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Bedard J, Linford-Wood TG, Thompson BC, Werner-Zwanziger U, Marczenko KM, Musgrave RA, Chitnis SS. A Robust, Divalent, Phosphaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Connector Provides Access to Cage-Dense Inorganic Polymers and Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7569-7579. [PMID: 36961918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
While polymers containing chain or ring motifs in their backbone are ubiquitous, those containing well-defined molecular cages are very rare and essentially unknown for the inorganic elements. We report that a rigid and dinucleophilic cage (PNSiMe3)2(NMe)6, which is chemically robust and accessible on a multi-gram scale from commercial precursors, serves as a linear and divalent connector that forms cage-dense inorganic materials. Reaction of the cage with various ditopic P(III) dihalide comonomers proceeded via Me3SiCl elimination to give high molecular weight (30 000-70 000 g mol-1), solution-processable polymers that form free-standing films. The end groups of the polymers could be tuned to engender orthogonal reactivity and form block copolymers. Networked cage-dense materials could be accessed by using PCl3 as a tritopic P(III) linker. Detailed mechanistic studies implicate a stepwise polycondensation that proceeds via phosphino-phosphonium ion intermediates, prior to Me3SiCl loss. Thus, metathesis between the dinucleophilic cage and polyhalides represents a general strategy to making cage-dense polymers, setting the stage for systematically understanding the consequences of the three-dimensional microstructure on macroscopic material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bedard
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Thomas G Linford-Wood
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Benedict C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Katherine M Marczenko
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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2
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Xie L, Yang R, Li N, Froimowicz P, Zhang K. Competitive Study of Novel Triptycene-Containing Benzoxazine Monomers and a Thermoresponsive Linear Main Chain-Type Benzoxazine Copolymer: Synthesis, Polymerization, and Thermal Properties of Their Thermosets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, Subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Yang R, Xie L, Li N, Froimowicz P, Zhang K. Synthesis of a triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain triptycene-polydimethysiloxane-benzoxazine copolymer with excellent comprehensive properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain benzoxazine copolymer have been synthesized and their corresponding thermosets exhibit excellent thermal stability, low flammability and low dielectric constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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4
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Ishiwari F, Okabe G, Kajitani T, Fukushima T. Introduction of Triptycene with a Particular Substitution Pattern into Polymer Chains Can Dramatically Improve the Structural and Rheological Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1529-1534. [PMID: 35549132 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although a large number of polymers that contain triptycene units in the main chains have been developed, no polymer design using 1,8-substituted triptycene has been reported to date. In this study, we investigated the properties of linear homo- and copolymers obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a triptycene monomer bearing a macrocyclic olefin linked at its 1,8-position and its copolymerization with cyclooctene, respectively. We found that the introduction of triptycene with this substitution pattern leads to nanoscale molecular ordering, thereby greatly improving the physical properties of the polymers. The key to this remarkable behavior of 1,8-substituted triptycene-containing polymers is the formation of a particular two-dimensional assembly of the triptycene units by nested hexagonal packing, which aligns one-dimensionally while folding the polymer chains into a well-defined layered structure. The polymer design using 1,8-substituted triptycene can be applied to other polymers, unless their main chain contains functional groups capable of a strong intermolecular interaction such as hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Gen Okabe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Open Facility Development Office, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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5
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Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040769. [PMID: 32244603 PMCID: PMC7240542 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplasticization of glassy polymers, arising from the addition of small amounts of plasticizer, was examined to highlight the developments that have taken place over the last few decades, aiming to fill gaps of knowledge in the large number of disjointed publications. The analysis includes the role of polymer/plasticizer molecular interactions and the conditions leading to the cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization. This was based on molecular dynamics considerations of thermal transitions and related relaxation spectra, alongside the deviation of free volumes from the additivity rule. Useful insights were gained from an analysis of data on molecular glasses, including the implications of the glass fragility concept. The effects of molecular packing resulting from antiplasticization are also discussed in the context of physical ageing. These include considerations on the effects on mechanical properties and diffusion-controlled behaviour. Some peculiar features of antiplasticization regarding changes in Tg were probed and the effects of water were examined, both as a single component and in combination with other plasticizers to illustrate the role of intermolecular forces. The analysis has also brought to light the shortcomings of existing theories for disregarding the dual cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization with respect to modulus variation with temperature and for not addressing failure related properties, such as yielding, crazing and fracture toughness.
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Ansari M, Hassan A, Alam A, Jana A, Das N. Triptycene based fluorescent polymers with azo motif pendants: Effect of alkyl chain on fluorescence, morphology and picric acid sensing. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Ansari M, Mallik S, Mondal S, Bera R, Jana A, Nayak A, Das N. Triptycene-based fluorescent polymers with pendant alkyl chains: interaction with fullerenes and morphology of thin films. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosim Ansari
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Samapika Mallik
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Snehasish Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Ranajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Alpana Nayak
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Bihar India
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Luo S, Stevens KA, Park JS, Moon JD, Liu Q, Freeman BD, Guo R. Highly CO2-Selective Gas Separation Membranes Based on Segmented Copolymers of Poly(Ethylene oxide) Reinforced with Pentiptycene-Containing Polyimide Hard Segments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2306-2317. [PMID: 26735344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-containing polymer membranes are attractive for CO2-related gas separations due to their high selectivity toward CO2. However, the development of PEO-rich membranes is frequently challenged by weak mechanical properties and a high crystallization tendency of PEO that hinders gas transport. Here we report a new series of highly CO2-selective, amorphous PEO-containing segmented copolymers prepared from commercial Jeffamine polyetheramines and pentiptycene-based polyimide. The copolymers are much more mechanically robust than the nonpentiptycene containing counterparts due to the molecular reinforcement mechanism of supramolecular chain threading and interlocking interactions induced by the pentiptycene structures, which also effectively suppresses PEO crystallization leading to a completely amorphous structure even at 60% PEO weight content. Membrane transport properties are sensitively affected by both PEO weight content and PEO chain length. A nonlinear correlation between CO2 permeability with PEO weight content was observed due to the competition between solubility and diffusivity contributions, whereby the copolymers change from being size-selective to solubility-selective when PEO content reaches 40%. CO2 selectivities over H2 and N2 increase monotonically with both PEO content and chain length, indicating strong CO2-philicity of the copolymers. The copolymer film with the longest PEO sequence (PEO2000) and highest PEO weight content (60%) showed a measured CO2 pure gas permeability of 39 Barrer, and ideal CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 selectivities of 4.1 and 46, respectively, at 35 °C and 3 atm, making them attractive for hydrogen purification and carbon capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kevin A Stevens
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Joshua D Moon
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Benny D Freeman
- Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Ruilan Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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9
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Chang Z, Fahs GB, Hudson AG, Orler EB, Moore RB, Wilkes GL, Turner SR. Synthesis and Properties of Segmented Polyurethanes with Triptycene Units in the Soft Segment. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmian Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Gregory B. Fahs
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Amanda G. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - E. Bruce Orler
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - Garth L. Wilkes
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
| | - S. Richard Turner
- Department of Chemistry; Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII); Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA 24061 USA
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10
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Synthesis of soluble and thermally stable triptycene-based poly(amide-imide)s. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Chang Z, Zhang M, Hudson AG, Orler EB, Moore RB, Wilkes GL, Turner SR. Synthesis and properties of segmented polyurethanes with triptycene units in the hard segment. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Sydlik SA, Delgado PA, Inomata S, VanVeller B, Yang Y, Swager TM, Wagener KB. Triptycene-containing polyetherolefins via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM, Chou JS, Guo W, Tsai TH. Synthesis and characterization of novel organosoluble and thermally stable polyamides bearing triptycene in their backbones. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM, Chou JS, Guo W, Lee TM, Leu CM, Su CW. Triptycene poly(ether-imide)s with high solubility and optical transparency. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM, Chen WJ, Lee TM, Leu CM. Synthesis and properties of novel triptycene-based polyimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Polishak BM, Huang S, Luo J, Shi Z, Zhou XH, Hsu A, Jen AKY. A Triptycene-Containing Chromophore for Improved Temporal Stability of Highly Efficient Guest−Host Electrooptic Polymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102980r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent M. Polishak
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhengwei Shi
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Albert Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Sydlik SA, Chen Z, Swager TM. Triptycene Polyimides: Soluble Polymers with High Thermal Stability and Low Refractive Indices. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101333p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Ghanem BS, Hashem M, Harris KDM, Msayib KJ, Xu M, Budd PM, Chaukura N, Book D, Tedds S, Walton A, McKeown NB. Triptycene-Based Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity: Organic Materials That Can Be Tailored for Gas Adsorption. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100640m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bader S. Ghanem
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hashem
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | | | | | - Mingcan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Peter M. Budd
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL,U.K
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL,U.K
| | - David Book
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Steven Tedds
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Allan Walton
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Neil B. McKeown
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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McKeown NB, Budd PM. Exploitation of Intrinsic Microporosity in Polymer-Based Materials. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1006396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil B. McKeown
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Peter M. Budd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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