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Shah S, Rangaraj N, Laxmikeshav K, Sampathi S. “Nanogels as drug carriers – Introduction, chemical aspects, release mechanisms and potential applications”. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Elshaarani T, Yu H, Wang L, Lin L, Wang N, ur Rahman Naveed K, Zhang L, Han Y, Fahad S, Ni Z. Dextran-crosslinked glucose responsive nanogels with a self-regulated insulin release at physiological conditions. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
The present review focuses on the description of the design, synthesis and physico-chemical and biological evaluation of polymer nanogels. Nanogels are robust swollen cross-linked polymer nanoparticles that can be used as highly efficient and biodegradable carriers for the transport of drugs in controlled drug delivery. In this article, various types of nanogels are described and methods for their preparation discussed. The possibility of using synthesized nanosystems for targeting are reviewed to show the potential of tailored structures to reach either solid tumor tissue or direct tumor cells. Finally, the methods for encapsulation or attachment of biologically active molecules, e.g. drugs, proteins, are described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kousalová
- Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Zhang T, Yang R, Yang S, Guan J, Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu H. Research progress of self-assembled nanogel and hybrid hydrogel systems based on pullulan derivatives. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:278-292. [PMID: 29334800 PMCID: PMC6058595 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nano-sized hydrogels (nanogels) as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades. Pullulan, a nontoxic and nonimmunogenic hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans with great biocompatibility and biodegradability, is one of the most attractive carriers for drug delivery systems. In this review, we describe the preparation, characterization, and 'switch-on/off' mechanism of typical pullulan self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels), and then introduce the development of hybrid hydrogels that are numerous resources applied for regenerative medicine. A major section is used for biomedical applications of different nanogel systems based on modified pullulan, which exert smart stimuli-responses at ambient conditions such as charge, pH, temperature, light, and redox. Pullulan self-nanogels have found increasingly extensive application in protein delivery, tissue engineering, vaccine development, cancer therapy, and biological imaging. Functional groups are incorporated into self-nanogels and contribute to expressing desirable results such as targeting and modified release. Various molecules, especially insoluble or unstable drugs and encapsulated proteins, present improved solubility and bioavailability as well as reduced side effects when incorporated into self-nanogels. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of pullulan self-nanogels will be analyzed accordingly, and the development of pullulan nanogel systems will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Sekine Y, Endo H, Iwase H, Takeda S, Mukai SA, Fukazawa H, Littrell KC, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Nanoscopic Structural Investigation of Physically Cross-Linked Nanogels Formed from Self-Associating Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11996-12002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences
Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Neutron Science
Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Department
of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takeda
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Sada-atsu Mukai
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukazawa
- Materials Sciences
Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kenneth C. Littrell
- Neutron
Science Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6393, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-Nanotransporter
Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Kastura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Alhaique F, Matricardi P, Di Meo C, Coviello T, Montanari E. Polysaccharide-based self-assembling nanohydrogels: An overview on 25-years research on pullulan. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li Y, Maciel D, Rodrigues J, Shi X, Tomás H. Biodegradable Polymer Nanogels for Drug/Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8564-608. [PMID: 26259712 DOI: 10.1021/cr500131f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dina Maciel
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira , Campus da Penteada 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
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Sekine Y, Takagi H, Sudo S, Kajiwara Y, Fukazawa H, Ikeda-Fukazawa T. Dependence of structure of polymer side chain on water structure in hydrogels. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sharma A, Garg T, Aman A, Panchal K, Sharma R, Kumar S, Markandeywar T. Nanogel--an advanced drug delivery tool: Current and future. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:165-77. [PMID: 25053442 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.930745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are robust nanoparticles that could be used to deliver active drug compounds in controlled drug delivery applications. Nanogels drug delivery system is more effective and safer for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs due to their chemical composition and formulations that are inappropriate for other formulations. Nanogels have enabled enlargement of functionalized nanoparticles, which act as a drug carriers that can be loaded with drugs and other active material to be released in a controlled manner at specific site. This review aims at providing general introduction on nanogels, recent synthesis methodology and their novel application in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Tarun Garg
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Amrinder Aman
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Kushan Panchal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Tanmay Markandeywar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab Technical University , Moga , Punjab , India
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Moya-Ortega MD, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Loftsson T. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2012; 428:152-63. [PMID: 22388054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic nanogels combine the advantages of hydrogels with certain advantages that are inherent in their nanoscale size. Similar to macrogels, nanogels can contain and protect drugs and regulate their release by incorporating high-affinity functional groups, stimuli-responsive conformations and biodegradable bonds into the polymer network. Similar to nanoparticles, nanogels can easily be administered in liquid form for parenteral drug delivery. The nanoscale size of nanogels gives them a high specific surface area that is available for further bioconjugation of active targeting agents. Biodistribution and drug release can be modulated through size adjustments. The incorporation of hydrophilic cyclodextrin (CD) moieties into the polymeric network of the nanogels provides them with a drug loading and release mechanism that is based on the formation of inclusion complexes without decreasing the hydrophilicity of the network. The covalent attachment of CD molecules to the chemically crosslinked networks may enable the CDs to display fully their ability to form complexes, while simultaneously preventing drug release upon media dilution. The preparation, characterization and advantages for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of CD-based nanogels are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Moya-Ortega
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Tang KH, Blankenship RE. Neutron and light scattering studies of light-harvesting photosynthetic antenna complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 111:205-217. [PMID: 21710338 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been employed in studying the structural information of various biological systems, particularly in systems without high-resolution structural information available. In this report, we briefly present some principles and biological applications of neutron scattering and DLS, compare the differences in information that can be obtained with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and then report recent studies of SANS and DLS, together with other biophysical approaches, for light-harvesting antenna complexes and reaction centers of purple and green phototrophic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Mahmoudi M, Lynch I, Ejtehadi MR, Monopoli MP, Bombelli FB, Laurent S. Protein-nanoparticle interactions: opportunities and challenges. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5610-37. [PMID: 21688848 DOI: 10.1021/cr100440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 982] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sakai-Kato K, Hasegawa T, Takaoka A, Kato M, Toyo'oka T, Utsunomiya-Tate N, Kawanishi T. Controlled structure and properties of silicate nanoparticle networks for incorporation of biosystem components. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:205702. [PMID: 21444966 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/20/205702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles are of technological interest in many fields. We created silicate nanoparticle hydrogels that effectively incorporated biomolecules that are unstable and involved in complicated reactions. The size of the silicate nanoparticles strongly affected both the physical characteristics of the resulting hydrogel and the activity of biomolecules incorporated within the hydrogel. We used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze in detail the hydrogel network patterns formed by the silicate nanoparticles. We obtained clear nanostructured images of biomolecule-nanoparticle composite hydrogels. The TEM images also showed that larger silicate nanoparticles (22 nm) formed more loosely associated silicate networks than did smaller silicate nanoparticles (7 nm). The loosely associated networks formed from larger silicate nanoparticles might facilitate substrate diffusion through the network, thus promoting the observed increased activity of the entrapped biomolecules. This doubled the activity of the incorporated biosystems compared with that of biosystems prepared by our own previously reported method. We propose a reaction scheme to explain the formation of the silicate nanoparticle networks. The successful incorporation of biomolecules into the nanoparticle hydrogels, along with the high level of activity exhibited by the biomolecules required for complicated reaction within the gels, demonstrates the nanocomposites' potential for use in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Sasaki Y, Asayama W, Niwa T, Sawada SI, Ueda T, Taguchi H, Akiyoshi K. Amphiphilic Polysaccharide Nanogels as Artificial Chaperones in Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:814-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang KH, Urban VS, Wen J, Xin Y, Blankenship RE. SANS investigation of the photosynthetic machinery of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Biophys J 2011; 99:2398-407. [PMID: 20959079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Green photosynthetic bacteria harvest light and perform photosynthesis in low-light environments, and contain specialized antenna complexes to adapt to this condition. We performed small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies to obtain structural information about the photosynthetic apparatus, including the peripheral light-harvesting chlorosome complex, the integral membrane light-harvesting B808-866 complex, and the reaction center (RC) in the thermophilic green phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Using contrast variation in SANS measurements, we found that the B808-866 complex is wrapped around the RC in Cfx. aurantiacus, and the overall size and conformation of the B808-866 complex of Cfx. aurantiacus is roughly comparable to the LH1 antenna complex of the purple bacteria. A similar size of the isolated B808-866 complex was suggested by dynamic light scattering measurements, and a smaller size of the RC of Cfx. aurantiacus compared to the RC of the purple bacteria was observed. Further, our SANS measurements indicate that the chlorosome is a lipid body with a rod-like shape, and that the self-assembly of bacteriochlorophylls, the major component of the chlorosome, is lipid-like. Finally, two populations of chlorosome particles are suggested in our SANS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Nanogel engineering for new nanobiomaterials: from chaperoning engineering to biomedical applications. CHEM REC 2010; 10:366-76. [PMID: 20836092 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanosize hydrogels (nanogels) are polymer nanoparticles with three-dimensional networks, formed by chemical and/or physical cross-linking of polymer chains. Recently, various nanogels have been designed, with a particular focus on biomedical applications. In this review, we describe recent progress in the synthesis of nanogels and nanogel-integrated hydrogels (nanogel cross-linked gels) for drug-delivery systems (DDS), regenerative medicine, and bioimaging. We also discuss chaperone-like functions of physical cross-linking nanogel (chaperoning engineering) and organic-inorganic hybrid nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Sasaki Y, Nomura Y, Sawada SI, Akiyoshi K. Polysaccharide nanogel–cyclodextrin system as an artificial chaperone for in vitro protein synthesis of green fluorescent protein. Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2010.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
A significant increase in biomedical applications of nanomaterials and their potential toxicity demands versatile analytical techniques to determine protein-nanoparticle (NP) interactions. These diverse analytical techniques are reviewed. Spectroscopic methods play a significant role in studying binding affinity, binding ratio, and binding mechanisms. To elucidate NP-proteome interactions, chromatography and electrophoresis techniques are applied to separate NP-bound proteins and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to identify these proteins. Since NP-protein binding is a dynamic event, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) are methods of choice to study the kinetics of NP-protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bing Yan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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van de Manakker F, Vermonden T, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE. Cyclodextrin-based polymeric materials: synthesis, properties, and pharmaceutical/biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 2010; 10:3157-75. [PMID: 19921854 DOI: 10.1021/bm901065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the synthesis, properties, and, in particular, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of an upcoming class of polymeric networks and assemblies based on cyclodextrins (CDs). CDs are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of alpha-1,4-coupled d-glucose units, which contain a hydrophobic internal cavity that can act as a host for various, generally lipophilic, guest molecules. Because of this unique physicochemical property, commonly referred to as inclusion complex formation, CDs have often been used to design polymeric materials, such as hydrogels and nanoparticles. Polymeric systems based on CDs exhibit unique characteristics in terms of mechanical properties, stimuli-responsiveness, and drug release characteristics. In this contribution, first, an outline is given of covalently cross-linked polymeric networks in which CD moieties were structurally incorporated to modulate the network strength as well as the complexation and release of low molecular weight drugs. Second, physically assembled polymeric systems are discussed, of which the formation is accomplished by inclusion complexes between polymer-conjugated CDs and various guest molecule-derivatized polymers. Due to their physical nature, these polymeric systems are sensitive to external stimuli, such as temperature changes, shear forces and the presence of competing CD-binding molecules, which can be exploited to use these systems as injectable, in situ gelling devices. In recent years, many interesting CD-containing polymeric systems have been described in literature. These systems have to be optimized and extensively evaluated in preclinical studies concerning their safety and efficacy, making future clinical applications of these materials in the biomedical and pharmaceutical field feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank van de Manakker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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