Zhang J, Fang L, Jiang L, Liu W, Wang T, Cui L, Sun H, Yang B. Polymer brush nanopatterns with controllable features for protein pattern applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Rossi G, Elliott IG, Ala-Nissila T, Faller R. Molecular Dynamics Study of a MARTINI Coarse-Grained Polystyrene Brush in Good Solvent: Structure and Dynamics. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201980k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rossi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Ian G. Elliott
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tapio Ala-Nissila
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
- Department of Physics, Brown University, P.O. Box 1843, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-1843, United States
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, United States
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30
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Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Brynda E, Riedel T, Houska M, Šubr V, Alles AB, Hasan E, Gautrot JE, Huck WTS. Polymer Brushes Showing Non-Fouling in Blood Plasma Challenge the Currently Accepted Design of Protein Resistant Surfaces. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:952-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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31
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Lane SM, Kuang Z, Yom J, Arifuzzaman S, Genzer J, Farmer B, Naik R, Vaia RA. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) for Enzyme Immobilization: Impact on Activity and Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1822-30. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200173y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Lane
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Zhifeng Kuang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Jeannie Yom
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Shafi Arifuzzaman
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Barry Farmer
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Rajesh Naik
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufactoring Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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32
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Schuh C, Rühe J. Penetration of Polymer Brushes by Chemical Nonidentical Free Polymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102410z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schuh
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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33
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Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Kylián O, Houska M, Brynda E, Artemenko A, Kousal J, Alles AB, Biederman H. Substrate-Independent Approach for the Generation of Functional Protein Resistant Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1058-66. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101406m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Czech Republic
- College of Engineering, Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
| | - Ondřej Kylián
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Houska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Brynda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Czech Republic
| | - Anna Artemenko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kousal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hynek Biederman
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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34
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Orski SV, Fries KH, Sontag SK, Locklin J. Fabrication of nanostructures using polymer brushes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Paik MY, Xu Y, Rastogi A, Tanaka M, Yi Y, Ober CK. Patterning of polymer brushes. A direct approach to complex, sub-surface structures. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:3873-3879. [PMID: 20815408 DOI: 10.1021/nl102910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a unique method to directly fabricate complex polymer brush structures with nanometer scale features by means of electron beam lithography. Polymer brushes for direct patterning were grown from surface-anchored initiator sites using atom transfer radical polymerization. Selected monomers (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)) were used based on their ability to readily scission when exposed to radiation. Single step direct patterning of polymer brushes is attractive as this eliminates many process steps, reducing the possibility of contamination and possibly improving resolution. In addition, we report a method to form subsurface polymer brush channels with nanometer-scale features. With the chains tethered to a surface, a diblock copolymer brush with a negative tone upper layer (polystyrene) and a positive tone under layer (poly(methyl methacrylate)) or (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were patterned to create channels. In the work presented, the direct electron beam patterning behavior of the brushes was studied and fabrication of nanochannels was demonstrated. Imaging of the nanopatterned surfaces was carried out using atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Y Paik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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36
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Cengiz N, Kabadayioglu H, Sanyal R. Orthogonally functionalizable copolymers based on a novel reactive carbonate monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Strickland LA, Hall CK, Genzer J. Controlling comonomer distribution in random copolymers by chemical coloring of surface-tethered homopolymers: an insight from discontinuous molecular dynamics simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8810-8820. [PMID: 20131835 DOI: 10.1021/la9045513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Postpolymerization chemical modification ("coloring") of homopolymer brushes made of A units using B chemical moieties produces surface-anchored random copolymers (RCPs) A(1-x)B(x), where x is the degree of "coloring". We employ discontinuous molecular dynamics to study the "coloring" process in macromolecular tethers made of various lengths grafted at low and high densities on flat impenetrable surfaces. We demonstrate that the comonomer distribution in the A(1-x)B(x) RCPs depends on the interplay among (1) the length and the grafting density of the A-based homopolymer anchors, (2) the solubility of the parent homopolymer, and (3) the solubility of the B coloring units. Chemical modification of sparsely spaced chains on the surface leads to nearly random comonomer distribution in the A(1-x)B(x) RCPs regardless of the solubility of A and B. In contrast, the distribution of A and B units in A(1-x)B(x) RCPs prepared from homopolymers tethered at high grafting densities depends on the solubility of the parent homopolymer. Chemical modification of well-solvated A homopolymer grafts results in comonomer distributions that resemble those of diblock copolymers, comprising lightly modified blocks near the surface and heavily "colored" blocks at the top of the grafts. The relative lengths of the two blocks can be tuned by varying the solubility of B. Under poor solvent conditions, the distribution of A and B in the A(1-x)B(x) RCP is more complex; it is governed by the conformation of the parent A macromolecular anchors that form collapsed clusters before the coloring reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anderson Strickland
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27965-7905, USA
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38
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Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA. Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 2010; 109:5437-527. [PMID: 19845393 DOI: 10.1021/cr900045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1218] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Barbey
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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39
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Gautrot JE, Huck WTS, Welch M, Ramstedt M. Protein-resistant NTA-functionalized polymer brushes for selective and stable immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:193-202. [PMID: 20356235 DOI: 10.1021/am9006484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein-resistant polymeric coatings that allow highly selective immobilization of specific biomolecules are essential for biomedical applications such as microarrays, biosensing, heterogeneous catalysis, and bioengineering. Polymer brushes are particularly interesting for this purpose because their chemical structure and physical properties can easily be tailored to meet specific needs. This article explores the functionalization of two protein-resistant polymer brushes, poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moieties that can complex histidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins selectively and reversibly. Using fluorescence microscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonanace, and ellipsometry, we demonstrate that His-tagged green fluorescent protein can be immobilized on NTA brushes with high stability and loading. The loading saturation reached for NTA-POEGMA is higher than that for NTA-PHEMA because of increased swelling of the former brush. Despite this higher loading capacity, NTA-POEGMA remained highly protein-resistant, which shows its potential for "clean" and specific protein immobilization. Finally, we showed that the preserved protein resistance of NTA-POEGMA brushes can be used to generate well-defined binary biofunctional patterns via a simple protocol of incubations and washes. These patterns may find applications in cell arraying and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien E Gautrot
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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40
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Trmcic-Cvitas J, Hasan E, Ramstedt M, Li X, Cooper MA, Abell C, Huck WTS, Gautrot JE. Biofunctionalized Protein Resistant Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Derived Polymer Brushes as Selective Immobilization and Sensing Platforms. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2885-94. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900706r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Trmcic-Cvitas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Erol Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Madeleine Ramstedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden, Cambridge Medical Innovations, 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GJ, United Kingdom, and Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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41
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Formation of surface-grafted polymeric amphiphilic coatings comprising ethylene glycol and fluorinated groups and their response to protein adsorption. Biointerphases 2009; 4:FA33-44. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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42
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Diamanti S, Arifuzzaman S, Genzer J, Vaia RA. Tuning gold nanoparticle-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) brush interactions: from reversible swelling to capture and release. ACS NANO 2009; 3:807-818. [PMID: 19338284 DOI: 10.1021/nn800822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the interaction between surfaces and nanoparticles (NPs) affords great opportunities for a range of applications, including sensors, information storage, medical diagnostics, and filtration membranes. In addition to controlling local ordering and microscale patterning of the NPs, manipulating the temporal factors determining the strength of the interaction between NP and surface enables dynamic modulation of these structural characteristics. In this contribution we demonstrate robust polymer brush-NP hybrids that exhibit both reversible swelling and reversible NP adsorption/desorption. Polymer brush functionality is tailored through post-functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes on flat solid substrates with alpha-amine conjugates ranging from perfluoro alkanes to poly(ethylene glycol) of varying molecular weights. The type of functionality controls NP affinity for the surfaces. In the case of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the molecular weight (MW) of the PEG dictates adsorption and desorption phenomena. Higher MW PEG chains possess increased binding affinity toward NPs, which leads to higher relative Au-NP densities on the PHEMA-g-PEG brushes and concurrent sluggish desorption of NPs by thermal stimulus. Adsorption and desorption phenomena are further modulated by NP size yielding a system where adsorption and desorption are controlled by a delicate balance between the competitive energetics of polymer brush chelation versus solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Diamanti
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
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