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Kozakiewicz J, Trzaskowska J, Kędzierski M, Sołtysiak J, Stolarczyk EU, Ofat-Kawalec I, Przybylski J. Cationic Emulsion Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in Mixtures with Alkoxysilanes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030605. [PMID: 35163866 PMCID: PMC8839893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cationic emulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in mixtures with methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was studied by FTIR ATR, GC, the development of a toluene insoluble fraction of the polymer and a gravimetric analysis. The polymerization of D4 alone was also conducted for comparison and, additionally, the development of molecular weight of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) obtained in that process was studied by GPC. Dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (DBSA) was used as a surfactant and catalyst. The process was carried out in a “starved feed” mode by adding dropwise the monomer mixture to the aqueous solution of DBSA. FTIR ATR spectra were recorded by the sensor placed in the probe tip of a ReactIR 15TM apparatus. It was found that the silicone polymer formation proceeded faster when D4 was polymerized in the mixture with alkoxysilanes, especially in the beginning of the process, and that already at the beginning of the process, the partly crosslinked polymer was formed. The induction period of ca. 30 min was observed and the concentration of cyclic siloxanes (D4 and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane—D5) remained at a very low level in the course of the reaction and only traces were detected in the final product. The particle size development in the course of the reaction was also studied and it was found that the particle size distribution was bimodal and was broadening as the reaction proceeded, though this phenomenon was less distinct when D4 was polymerized in the mixtures with alkoxysilanes. The structure of the reaction product was confirmed by 29Si NMR.
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Çalışkan Salihi E, Cantürk Talman RY, Göktürk S. Preparation and characterization of surfactant loaded clays as drug adsorbents. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1931289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çalışkan Salihi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R. Yeşim Cantürk Talman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Göktürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mitsui H, Mukai K, Ikubo S, Suzuki T, Minami H. Preparation of free‐standing silicone particles in aqueous heterogeneous system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mitsui
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Ken Mukai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikubo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University Kobe 657‐8501 Japan
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Yin C, Zhang Q. Effects of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane grafting and in situ silica particle generation on the curing and mechanical properties of a styrene butadiene rubber composite. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34330-34341. [PMID: 35529980 PMCID: PMC9073895 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) grafted styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-g-D4) with in situ generated silica was performed using the sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in latex. The characterization of SBR-g-D4 and in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D4 was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The grafting efficiency of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was determined by a gravimetric method. It was found that the constant silicon content and the grafting efficiency of SBR were 1.72% and 0.13 wt% when the weight ratio of D4 to SBR was 0.20. The effects of the D4 and in situ generated silica content on the curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of SBR latex were investigated. The mechanical properties of in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D4 vulcanizates were improved significantly compared to raw SBR vulcanizate when the in situ generated silica content was 18.05%. Compared with silica reinforced SBR-g-D4, the tensile strength, wet skid resistance and rolling resistance of the in situ generated silica reinforced SBR-g-D4 were better. This is because of the higher crosslinking degree in the SBR-g-D4 matrix and the strong chemical bond between SBR-g-D4 molecular chains and in situ generated silica. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed good silica filler dispersion in all the reinforced SBR-g-D4 vulcanizates. The reinforcement of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) grafted styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-g-D4) with in situ generated silica was performed using the sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in latex.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjie Yin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 People's Republic of China
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Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Using a Cost-Effective Solid Acid Catalyst (Maghnite-H+). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kherroub DE, Belbachir M, Lamouri S. Synthesis and characterization of polyvinylmethylsiloxanes by cationic polymerization using a solid green catalyst. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present work is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of vinylsiloxane polymers produced by the use of an activated natural catalyst known as Maghnite-H+. The cationic ring opening polymerization of pentavinylpentamethylcyclopentasiloxane (V5D5) made it possible to obtain the desired polymeric materials. Through this study, we have adapted a new strategy of synthesis of a siloxane polymer with relatively high molecular mass, using a solid initiator activated by sulfuric acid, which has enabled us to combine the ecological aspect of synthesis and the effectiveness of the catalyst in this kind of reaction. Structural [infrared (IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR)], thermal differential scanning (DSC) and chromatographic (GPC) characterization methods have allowed the products obtained to be identified and their various properties to be focused on. The kinetic study was made to determine the order of the reaction. The proposed reaction mechanism shows the advantages of Maghnite-H+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamal Eddine Kherroub
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El’Menouer Oran 31000, Algeria; and University Centre of Relizane Ahmed Zabana, Institute of Sciences and Technology, BP 48000, Algeria, Tel.: 00213 795 565 299
| | - Mohammed Belbachir
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El’Menouer Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Saad Lamouri
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, Polytechnic Military School (EMP), Bordj El Bahri, Algiers 16111, Algeria
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Khanjani J, Zohuriaan-Mehr M, Pazokifard S. Microemulsion and macroemulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane: A comparative study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1315418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Khanjani
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahla Pazokifard
- Color & Surface Coatings Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Activated bentonite (Maghnite-H+) as green catalyst for ring-opening polymerization of 1,3,5,7-tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gee RP, Zimmerman BL. Cationic emulsion polymerization of dimethylcyclosiloxane utilizing anionic surfactant: A mechanism study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jiang Y, Li L, Liu J, Wang R, Wang H, Tian Q, Li X. Hydrophobic films of acrylic emulsion by incorporation of fluorine-based copolymer prepared through the RAFT emulsion copolymerization. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gee RP. Emulsion polymerization of dimethylcyclosiloxane in cationic emulsion: mechanism study utilizing two phase liquid–liquid reaction kinetics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guo L, Jiang Y, Qiu T, Meng Y, Li X. One-pot synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid)-b-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers via RAFT polymerization. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cabrera-Codony A, Montes-Morán MA, Sánchez-Polo M, Martín MJ, Gonzalez-Olmos R. Biogas upgrading: optimal activated carbon properties for siloxane removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7187-7195. [PMID: 24837651 DOI: 10.1021/es501274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 12 commercial activated carbons (ACs) have been tested for the removal of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in dynamic adsorption experiments using different carrier gases and D4 concentrations. Characterization of the ACs included several physical and chemical techniques. The D4 adsorption capacities were strongly related with the textural development of the ACs. Results showed that the optimum adsorbent for D4 is a wood-based chemically activated carbon, which rendered an adsorption capacity of 1732 ± 93 mg g(-1) using 1000 ppm (v/v) of D4 with dry N2 as the carrier gas. When the concentration of D4 was lowered to typical values found in biogas, the adsorption capacity was halved. The presence of major biogas compounds (i.e., CH4 and CO2) and humidity further reduced the D4 adsorption capacity. The polymerization of D4 over the surface of all ACs was found to be relevant after prolonged contact times. The extent of this phenomenon, which may negatively affect the thermal regeneration of the AC, correlated reasonably well with the presence of phenolic and carboxylic groups on the carbon surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cabrera-Codony
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment. University of Girona , Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kinetics of ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in microemulsion. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Guo L, Jiang S, Qiu T, Zhang S, He L, Tan J, Li X. Miniemulsion polymerization of fluorinated siloxane-acrylate latex and the application as waterborne textile finishing agent. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longhai Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Sijiu Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Qiu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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Jiang S, Qiu T, He L, Tan J, Li X. The nucleation study on the cationic miniemulsion polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4). Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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